Benefits
Immune support
Colostrum is rich in IgG antibodies and immune proteins. The one immune trial cited here, in swimmers taking 25 g a day for 10 weeks, measured antibody levels in saliva and blood and found no change, and the difference in reported upper respiratory symptoms did not reach statistical significance.
Gut health
In a crossover trial in 8 healthy volunteers, 20 g of colostrum a day for 14 days cut the rise in gut permeability caused by hard exercise by about 70%, on its own as well as alongside zinc carnosine. The trial was very small, and what was measured was permeability, not the lining itself.
Recovery support
In 18 soccer players, 3.2 g a day for 6 weeks, compared with the same amount of whey protein, jump performance dropped less after a hard shuttle-running test and markers of inflammation settled faster. Performance was maintained rather than improved, and the study was small.
Mechanism of action
Passive immune support
Colostrum delivers preformed IgG antibodies and immune-active proteins. Swallowed antibodies are proteins and are largely broken down by digestion, so any action is local in the gut rather than systemic. There is no evidence that they reach the airways intact.
Growth factors and the gut lining
Colostrum's growth factors support the renewal and integrity of the intestinal lining, which is thought to reinforce the gut barrier. This explanation comes from laboratory and animal work; in people, only gut permeability has been measured.