Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe pinnata
Evidence Level
Preliminary
2 Clinical Trials
5 Documented Benefits
1/5 Evidence Score

Kalanchoe pinnata, sometimes called the 'life plant' or 'miracle leaf,' is a succulent native to Madagascar that has spread throughout tropical regions of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. In traditional Brazilian, Caribbean, Indian, and Asian medicine, its fleshy leaves have been used as poultices and infusions for skin concerns, wound care, and general wellness. Phytochemical analyses have identified flavonoids (such as quercetin and kaempferol glycosides), bufadienolides, triterpenes, and phenolic acids in the leaves. The bufadienolide content gives Kalanchoe pharmacological interest but also potential cardiac safety concerns at high doses. Most modern research consists of in vitro and animal studies covering antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities; no human clinical trial supports the uses described on this page, and both references cited here are review articles rather than studies in people, so use should stay modest and cautious.

Studied Dose No human trial behind this page tested any dose of Kalanchoe, so there is no studied dose. Traditional preparations use leaf juice or infusions, and the 250-500 mg of leaf extract per serving seen on some product labels reflects what manufacturers chose, not an amount shown to be effective or safe in a study.
Active Compound Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol glycosides), bufadienolides (bryophyllin, bersaldegenin), triterpenes, and phenolic acids.

Benefits

Traditional Skin and Wound Support

Kalanchoe leaves have been applied to the skin in traditional medicine for minor scrapes and irritation. This is a historical practice rather than a tested one: neither reference cited on this page is a study of skin or wound healing, and no human trial supports this use.

Provides Antioxidant Flavonoids

Kalanchoe leaves contain quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, flavonoids that scavenge free radicals in laboratory tests. Whether swallowing the plant changes oxidative stress in a person has never been measured in a human study.

Supports Healthy Inflammation Response

Cell and animal experiments suggest Kalanchoe extracts act on inflammatory signaling pathways. Neither of the two references cited here tested inflammation in people, and no human trial has measured any effect on inflammation.

Traditional Use in Respiratory Comfort

Traditional preparations have been used for respiratory and throat comfort in several cultures. This rests on custom alone. There is no modern human data on Kalanchoe for breathing or throat symptoms, and it should not be used in place of medical care for a persistent cough, asthma or an infection.

Cultural and Botanical Heritage

Kalanchoe has a long history in Brazilian, Caribbean and Asian herbal traditions, which is part of why it still appears in supplements today. A long history of use is a reason researchers find the plant interesting, not evidence that it works.

Mechanism of action

1

Flavonoid Antioxidant Activity

Quercetin and kaempferol glycosides scavenge reactive oxygen species and modulate NF-κB-driven inflammatory signaling in preclinical models. This is laboratory work. It offers a possible explanation for the traditional uses, but it does not show that the same thing happens in a person.

2

Bufadienolide Bioactivity

Bufadienolides in Kalanchoe act on cell signaling pathways in laboratory models, including pathways involved in immune regulation. These same compounds affect the heart in a way similar to the medicine digoxin, which is the main reason swallowing large amounts is risky.

3

Immunomodulatory Action

Review articles report that Kalanchoe pinnata extracts changed cytokine release and immune cell activity in cell and animal experiments. None of this has been tested in people, and it does not mean the plant strengthens immunity or helps fight off an infection.

Clinical trials

1
Review Article, Not a Clinical Trial: Kalanchoe in Cancer Laboratory Research

2022 review article in Molecules (PMID 36234962) asking whether Kalanchoe pinnata compounds might one day be added alongside cancer treatment. It summarizes other researchers' laboratory work and is not a study in people.

No participants. The authors gathered test tube and animal experiments. There were no human trials of any size to include.

The authors describe cell and animal findings on cytotoxic, antioxidant and gene-regulating activity of Kalanchoe compounds, and say that human trials would be needed before any therapeutic claim could be made. Nothing in this paper shows a benefit in a person. Kalanchoe is not a cancer treatment, and anyone facing cancer should follow the plan set by their oncology team.

2
Review Article, Not a Clinical Trial: Plants Examined Against Poxvirus Infections

2024 review chapter (PMID 38801589) on natural products explored as complementary therapy for poxvirus infections, the virus family that includes smallpox and mpox. It is a literature review, not a trial.

No participants. The chapter summarizes laboratory and animal mechanism data only.

Kalanchoe pinnata is listed among plants that showed immune-modulating and antiviral activity in laboratory experiments. No person was treated or tested, so this says nothing about whether Kalanchoe affects any infection in humans. It should not be used to prevent or treat a viral illness. Vaccination and medical care are the treatments with evidence behind them.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

Oral safety has never been tested in a clinical trial. Small traditional amounts appear to be tolerated, but larger intakes may cause nausea or vomiting.
Kalanchoe contains bufadienolides, heart-active compounds similar to the medicine digoxin. Swallowing large amounts can cause an irregular or slowed heartbeat. Get medical help right away for chest pain, fainting or an irregular heartbeat.
May cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals when applied topically.
Avoid use during pregnancy due to possible uterine-stimulant activity.
Long-term safety in humans has not been well characterized.

Important Drug interactions

May interact with heart medicines such as digoxin, because the bufadienolides in Kalanchoe act on the heart in a similar way.
Could enhance the effect of diuretic medications and affect potassium balance.
May interact with medicines that control heart rhythm. This has not been studied, so check with a clinician before using Kalanchoe.
Use cautiously with immunosuppressant therapy given its immune-modulating activity.

Frequently asked questions about Kalanchoe

What is kalanchoe used for?

Kalanchoe is a succulent plant used in various traditional medicines, applied topically for wounds and skin issues and used internally in some traditions for inflammation and other complaints. It is also a common ornamental houseplant. None of these traditional uses has been confirmed in a human study.

What is kalanchoe good for?

Traditionally the leaf juice or poultice is used for minor wounds, skin inflammation, and infections, and some traditions use it internally; there are no human clinical trials behind these uses, so they remain traditional rather than proven.

How is kalanchoe used?

It is used traditionally as a topical leaf application or juice, and sometimes internally in specific traditions; follow product or practitioner guidance. Species and preparation vary.

Is kalanchoe safe?

Topical traditional use is generally tolerated, but some Kalanchoe species contain compounds (bufadienolides) that can affect the heart and be toxic if ingested in quantity, and they are toxic to grazing animals and pets. Swallowing it can cause an irregular or slowed heartbeat, so internal use should be approached cautiously and only with professional guidance. Avoid it in pregnancy, and avoid it if you take heart medicines such as digoxin, water pills or drugs for heart rhythm.

What is Kalanchoe?

Kalanchoe pinnata, sometimes called the 'life plant' or 'miracle leaf,' is a succulent native to Madagascar that has spread throughout tropical regions of the Americas, Asia, and Africa.

What is the recommended dosage of Kalanchoe?

The clinically studied dose is No human trial behind this page tested any dose of Kalanchoe, so there is no studied dose. Traditional preparations use leaf juice or infusions, and the 250-500 mg of leaf extract per serving seen on some product labels reflects what manufacturers chose, not a… Always follow the product label and check with a healthcare provider for personal advice.

Is Kalanchoe safe, and does it have side effects?

For most healthy adults, Kalanchoe is well tolerated at studied doses. Reported effects can include: Oral safety has never been tested in a clinical trial. Small traditional amounts appear to be tolerated, but larger intakes may cause nausea or vomiting. Kalanchoe contains bufadienolides, heart-active compounds similar to the medicine digoxin. It may also interact with some medications. Kalanchoe is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Kalanchoe interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: May interact with heart medicines such as digoxin, because the bufadienolides in Kalanchoe act on the heart in a similar way. Could enhance the effect of diuretic medications and affect potassium balance. If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Kalanchoe?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Kalanchoe as Preliminary (1 out of 5). It is backed by 2 clinical trials and 2 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(2 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Hernández-Caballero ME, Sierra-Ramírez JA, Villalobos-Valencia R, Seseña-Méndez E. Potential of Kalanchoe pinnata as a Cancer Treatment Adjuvant and an Epigenetic Regulator. Molecules. 2022;Molecules. 2022 Oct 1;27(19):6425..PubMedUsed to support: Review article, not a clinical trial, written in a cancer treatment context. It summarizes laboratory evidence on Kalanchoe pinnata's cytotoxic, antioxidant and epigenetic activity, contains no human data, and states that controlled human trials would be needed before any clinical claim.
  2. Ali SI, Salama A. Natural Immunomodulatory Agents as a Complementary Therapy for Poxviruses. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2024;Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1451:337-354..PubMedUsed to support: Review chapter, not a clinical trial, about natural products explored as complementary therapy for poxvirus infections. It lists Kalanchoe pinnata among plants with laboratory immunomodulatory and antiviral activity and provides no human evidence for any use.