Yohimbe / Yohimbine (Pausinystalia yohimbe)

Pausinystalia yohimbe
Evidence Level
Limited
2 Clinical Trials
3 Documented Benefits
2/5 Evidence Score

Yohimbe is the bark of a West African tree containing yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist that is sold in the United States as a prescription medicine (Yocon) for erectile dysfunction. Most of the human research on yohimbine is drug research in men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, which is a medical condition for a doctor rather than a supplement goal. The only other trial cited here gave 20 mg a day to 20 professional soccer players for 21 days: body fat fell, but the researchers reported no changes in body mass, muscle mass, or any exercise performance measure. However, yohimbine has a narrow therapeutic window, significant cardiovascular stimulant effects (elevated heart rate and blood pressure), and serious contraindications — making it one of the higher-risk products sold as a botanical supplement. Reported harms include high blood pressure, fast or irregular heartbeat, anxiety and panic attacks, insomnia, tremor and nausea, and serious and fatal outcomes have occurred in overdose. Yohimbe bark products are also notoriously inconsistent, with analyses repeatedly finding label amounts that do not match what is in the capsule, and several countries restrict or ban them. Do not use it without talking to a doctor first.

Studied Dose The only non-drug trial cited here used 20 mg a day of yohimbine for 21 days in 20 professional soccer players. The erectile dysfunction evidence comes from prescription yohimbine, which a doctor doses. This is a record of what was studied, not a dosing recommendation: yohimbe bark supplements often contain far more or far less yohimbine than the label states, so the amount you actually take is hard to predict.
Active Compound Yohimbine HCl (primary alkaloid, 1-3% of bark); pharmaceutical yohimbine hydrochloride tablets are a prescription medicine in the US; bark supplement content is often inconsistent, and analyses have repeatedly found amounts that do not match the label.

Benefits

Body fat: one small 21 day trial in athletes

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors are found in higher numbers in abdominal, hip and thigh fat, and blocking them is the proposed reason yohimbine might affect those areas. That is a laboratory explanation, not something the cited human research measured. The only human trial cited here gave 20 mg a day to 20 professional male soccer players for 21 days. Their body fat fell from 9.3 percent to 7.1 percent while placebo did not change, but the same paper reported no significant change in body mass or muscle mass. Twenty already lean male athletes over three weeks is a very small and very short study, and it says nothing about weight loss in ordinary adults.

What the erectile dysfunction drug research shows

Both meta-analyses cited on this page are prescription drug research in men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction: a 1998 review in the Journal of Urology and a 2021 review in the Turkish Journal of Urology. In the United States, yohimbine hydrochloride is a prescription medicine (Yocon) for that indication, and PDE5 inhibitors have largely replaced it. Erectile dysfunction is a medical condition that can be an early sign of heart disease or diabetes, so it needs a doctor rather than a bark supplement. Results from prescription drug trials also do not transfer to over the counter yohimbe products, whose yohimbine content varies widely.

Athletic performance: the cited trial found no effect

This is a proposed mechanism, not a measured result. The only exercise study cited on this page, in 20 professional soccer players taking 20 mg a day for 21 days, stated plainly that there were no changes in exercise performance indicators within or between the yohimbine and placebo groups. Claims that yohimbine improves focus, training drive or fat burning during fasted training are not supported by anything cited here.

Mechanism of action

1

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonism

Yohimbine competitively blocks alpha-2 adrenergic receptors on adipocytes — receptors that normally inhibit lipolysis when activated by catecholamines. Alpha-2 receptors are more concentrated in abdominal and thigh fat, so blocking them is the proposed reason yohimbine could affect those areas. This is laboratory and pharmacology reasoning, and the human trials cited here did not test it.

2

Presynaptic alpha-2 autoreceptor blockade

By blocking presynaptic alpha-2 autoreceptors on noradrenergic neurons, yohimbine reduces the normal feedback that limits norepinephrine release, which increases nervous system stimulation. This is also what drives its side effects, including raised blood pressure, fast heartbeat and anxiety.

3

Serotonin receptor modulation

Yohimbine is also a weak serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, which may contribute to the anxiety and agitation reported at higher doses.

Clinical trials

1
Yohimbine and Body Fat in 20 Professional Soccer Players (2006)
PubMed

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of yohimbine (20 mg a day) versus placebo in 20 professional male soccer players for 21 days, published in Research in Sports Medicine in 2006. The sample is very small and the study lasted only three weeks.

20 professional male soccer players, already lean. 21 day intervention. No women and no ordinary or overweight adults were studied.

Body fat percentage fell from 9.3 percent to 7.1 percent with yohimbine and did not change on placebo. The authors also reported no statistically significant changes in body mass or muscle mass, and no changes in exercise performance indicators within or between groups. The paper noted no side effects, but 20 people over 21 days is far too small and too short to detect the known cardiovascular risks of yohimbine.

2
Prescription Yohimbine for Erectile Dysfunction: Meta-Analyses in Patients
PubMed

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized trials of prescription yohimbine in men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (Journal of Urology 1998; Turkish Journal of Urology 2021).

Men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, a medical condition. No healthy men and no users of yohimbe bark supplements were studied.

These reviews found prescription yohimbine performed better than placebo in men being treated for erectile dysfunction. This is drug research for a medical condition, not a benefit claim for a supplement, and it shows nothing about libido, energy or fat loss in healthy people. Anyone with erectile dysfunction should see a doctor, since it can be an early warning sign of heart disease or diabetes. PDE5 inhibitors have largely replaced yohimbine.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

Stimulant effects: raised blood pressure, fast heartbeat, irregular heart rhythm, palpitations and tremor. Serious and fatal outcomes have occurred in overdose.
Anxiety, panic attacks and agitation, especially in people who are prone to anxiety
Insomnia — do not take in the evening
Nausea and vomiting
Should be avoided by anyone with heart disease, high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, an anxiety or panic disorder, bipolar disorder, kidney or liver disease, and during pregnancy. Because yohimbe bark products often do not contain what the label says, the dose you actually take can be unpredictable, and several countries restrict or ban them.

Important Drug interactions

Antidepressants (MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs) — serious and potentially dangerous interactions; never combine with MAO inhibitors, and do not combine with tricyclics, SSRIs or SNRIs without a doctor's guidance
Antihypertensive medications — yohimbine raises blood pressure; directly counteracts antihypertensives; dangerous combination
Stimulant medications (ADHD drugs, ephedrine, caffeine) — severe additive cardiovascular stimulant effects; avoid combining
Clonidine — yohimbine is a direct pharmacological antagonist of clonidine (alpha-2 agonist); completely blocks clonidine's effects

Frequently asked questions about Yohimbe / Yohimbine (Pausinystalia yohimbe)

What is yohimbe used for?

Yohimbe is a bark extract (its active compound is yohimbine) sold for libido and fat loss. Its human research is mostly prescription drug research in men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, plus one 21 day trial in 20 soccer players in which body fat fell but muscle mass and exercise performance did not change. It strongly stimulates the nervous system, and it is one of the riskier products sold as a supplement.

Does yohimbe help with erectile dysfunction?

Prescription yohimbine has been studied in men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction and performed better than placebo in those trials, but that is drug research for a medical condition. Erectile dysfunction can be an early sign of heart disease or diabetes, so it should be checked by a doctor rather than self treated with a bark supplement, whose yohimbine content is inconsistent and whose side effects are common.

How much yohimbe should I take?

Doses vary, and supplement yohimbine content is often inconsistent or mislabeled, which is a real safety problem. Because of the effects on heart rate, heart rhythm and blood pressure, it should not be taken without speaking to a doctor first, and the prescription form is dosed by a doctor.

Is yohimbe safe?

Yohimbe carries real risks: it can raise blood pressure, speed up or disturb heart rhythm, and cause anxiety, panic attacks, insomnia, tremor and nausea, and serious and fatal outcomes have been reported in overdose. A trial that reported no side effects in 20 men over 21 days is far too small to show that it is safe. Those with heart conditions, high blood pressure, or anxiety should avoid it, and it interacts with many medications. Consult a doctor.

What is Yohimbe / Yohimbine?

Yohimbe is the bark of a West African tree containing yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist that is sold in the United States as a prescription medicine (Yocon) for erectile dysfunction.

What is Yohimbe / Yohimbine used for?

Yohimbe / Yohimbine is researched primarily for Weight Management and Libido Support. Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors are found in higher numbers in abdominal, hip and thigh fat, and blocking them is the proposed reason yohimbine might affect those areas.

What is the recommended dosage of Yohimbe / Yohimbine?

The clinically studied dose is The only non-drug trial cited here used 20 mg a day of yohimbine for 21 days in 20 professional soccer players. The erectile dysfunction evidence comes from prescription yohimbine, which a doctor doses. Always follow the product label and check with a healthcare provider for personal advice.

Is Yohimbe / Yohimbine safe, and does it have side effects?

For most healthy adults, Yohimbe / Yohimbine is well tolerated at studied doses. Reported effects can include: Stimulant effects: raised blood pressure, fast heartbeat, irregular heart rhythm, palpitations and tremor. Serious and fatal outcomes have occurred in overdose. Anxiety, panic attacks and agitation, especially in people who are prone to anxiety It may also interact with some medications. Yohimbe / Yohimbine is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Yohimbe / Yohimbine interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: Antidepressants (MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs) — serious and potentially dangerous interactions; never combine with MAO inhibitors, and do not combine with tricyclics, SSRIs or SNRIs without a doctor's guidance Antihypertensive medications — yohimbine raises blood pressure; directly… If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Yohimbe / Yohimbine?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Yohimbe / Yohimbine as Limited (2 out of 5). It is backed by 2 clinical trials and 1 cited reference summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(1 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Ernst E, Pittler MH. Yohimbine for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Urol. 1998;159(2):433-6..PubMedUsed to support: Meta-analysis of prescription yohimbine trials in men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, a medical condition. This is drug indication evidence, not a supplement benefit.