Bacillus licheniformis (Standalone Probiotic)

Bacillus licheniformis — strains CMCC63516 (Zhengchangsheng), SL-307
Evidence Level
Preliminary
3 Clinical Trials
7 Documented Benefits
1/5 Evidence Score

Spore-forming Bacillus probiotic with bacitracin antibiotic production. Key strains: CMCC63516 (Zhengchangsheng, NorthEast Pharm — Chinese clinical use); SL-307 (component of multi-strain spore probiotic blends). Spores are generally resistant to heat, acid and bile, which is why spore-based probiotics tend to be shelf stable and to survive stomach acid. That is a general property of spore-forming bacteria rather than something measured in the one study cited on this page. The only study cited on this page is a single randomized trial in Chinese children, published in 2023 as a letter rather than a full research paper, testing the CMCC63516 strain during antibiotic treatment. Its finding was conditional: whether the probiotic helped depended on the bacteria already present in the child's gut. The vancomycin work in C. difficile infection is not in this page's reference list, and there is no cited evidence for a broader gut benefit or for other strains such as SL-307. Diarrhea during or after antibiotics, and C. difficile infection, are medical problems that need a doctor's care.

Studied Dose Roughly 2-5 x 10^8 CFU per day (hundreds of millions, not billions) of the CMCC63516 strain. The single study cited here was in children, so this is not an established adult dose, and it does not carry over to other strains such as SL-307.
Active Compound Bacillus licheniformis spores (strains CMCC63516/Zhengchangsheng, SL-307); Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium.

Benefits

Trial in children on antibiotics (conditional result, reported as a letter)

A double-blind randomized trial in Chinese children, published in 2023 as a short letter rather than a full research paper, tested the CMCC63516 strain during antibiotic treatment. The result was conditional rather than a clean win: how much the probiotic helped depended on the mix of bacteria already in the child's gut, with three gut species (P. copri, B. coprocola and B. plebeius) linked to a better response. Limitations: one small study, reported in letter form, different antibiotics at different hospitals, and it was done in children being treated for a medical problem, not in healthy adults. This is the only study cited on this page.

CDI gut microbiota preservation

This refers to hospital research in people being treated with vancomycin for Clostridioides difficile infection, a serious gut infection. No study on that question is listed in this page's references, so it should be read as background rather than as evidence for this probiotic. C. difficile infection can be life threatening and is treated by doctors; a probiotic is not a treatment for it.

Spore form and shelf stability

Spore-forming probiotics are generally more resistant to heat, stomach acid and bile than common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium products, so they usually do not need refrigeration or a special coating. That is a convenience and storage point about spores in general. It says nothing about whether the probiotic produces a health benefit, and it was not tested in the one study cited here.

A review article, not a trial (and not cited here)

A review article is described as counting 68 published papers on Bacillus licheniformis, most of them about the digestive system. That review is not listed in this page's references, and a review summarizes other people's work rather than testing anything itself. Counting papers is not the same as showing a benefit, and it does not show that this probiotic treats enteritis, colitis or diarrhea.

Bacitracin antibiotic production

In the laboratory this species makes bacitracin, an antibiotic substance that acts on certain bacteria. Whether that translates into any change in the balance of bacteria in a person's gut has not been shown by the research cited on this page, and it is not a reason to expect the product to fight an infection.

Component of multi-strain spore probiotic blends

B. licheniformis SL-307 is one of several Bacillus strains used in multi-strain spore-based probiotic blends marketed for gut health and microbiome support. Blends typically combine 4-5 spore-forming Bacillus species for complementary mechanisms (carotenoid production, antimicrobial peptides, microbiome reconditioning). No study of SL-307 is cited on this page at all. The one study cited here used a different strain, CMCC63516, and probiotic results do not carry over from one strain to another.

Spore germination and colonization

Spores are thought to become active cells in the small intestine and then pass through, since Bacillus probiotics do not settle permanently in the gut. What those cells release on the way, and whether any of it matters for how a person feels, was not measured in the one study cited here.

Mechanism of action

1

Spore-form delivery (heat/acid/bile resistance)

The spore form is generally able to survive stomach acid, bile and heat, and stays stable at room temperature. This is a delivery and storage property of spores in general, not a proven health effect, and it was not tested in the cited study.

2

Bacitracin antibiotic production

This species can make bacitracin, an antibiotic substance, in laboratory conditions. That is an observation about the bacterium; no study cited here shows it produces an antimicrobial effect in a person's gut.

3

Microbiota modulation during dysbiosis

One proposed explanation is that the probiotic competes with unwanted bacteria while antibiotics disturb the gut. This is a theory put forward to explain the trial result in children, not something the cited research measured, and the C. difficile use has no citation on this page.

4

Spore germination + vegetative metabolite production

Spores are believed to become active cells in the small intestine and to pass through rather than take up residence. The substances they may release along the way, and any effect of those substances in people, were not measured in the cited study.

5

Anti-inflammatory effects

Anti-inflammatory effects are sometimes proposed for spore probiotics, but no study cited on this page measured inflammation, so this remains an untested idea here.

6

Baseline microbiome interaction (Zhou 2023 finding)

In the 2023 trial letter, how well the probiotic worked appeared to depend on which bacteria a child already carried, with three species linked to a better response. These are correlations from a single small study, so they cannot be used to predict who will respond.

Clinical trials

1
Randomized trial in children taking antibiotics (CMCC63516 strain, reported as a letter)

Double-blind randomized controlled trial in Chinese children, published in 2023 in Clinical and Translational Medicine as a letter, using the CMCC63516 strain (registration ChiCTR-IPR-16009033). This is the only study cited on this page.

Clinical population described in trial publication.

Zhou Q and colleagues, 2023, Clinical and Translational Medicine, published as a letter (doi:10.1002/ctm2.1184; registration ChiCTR-IPR-16009033). Children at several Chinese hospitals received the CMCC63516 strain or a control alongside antibiotics. The headline result was conditional: how much protection the probiotic gave depended on the child's baseline gut bacteria, with P. copri, B. coprocola and B. plebeius linked to a better response. Limitations: small sample, different antibiotics at different hospitals, letter-format reporting rather than a full paper, and children being treated for a medical problem rather than healthy adults.

2
Background only: C. difficile infection research (no study cited)

Refers to hospital research using the probiotic alongside vancomycin in people being treated for Clostridioides difficile infection. No such study is listed in this page's references, so it is background rather than evidence.

Clinical population described in trial publication.

No study is cited on this page for this. It refers to hospital research in patients treated with vancomycin for Clostridioides difficile infection, a serious gut infection that requires medical treatment. With no reference provided, it cannot be counted as evidence for this probiotic, and nothing here describes what the probiotic does for a healthy person.

3
Review article (not a clinical trial, not cited here)

A review article that counted 68 published papers. A review is not a clinical trial, and this one is not listed in this page's references.

Clinical population described in trial publication.

This is a review article that counted 68 published papers, most of them about the digestive system. A review is not a clinical trial: it summarizes work done by others and tests nothing itself. The review is not listed in this page's references, and it does not show that the probiotic treats enteritis, colitis or diarrhea.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

Generally well tolerated in the people studied, but the only trial cited here was in children, so the tolerability information on this page is limited.
Mild GI upset, bloating (rare; transient).
Pregnancy/lactation: limited specific data; consult physician.
Long-term safety: not established by any study cited here. The strain has been sold in China for years, but a history of sales is not the same as long-term safety testing.
Allergic reactions (rare).
Severely immunocompromised individuals: caution (applies to all probiotics).
Bacitracin allergies: theoretical caution (B. licheniformis produces bacitracin).

Important Drug interactions

Antibiotics: in the one cited trial, children took the probiotic while on antibiotics. Whether it survives any particular antibiotic has not been shown, so follow your doctor's advice on what to take and when.
Vancomycin: a hospital study of this combination is mentioned on this page but is not listed in the references, so treat it as unverified. Anyone being treated for C. difficile infection should follow their doctor's instructions.
Most medications: no interaction studies are cited on this page, so nothing can be said with confidence.
Immunosuppressants: caution (applies to all probiotics).
Other probiotics: compatible (often multi-strain formulations).
Anticoagulants: no interaction studies are cited on this page. No reported interactions is not the same as a demonstration that the combination is safe.

Frequently asked questions about Bacillus licheniformis (Standalone Probiotic)

What is Bacillus licheniformis used for?

It is a spore-forming probiotic. The only research cited on this page is a single randomized trial, published as a letter, in Chinese children taking antibiotics, using the CMCC63516 strain. Even in that study the benefit depended on the bacteria the child already had in the gut. There is no cited evidence for what it does in healthy adults.

How much B. licheniformis should I take?

There is no established dose. The strain that was studied, CMCC63516, was used at roughly 2-5 x 10^8 CFU per day (hundreds of millions) in children, which is lower than the billions of CFU printed on many probiotic labels. Follow the product's labeling and ask your doctor, especially for a child.

Can B. licheniformis help during antibiotics?

One trial gave the CMCC63516 strain to children alongside antibiotics and found that whether it helped depended on their baseline gut bacteria. That is a single small study in children reported as a letter, so it does not settle the question for adults. Diarrhea during or after antibiotics can become serious, so speak to your doctor rather than self-treating.

Is B. licheniformis safe?

It appears to be well tolerated, though the safety information on this page rests on one small trial in children. As with all live probiotics, people who are severely immunocompromised or critically ill should ask a doctor first.

What is Bacillus licheniformis?

Spore-forming Bacillus probiotic with bacitracin antibiotic production. Key strains: CMCC63516 (Zhengchangsheng, NorthEast Pharm — Chinese clinical use); SL-307 (component of multi-strain spore probiotic blends).

What is the recommended dosage of Bacillus licheniformis?

The clinically studied dose is Roughly 2-5 x 10^8 CFU per day (hundreds of millions, not billions) of the CMCC63516 strain. The single study cited here was in children, so this is not an established adult dose, and it does not carry over to other strains such as SL-307. Always follow the product label and check with a healthcare provider for personal advice.

Is Bacillus licheniformis safe, and does it have side effects?

For most healthy adults, Bacillus licheniformis is well tolerated at studied doses. Reported effects can include: Generally well tolerated in the people studied, but the only trial cited here was in children, so the tolerability information on this page is limited. Mild GI upset, bloating (rare; transient). It may also interact with some medications. Bacillus licheniformis is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Bacillus licheniformis interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: Antibiotics: in the one cited trial, children took the probiotic while on antibiotics. Whether it survives any particular antibiotic has not been shown, so follow your doctor's advice on what to take and when. If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Bacillus licheniformis?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Bacillus licheniformis as Preliminary (1 out of 5). It is backed by 3 clinical trials and 1 cited reference summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(1 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Zhou Q, Dai W, Bao Y, et al. Baseline gut microbiome impacts probiotics Bacillus licheniformis CMCC63516 in modulating the gut microbiome and preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Clin Transl Med. 2023;13(4):e1184..PubMedUsed to support: Double-blind randomized trial published as a letter. Its actual conclusion is conditional: the child's baseline gut microbiome determined how much the CMCC63516 strain reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Strain-specific and in children only.