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Fish Protein Hydrolysate (Marine Peptides)

Evidence Level
Limited
7 Clinical Trials
7 Documented Benefits
2/5 Evidence Score

Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) is fish protein, from muscle or from processing by-products, that has been broken down by enzymes into small peptides and free amino acids. It is studied for several things at once: appetite and body weight through the gut fullness hormones CCK and GLP-1, blood pressure through peptides that block angiotensin-converting enzyme, blood sugar and blood fats, and recovery from exercise. Most of the human trials are small and their results are mixed or show no clear effect. The strongest appetite and body-composition result comes from one branded blue whiting product, SlimPro, which has its own record, and those findings do not transfer to generic fish protein hydrolysate. The clearest blood-pressure signal is for a specific sardine muscle peptide rather than the whole hydrolysate. Because it is made from fish, anyone with a fish allergy should avoid it.

Studied Dose A branded blue whiting appetite trial used 1.4 to 2.8 g a day with a reduced-calorie diet. Cod hydrolysate glucose trials used about 4 g a day for 8 weeks or single doses near 20 mg per kg. Sardine blood-pressure drinks supplied about 0.4 to 6 mg a day of Valyl-Tyrosine.
Active Compound A mix of small peptides, mostly di- and tripeptides, with free amino acids, produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of fish muscle or processing by-products. Studied species include blue whiting, cod, herring, salmon and sardine. One named bioactive peptide is Valyl-Tyrosine (Val-Tyr).

Benefits

Satiety hormones and body composition in a blue whiting hydrolysate trial

In a randomized study of 120 slightly overweight adults, a blue whiting hydrolysate taken at 1.4 or 2.8 g a day with a reduced-calorie diet raised blood levels of the fullness hormones CCK and GLP-1 and improved body-composition measures, with no added effect above 1.4 g. This trial used the branded SlimPro product, covered in its own record, so the results do not transfer to generic fish protein hydrolysate.

Supported by Trial 1

Appetite and ghrelin after a single cod hydrolysate dose

A crossover trial gave 41 healthy middle-aged adults a single low dose of cod protein hydrolysate, about 20 mg per kg of body weight, or casein before breakfast. There was no difference between them in the hunger hormone acylated ghrelin or in rated fullness and satiety. The authors suggested testing a daily supplement over time rather than a single dose.

Supported by Trial 3, Trial 2

Postprandial insulin after a cod protein hydrolysate dose

In the same healthy middle-aged group, a single cod protein hydrolysate dose before breakfast was followed by a lower rise in insulin after the meal than casein, while blood glucose and GLP-1 did not change. The effect was small and came from one dose, and the hydrolysate was supplied by its maker.

Supported by Trial 2

Glucose handling with low-dose fish proteins

A trial in 93 overweight adults compared 2.5 g a day of protein from herring, salmon, cod or milk for eight weeks. The cod group showed a within-group fall in glucose measured 90 and 120 minutes after a meal, but this was not different from the salmon or herring groups, and salmon protein changed nothing. Blood lipids were unchanged across all groups.

Supported by Trial 5

Glucose, insulin and lipids over an eight-week trial

Adults with metabolic syndrome took 4 g a day of cod protein hydrolysate or placebo for eight weeks. There was no difference between the groups in fasting or after-meal glucose, insulin or GLP-1, and no difference in the blood-fat profile; total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides drifted down by a similar amount in both groups.

Supported by Trial 4

Blood pressure in sardine muscle peptide drink studies

Small randomized trials in Japan gave people a drink carrying a sardine muscle peptide called Valyl-Tyrosine. In those with mildly raised or high-normal blood pressure, systolic and diastolic pressure fell over several weeks, while people with normal pressure saw no change. These peptides block angiotensin-converting enzyme. This is a specific peptide, not generic fish protein hydrolysate.

Supported by Trial 6

Post-exercise amino acid delivery and whole-body protein building

In 10 trained young men, a blue whiting hydrolysate taken after resistance exercise raised blood essential amino acids and supported whole-body protein building, measured by leucine retention, more than a non-essential amino acid drink. It was weaker than whey isolate at the same dose, so a larger serving may be needed to match whey.

Supported by Trial 7

Mechanism of action

1

Triggering gut fullness hormones

Some fish peptides prompt the hormone-releasing cells of the gut to put out cholecystokinin and GLP-1, signals that tell the brain you are full. A human hydrolysate trial measured higher CCK and GLP-1, and cell studies of blue whiting peptides raised GLP-1 output. How strongly this happens depends on the peptide mix.

2

Peptides that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme

Short peptides such as Valyl-Tyrosine from fish muscle can block angiotensin-converting enzyme, the same target as several blood-pressure drugs. In people given a sardine peptide, blood markers shifted as expected, with angiotensin I rising and angiotensin II and aldosterone falling. Any blood-pressure change from food amounts is modest.

3

Small peptides that are absorbed quickly

Enzymatic hydrolysis breaks fish protein into small di- and tripeptides and free amino acids, which are taken up by peptide transporters in the gut and can appear in the blood faster than intact protein. This is the proposed basis for studying the hydrolysates at low doses, drawn mainly from review and laboratory work.

Clinical trials

1
Blue whiting hydrolysate, appetite hormones and body composition
PubMed

Randomized clinical study of a branded blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) fish protein hydrolysate at two doses with a mild reduced-calorie diet over 90 days, with CCK and GLP-1 measured (Nobile et al. 2016, Food and Nutrition Research)

120 slightly overweight adults (BMI 25 to under 30), one quarter male and three quarters female.

At 1.4 and 2.8 g a day the hydrolysate raised blood CCK and GLP-1 and improved body-composition measures, with no extra effect above 1.4 g, pointing to a plateau. The product tested was the branded SlimPro, and two authors were employed by the maker, so the result does not carry over to generic fish protein hydrolysate.

2
Cod protein hydrolysate and postprandial glucose metabolism
PubMed

Double-blind crossover trial of a single dose of cod (Gadus morhua) protein hydrolysate versus casein before a breakfast meal, with glucose, insulin and GLP-1 measured over 180 minutes (Dale et al. 2018, Journal of Nutritional Science)

41 healthy middle-aged to elderly adults.

Insulin measured after the meal was significantly lower after the hydrolysate than after casein, while blood glucose and GLP-1 did not differ. The effect came from a single low dose, about 20 mg per kg of body weight, and the hydrolysate was supplied by its maker. A corrigendum was later published for the paper.

3
Cod protein hydrolysate, ghrelin and appetite sensations
PubMed

Double-blind crossover trial of a single dose of cod protein hydrolysate versus casein before breakfast, with acylated ghrelin and appetite ratings measured postprandially (Dale et al. 2019, Food and Nutrition Research)

41 healthy adults (15 men, 26 women), average age 51.

There was no difference between the hydrolysate and casein for acylated ghrelin or for rated satiety and fullness. This single-dose trial in healthy people found no appetite effect, and the authors called for studies of a daily supplement over time.

4
Cod protein hydrolysate over eight weeks in metabolic syndrome
PubMed

Double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trial of 4 g a day of cod protein hydrolysate versus placebo for 8 weeks, with glucose, insulin, GLP-1, lipids and body composition measured (Jensen et al. 2020, Nutrients)

30 adults with metabolic syndrome, 15 per group.

There was no difference between hydrolysate and placebo for fasting or postprandial glucose, insulin or GLP-1, for the lipid profile, or for body composition. Total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides fell by a similar amount within both groups. A primary-outcome null result in a small sample.

5
Low-dose fish and milk proteins and glucose regulation
PubMed

Randomized, double-blind trial of 2.5 g a day of protein from herring, salmon, cod or milk as tablets for 8 weeks, with glucose and insulin-sensitivity markers measured (Hovland et al. 2020, European Journal of Nutrition; NCT01641055)

93 overweight adults assigned, 77 analyzed.

Cod protein lowered glucose measured 90 and 120 minutes after a meal within its own group, but not compared with the salmon or herring groups, and salmon protein changed nothing. The milk (casein and whey) group reduced the glucose area under the curve most. Serum lipids were unchanged in every group.

6
Sardine muscle peptide (Valyl-Tyrosine) and blood pressure
PubMed

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a drink containing 3 mg of the sardine muscle peptide Valyl-Tyrosine twice a day for 4 weeks, with a recovery period (Kawasaki et al. 2000, Journal of Human Hypertension)

29 volunteers with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell by about 9 and 5 mm Hg in the peptide group with no change on placebo, and pressure drifted back up after the peptide was stopped. Plasma angiotensin I rose while angiotensin II and aldosterone fell, consistent with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. A specific peptide, not generic hydrolysate.

7
Blue whiting hydrolysate and whole-body anabolism after exercise
PubMed

Randomized crossover trial comparing a blue whiting protein hydrolysate, whey protein isolate and a non-essential amino acid drink after resistance exercise, with leucine retention as a proxy for whole-body protein synthesis (Evans et al. 2025, International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism)

10 trained young men, average age 31.

Both the hydrolysate and whey isolate produced a rise in blood essential amino acids and supported whole-body anabolism; leucine retention was greater with the hydrolysate than with the amino acid drink but lower than with whey isolate at the matched dose. A larger hydrolysate serving may be needed to match whey.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

Fish allergy: fish protein hydrolysate is made from fish, and hydrolysis does not guarantee the proteins will not trigger a reaction, so people with fish allergy should avoid it.
Mild digestive upset such as fullness, gas or nausea is occasionally reported.
Some products have a fishy taste or smell.
If you have raised blood pressure and take medicine for it, the blood-pressure peptides could add to the effect; monitor and tell your doctor.
Choose products tested by a third party for purity, including heavy metals, which can concentrate in marine ingredients.

Important Drug interactions

Blood-pressure medicines, especially ACE inhibitors: fish peptides that block angiotensin-converting enzyme could add to their effect; monitor your blood pressure and tell your doctor.
Diabetes and blood-sugar medicines: effects on after-meal glucose and insulin may interact; monitor if you manage blood sugar.
Protein-restricted diets: hydrolysate adds protein, so count it if your doctor has limited your protein intake.

Standardized & branded forms of Fish Protein Hydrolysate (Marine Peptides)

Trademarked forms of Fish Protein Hydrolysate (Marine Peptides) with their own profiles on NutraSmarts. Results from one branded form do not automatically carry over to another, so check each profile for the studies run on that specific product:

Weight Management
SlimPro® (Fish Protein Hydrolysate — Compagnie des Pêches Saint-Malo)
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Frequently asked questions about Fish Protein Hydrolysate (Marine Peptides)

Does fish protein hydrolysate curb appetite?

The positive appetite and body-composition evidence comes from one branded blue whiting product, SlimPro, taken with a reduced-calorie diet, and it has its own record. A separate single-dose trial of a cod hydrolysate in healthy adults found no change in hunger, the ghrelin hormone or fullness. So the effect is not established for generic fish protein hydrolysate.

Can it lower blood pressure?

The clearest blood-pressure evidence is for a specific sardine muscle peptide, Valyl-Tyrosine, not for fish protein hydrolysate in general. In small trials it lowered pressure in people with mildly raised or high-normal blood pressure, while people with normal pressure saw no change. It is not a treatment for high blood pressure; keep taking any prescribed medicine.

Does it help blood sugar?

Human trials show at most minor effects. A single cod hydrolysate dose lowered the insulin rise after a meal in healthy adults without changing glucose, but an eight-week trial in people with metabolic syndrome found no change in glucose, insulin or blood fats. It is not a treatment for diabetes.

Is it safe if I have a fish allergy?

No. Fish protein hydrolysate is made from fish, and breaking the protein into peptides does not guarantee it will not trigger an allergic reaction, so anyone with a fish allergy should avoid it.

How is it different from SlimPro and marine collagen?

SlimPro is a specific branded blue whiting hydrolysate studied for appetite and satiety. Marine collagen is hydrolyzed fish collagen, used mainly for skin. Generic fish protein hydrolysate is any fish protein pre-digested with enzymes, and what it does depends on the species, the peptides it contains and the dose.

What is Fish Protein Hydrolysate?

Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) is fish protein, from muscle or from processing by-products, that has been broken down by enzymes into small peptides and free amino acids.

What is Fish Protein Hydrolysate used for?

Fish Protein Hydrolysate is researched primarily for Weight Management and Metabolic Health. In a randomized study of 120 slightly overweight adults, a blue whiting hydrolysate taken at 1.4 or 2.8 g a day with a reduced-calorie diet raised blood levels of the fullness hormones CCK and GLP-1 and improved body-composition measures, w…

What is the recommended dosage of Fish Protein Hydrolysate?

The clinically studied dose is A branded blue whiting appetite trial used 1.4 to 2.8 g a day with a reduced-calorie diet. Cod hydrolysate glucose trials used about 4 g a day for 8 weeks or single doses near 20 mg per kg. Sardine blood-pressure drinks supplied about 0. Always follow the product label and check with a healthcare provider for personal advice.

Is Fish Protein Hydrolysate safe, and does it have side effects?

For most healthy adults, Fish Protein Hydrolysate is well tolerated at studied doses. Reported effects can include: Fish allergy: fish protein hydrolysate is made from fish, and hydrolysis does not guarantee the proteins will not trigger a reaction, so people with fish allergy should avoid it. Mild digestive upset such as fullness, gas or nausea is occasionally reported. It may also interact with some medications. Fish Protein Hydrolysate is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Fish Protein Hydrolysate interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: Blood-pressure medicines, especially ACE inhibitors: fish peptides that block angiotensin-converting enzyme could add to their effect; monitor your blood pressure and tell your doctor. If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Fish Protein Hydrolysate?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Fish Protein Hydrolysate as Limited (2 out of 5). It is backed by 7 clinical trials and 14 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(14 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Nobile V, Duclos E, Michelotti A, Bizzaro G, Negro M, Soisson F. Supplementation with a fish protein hydrolysate (Micromesistius poutassou): effects on body weight, body composition, and CCK/GLP-1 secretion. Food Nutr Res. 2016;60:29857. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.29857.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized study in 120 slightly overweight adults: a branded blue whiting hydrolysate (SlimPro) at 1.4 or 2.8 g a day with a reduced-calorie diet raised blood CCK and GLP-1 and improved body-composition measures, with a plateau above 1.4 g. Two authors were employed by the maker. Results are specific to the branded product.
  2. Dale HF, Jensen C, Hausken T, Lied E, Hatlebakk JG, Brønstad I, Lihaug Hoff DA, Lied GA. Effect of a cod protein hydrolysate on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy subjects: a double-blind cross-over trial. J Nutr Sci. 2018;7:e33. doi: 10.1017/jns.2018.23.PubMedUsed to support: Double-blind crossover trial in 41 healthy middle-aged to elderly adults: a single dose of cod protein hydrolysate (about 20 mg per kg body weight) before breakfast lowered the postprandial insulin rise versus casein, with no change in glucose or GLP-1. A corrigendum was later published. One author held a royalty agreement with the maker.
  3. Dale HF, Jensen C, Hausken T, Lied E, Hatlebakk JG, Brønstad I, Hoff DAL, Lied GA. Acute effect of a cod protein hydrolysate on postprandial acylated ghrelin concentration and sensations associated with appetite in healthy subjects: a double-blind crossover trial. Food Nutr Res. 2019;63:3507. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3507.PubMedUsed to support: Double-blind crossover trial in 41 healthy adults: a single dose of cod protein hydrolysate before breakfast did not change acylated ghrelin or rated satiety and fullness compared with casein. A null single-dose result; the authors called for studies of a daily supplement over time.
  4. Jensen C, Fjeldheim Dale H, Hausken T, Hatlebakk JG, Brønstad I, Lied GA, Hoff DAL. Supplementation with Low Doses of a Cod Protein Hydrolysate on Glucose Regulation and Lipid Metabolism in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):1991. doi: 10.3390/nu12071991.PubMedUsed to support: Double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trial in 30 adults with metabolic syndrome: 4 g a day of cod protein hydrolysate for 8 weeks produced no difference versus placebo in fasting or postprandial glucose, insulin or GLP-1, in the lipid profile, or in body composition. A primary-outcome null in a small sample.
  5. Jensen C, Dale HF, Hausken T, Hatlebakk JG, Brønstad I, Lied GA, Hoff DAL. The Effect of Supplementation with Low Doses of a Cod Protein Hydrolysate on Satiety Hormones and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3421. doi: 10.3390/nu12113421.PubMedUsed to support: Multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial in 30 adults with metabolic syndrome: 4 g a day of cod protein hydrolysate for 8 weeks did not change fasting or postprandial acylated ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin or most inflammatory markers versus placebo; only high-sensitivity C-reactive protein differed between groups, which the authors said needs confirmation.
  6. Jensen C, Dale HF, Hausken T, Lied E, Hatlebakk JG, Brønstad I, Lied GA, Hoff DAL. Supplementation with cod protein hydrolysate in older adults: a dose range cross-over study. J Nutr Sci. 2019;8:e40. doi: 10.1017/jns.2019.37.PubMedUsed to support: Double-blind crossover dose-range study in 31 adults aged 60 to 78: doses of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg per kg body weight of cod protein hydrolysate showed no significant differences in peak glucose, insulin or GLP-1, with a non-significant downward trend at the highest dose. The authors called the findings preliminary.
  7. Hovland IH, Leikanger IS, Stokkeland O, Waage KH, Mjøs SA, Brokstad KA, McCann A, Ueland PM, Slizyte R, Carvajal A, Mellgren G, Remman T, Høgøy I, Gudbrandsen OA. Effects of low doses of fish and milk proteins on glucose regulation and markers of insulin sensitivity in overweight adults: a randomised, double blind study. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(3):1013-1029. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01963-0.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized, double-blind trial in overweight adults (93 assigned, 77 analyzed) given 2.5 g a day of protein from herring, salmon, cod or milk for 8 weeks: cod lowered 90 and 120 minute postprandial glucose within its group but not versus the other fish groups, salmon changed nothing, and the milk group lowered the glucose area under the curve most. Serum lipids were unchanged in all groups.
  8. Kawasaki T, Seki E, Osajima K, Yoshida M, Asada K, Matsui T, Osajima Y. Antihypertensive effect of valyl-tyrosine, a short chain peptide derived from sardine muscle hydrolyzate, on mild hypertensive subjects. J Hum Hypertens. 2000;14(8):519-23. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001065.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 29 volunteers with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension: a drink with 3 mg of the sardine peptide Valyl-Tyrosine twice a day for 4 weeks lowered systolic and diastolic pressure by about 9 and 5 mm Hg with no change on placebo, reversing after stopping. Plasma angiotensin I rose and angiotensin II and aldosterone fell.
  9. Kawasaki T, Jun CJ, Fukushima Y, Kegai K, Seki E, Osajima K, Itoh K, Matsui T, Matsumoto K. Antihypertensive effect and safety evaluation of vegetable drink with peptides derived from sardine protein hydrolysates on mild hypertensive, high-normal and normal blood pressure subjects. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 2002;93(10):208-18..PubMedUsed to support: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 63 subjects: a vegetable drink carrying 0.5 g of sardine peptides with 0.4 mg of Valyl-Tyrosine once a day for 13 weeks lowered systolic and diastolic pressure in people with mild hypertension or high-normal pressure, with no change in those with normal pressure and no adverse effects, including on threefold overconsumption. Article in Japanese.
  10. Evans M, Lees MJ, Aguilera JA, West DWD, da Fonseca GWP, Amigo-Benavent M, Carson BP, Moore DR, Egan B. Postexercise Dietary Leucine Retention for Whole-Body Anabolism Is Greater With Whey Protein Isolate and Fish-Derived Protein Hydrolysate Than Nonessential Amino Acids in Trained Young Men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2025;35(1):24-33. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2024-0157.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized crossover trial in 10 trained young men: a blue whiting protein hydrolysate taken after resistance exercise raised blood essential amino acids and supported whole-body anabolism (leucine retention) more than a non-essential amino acid drink but less than whey protein isolate at the matched dose, suggesting a larger hydrolysate serving is needed to match whey.
  11. Sharkey SJ, Harnedy-Rothwell PA, Allsopp PJ, Hollywood LE, FitzGerald RJ, O'Harte FPM. A Narrative Review of the Anti-Hyperglycemic and Satiating Effects of Fish Protein Hydrolysates and Their Bioactive Peptides. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2020;64(21):e2000403. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202000403.PubMedUsed to support: Narrative review of 44 publications on fish protein hydrolysates and their peptides for blood-sugar control and appetite: describes hormone-releasing, glucose-uptake, anti-obesity and DPP-4-inhibitory actions, and concludes there is potential for managing body weight and high blood sugar despite wide variation between studies. A review, not new trial data.
  12. Lees MJ, Carson BP. The Potential Role of Fish-Derived Protein Hydrolysates on Metabolic Health, Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Ageing. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2434. doi: 10.3390/nu12082434.PubMedUsed to support: Review of fish protein hydrolysates for metabolic health and muscle in ageing: notes di- and tripeptides are absorbed faster than free amino acids or intact protein, summarizes mostly animal evidence for several organ systems, and states that the limited human trials suggest a high-quality protein that does not blunt appetite, while calling for muscle-focused trials with proper protein comparators.
  13. Mizushige T, Komiya M, Onda M, Uchida K, Hayamizu K, Kabuyama Y. Fish protein hydrolysate exhibits anti-obesity activity and reduces hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein mRNA expressions in rats. Biomed Res. 2017;38(6):351-357. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.38.351.PubMedUsed to support: Animal study: in rats, a fish protein hydrolysate reduced measures of obesity and lowered messenger RNA for the appetite-stimulating hypothalamic signals neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein. Mechanistic animal evidence that does not by itself establish an effect in people.
  14. Drotningsvik A, Mjøs SA, Pampanin DM, Slizyte R, Carvajal A, Remman T, Høgøy I, Gudbrandsen OA. Dietary fish protein hydrolysates containing bioactive motifs affect serum and adipose tissue fatty acid compositions, serum lipids, postprandial glucose regulation and growth in obese Zucker fa/fa rats. Br J Nutr. 2016;116(8):1336-1345. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516003548.PubMedUsed to support: Animal study in obese Zucker fa/fa rats: fish protein hydrolysates containing bioactive peptide motifs affected serum and fat-tissue fatty acids, serum lipids, after-meal glucose regulation and growth. Preclinical evidence in a rat model of obesity, not a human result.