Antrodia cinnamomea (Niu-Chang-Chih / Stout Camphor Fungus)

Antrodia cinnamomea (also Antrodia camphorata) — Polyporaceae endemic Taiwan
Evidence Level
Limited
3 Clinical Trials
7 Documented Benefits
2/5 Evidence Score

A medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan, Chinese name Niu-Chang-Chih (Polyporaceae family, also known as Antrodia camphorata). Among its diverse pharmacological activities, hepatic protection has the strongest evidence and clearest mechanism, supported by antroquinonol (Nrf-2 hepatoprotection) and antrodan glycoprotein (anti-inflammatory) mechanisms. Honest limitation: human clinical trials remain limited, and the FDA has not approved any AC products for clinical applications.

Studied Dose 420 mg ACM/day (NASH); 250 mg ACM/day (subhealth ALT).
Active Compound Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium; antroquinonol, antrodan (protein-bound polysaccharide), triterpenoids, polysaccharides

Benefits

NASH 6-month RCT

The first clinical investigation of A. cinnamomea's hepatoprotective effect in NASH was a double-blind placebo-controlled trial dosing 420 mg ACM/day vs placebo, with no adverse events reported. This is a single small trial (28 participants) reporting safety with no adverse events; it is early, preliminary human data and does not establish that the mushroom treats or improves any liver disease.

Subhealth ALT 12-week RCT

A double-blind placebo-controlled study in subhealth adults with mildly elevated ALT (31–50 U/L, AST ≤50 U/L) dosed 250 mg ACME/day, with no treatment-related adverse events. This supports subhealth liver-function use in a relevant population with mildly elevated ALT but not yet clinical liver disease.

Antroquinonol Nrf-2 hepatoprotection

Antroquinonol protects hepatic cells from ethanol-induced oxidative stress through Nrf-2 activation (HepG2 cells and mice), This is a cell-culture and animal finding for the isolated compound antroquinonol, not human evidence for the whole mushroom.

Antrodan glycoprotein hepatoprotection

Antrodan, a protein-bound polysaccharide from the mycelia, exhibits anti-inflammatory bioactivity, a distinguishing glycoprotein mechanism among medicinal-mushroom hepatoprotective compounds.

Hepatoprotective review

A comprehensive hepatoprotective review confirms this is the strongest-evidenced indication for A. cinnamomea among its many proposed activities, with the honest framing that human and clinical trials are still limited and further studies are required for product development.

Oxidative-stress signaling (animal model)

An alcohol-induced liver injury mouse model showed oxidative stress signaling modulation, This is preclinical animal evidence only and does not establish a liver benefit in people.

Honest framing — limited human RCTs and FDA non-approval

Critical limitation: human clinical trials remain limited overall (only 2 published RCTs). FDA has not approved any A. cinnamomea products for clinical applications — supplement-only context. Position as emerging evidence base requiring more rigorous trials.

Mechanism of action

1

Antroquinonol Nrf-2 antioxidant pathway

Antroquinonol activates Nrf-2 — the master regulator of antioxidant response. Hepatocyte protection from ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Mechanism shared with several pharmaceutical hepatoprotective compounds.

2

Antrodan protein-bound polysaccharide anti-inflammatory

Antrodan is a glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory bioactivity. Distinguishing among medicinal mushroom hepatoprotective compounds; combines polysaccharide and protein components in a single biologically active complex.

3

Preclinical liver-cell studies

In laboratory-cell and animal studies, A. cinnamomea compounds have been examined for effects on liver-cell growth and function. These are preclinical findings only, with no human trials, and do not establish any disease benefit.

4

Lipid and blood-pressure signaling (preclinical)

Animal and in-vitro activity on lipid and blood-pressure markers; there is no human evidence for these effects. Preclinical only.

5

Multi-component oxidative stress modulation

The combined antroquinonol + antrodan + triterpenoid + polysaccharide profile provides multi-pathway oxidative stress modulation — broader than single-mechanism antioxidants.

6

Immunomodulation activity

Multi-pathway immunomodulation — preclinical mechanism complementing the hepatoprotective focus.

Clinical trials

1
NASH 6-Month Double-Blind Clinical Trial

See findings for study type, size, and outcomes. Note: A. cinnamomea has only two small published human RCTs, and one of the entries in this section is a narrative review rather than a trial.

See findings for the study population and sample size.

Chiou YL et al. 2020. 28 NASH patients randomized double-blind placebo-controlled to 3 capsules/day (420 mg ACM) or 420 mg starch placebo × 6 months. No adverse events. First clinical investigation of A. cinnamomea hepatoprotective effect in NASH.

2
Subhealth ALT 12-Week Clinical Trial

Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in 44 subhealth Japanese adults (ALT 31-50 U/L, AST ≤50 U/L).

See findings for the study population and sample size.

Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in 44 subhealth Japanese adults (ALT 31-50 U/L, AST ≤50 U/L). 250 mg ACME × 12 weeks. No treatment-related adverse events. Subhealth liver function support evidence.

3
Hepatoprotective Activities Review

See findings for study type, size, and outcomes. Note: A. cinnamomea has only two small published human RCTs, and one of the entries in this section is a narrative review rather than a trial.

See findings for the study population and sample size.

Yue PY et al. 2013 (doi:10.1186/1749-8546-8-21). Comprehensive review confirming hepatic protection has the strongest evidence among A. cinnamomea's many proposed activities. Honest framing: human and clinical trials still limited; further studies required for AC product development.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

Generally well-tolerated in clinical trials (NASH 6-month + subhealth 12-week — no AEs).
Mild GI upset (rare).
Pregnancy/lactation: limited specific data; consult physician.
Long-term safety: 6-month NASH trial supportive.
Allergic reactions in mushroom-sensitive individuals.
FDA has not approved AC for clinical applications — supplement only.
Severely immunocompromised individuals: caution (immunomodulatory activity).

Important Drug interactions

Medications that can affect the liver: interaction data for A. cinnamomea are lacking; discuss with your physician before combining.
Most medications: no documented interactions.
Anti-hyperlipidemic medications: theoretical additive effect.
Anti-hypertensive medications: theoretical additive effect.
Other mushroom supplements: compatible.
Anticoagulants: no documented interactions but caution if combined.

Frequently asked questions about Antrodia cinnamomea (Niu-Chang-Chih / Stout Camphor Fungus)

What is Antrodia cinnamomea used for?

Antrodia cinnamomea is a rare medicinal mushroom native to Taiwan, traditionally used for liver health and studied for liver support, antioxidant activity, and immune modulation.

What is Antrodia cinnamomea good for?

Its best-known traditional and research focus is liver support, along with antioxidant and immune effects. Its triterpenoids and polysaccharides are the studied compounds.

How much Antrodia cinnamomea should I take?

Doses depend heavily on the product (mycelium versus fruiting body); follow product labeling. Because mycelium and fruiting-body products differ in composition and are not standardized, product quality, testing, and sourcing matter.

Is Antrodia cinnamomea safe?

It is generally well tolerated in studies. Because it affects the liver and immune system, those with liver conditions or on medication should use it only with a doctor's guidance, and choose tested products.

What is Antrodia cinnamomea?

A medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan, Chinese name Niu-Chang-Chih (Polyporaceae family, also known as Antrodia camphorata). Among its diverse pharmacological activities, hepatic protection has the strongest evidence and clearest mechanism, supported by antroquinonol (Nrf-2 hepatoprotection) and antrodan glycoprotein…

What is the recommended dosage of Antrodia cinnamomea?

The clinically studied dose is 420 mg ACM/day (NASH); 250 mg ACM/day (subhealth ALT). Always follow the product label and check with a healthcare provider for personal advice.

Is Antrodia cinnamomea safe, and does it have side effects?

For most healthy adults, Antrodia cinnamomea is well tolerated at studied doses. Reported effects can include: Generally well-tolerated in clinical trials (NASH 6-month + subhealth 12-week — no AEs). Mild GI upset (rare). It may also interact with some medications. Antrodia cinnamomea is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Antrodia cinnamomea interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: Medications that can affect the liver: interaction data for A. cinnamomea are lacking; discuss with your physician before combining. Most medications: no documented interactions. If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Antrodia cinnamomea?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Antrodia cinnamomea as Limited (2 out of 5). It is backed by 3 clinical trials and 2 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(2 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Chiou YL, Chyau CC, Li TJ, et al. Hepatoprotective Effect of Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelium in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2021;40(4):349-357..PubMedUsed to support: Randomized trial of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (liver health).
  2. Ho CY, Kuan CY, Chen WL, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia extract in subhealth Japanese adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. J Diet Suppl. 2023;20(6):838-855. doi:10.1080/19390211.2022.2144582.PubMedUsed to support: The second (of only two) small human RCT: n=44 subhealth Japanese adults (ALT 31-50 U/L), 250 mg ACME/day x 12 weeks; reported good tolerability. Small, single-region, safety-focused.