Home Ingredients TamaFlex® (Tamarind Seed and Turmeric Extract Blend)
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TamaFlex® (Tamarind Seed and Turmeric Extract Blend)

Tamarindus indica, Curcuma longa
Evidence Level
Limited
4 Clinical Trials
5 Documented Benefits
2/5 Evidence Score

TamaFlex® (code NXT15906F6) is a branded blend of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed extract and turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome extract, combined 6 parts to 3 parts with 1 part excipients and standardized to at least 65 percent proanthocyanidins and 3 percent total curcuminoids. It is made by Laila Nutraceuticals in India and sold to supplement brands in the US by NXT USA. Three placebo-controlled trials in India, all funded by NXT USA with a partner company, tested 250 mg a day: two in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (56 and 30 days) and one in active adults without arthritis who had knee discomfort after walking (90 days, also 400 mg). Each reported less knee pain and better function scores than placebo, with large effects that no independent group has yet checked. A 250 mg dose holds about 7.5 mg of curcuminoids, far less than typical curcumin products.

Studied Dose 250 mg a day in all three human trials (once daily after breakfast for 30 or 56 days, or split as 125 mg twice daily for 90 days); one trial also tested 400 mg a day (200 mg twice daily) for 90 days.
Active Compound Tamarind seed extract (ethanol and water extracts) and turmeric rhizome extract (ethanol extract) in a 6:3:1 ratio with excipients (microcrystalline cellulose and silica), standardized to at least 65 percent proanthocyanidins and at least 3 percent total curcuminoids.

Benefits

Knee joint comfort and physical function

In two placebo-controlled trials in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis, 250 mg a day improved total WOMAC scores (pain, stiffness and function) more than placebo, over 56 days in 90 adults and over 30 days in 150 adults. Both trials were funded by the companies that sell the blend, and the effects were large for a joint supplement.

Supported by Trial 2, Trial 3

Knee comfort and walking distance after exertion

In a 90-day placebo-controlled trial in 90 active adults with no arthritis on X-ray who felt knee discomfort after a 6-minute walk, 250 mg or 400 mg a day increased six-minute walk distance more than placebo (the main outcome), and also improved stair-climb time and knee pain scores. The trial was funded by the seller.

Supported by Trial 1, Trial 2

Joint stiffness and knee range of motion

WOMAC stiffness scores fell more than with placebo in both knee osteoarthritis trials, and knee flexion (how far the knee bends) improved more than placebo in all three human trials. These are questionnaire and range-of-motion measures from small, seller-funded trials.

Supported by Trial 2, Trial 3

Blood markers of inflammation

In the two knee osteoarthritis trials, 250 mg a day lowered high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in blood more than placebo, and in the 56-day trial it also lowered TNF-alpha. These are blood markers, not health outcomes, and they come from small seller-funded trials.

Supported by Trial 2, Trial 3

A cartilage breakdown marker in urine

Both knee osteoarthritis trials reported lower urinary CTX-II, a fragment released when type II collagen in cartilage breaks down, than placebo, and the 56-day trial also reported lower serum MMP-3. These are laboratory markers; no trial imaged the joint or showed that the blend protects cartilage.

Supported by Trial 2, Trial 3

Mechanism of action

1

Inflammatory signaling (animal work)

In rats with chemically induced knee joint damage, the blend lowered serum TNF-alpha and nitrite, reduced COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in joint tissue, and reduced NF-kB staining. In horses with lameness it lowered several inflammatory markers. These steps have not been measured in human joint tissue.

2

Cartilage enzymes (animal work)

In the same rat study, the blend lowered gene activity for the cartilage-degrading enzymes MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13 and raised type II collagen gene activity, and joint structure looked better preserved under the microscope. A separate study of tamarind seed extract alone in arthritic animals reported similar enzyme effects.

3

Two polyphenol sources

The blend is standardized mainly to proanthocyanidins from tamarind seed, with a small amount of curcuminoids from turmeric. The maker describes the pairing as synergistic, but no published human study has compared the blend with either extract alone, so the role of each part is unknown.

Clinical trials

1
TamaFlex in active adults with knee discomfort after exertion: 90-day placebo-controlled trial
PubMed

Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of NXT15906F6 250 mg or 400 mg a day (taken as two capsules) for 90 days at two hospitals in Andhra Pradesh, India; primary outcome was change in six-minute walk distance. Registered as CTRI/2016/02/006682. Funded by NXT CAP, Ltd (Cyprus) and NXT USA, Inc.; no author was listed at Laila Nutraceuticals, and the authors declared no competing interests. (Rao et al. 2019, Int J Med Sci)

90 physically active adults aged 35 to 70 (45 men, 45 women) with no arthritis on X-ray and mild to moderate knee pain after a six-minute walk; 89 finished.

Six-minute walk distance rose by 29.2 m on 250 mg and 41.8 m on 400 mg, versus 5.6 m on placebo (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001). Stair-climb time, VAS knee pain, WOMAC scores and knee flexion also improved more than placebo by day 90; stair-climb time, VAS and WOMAC scores already differed from placebo at day 14, but knee flexion on 250 mg did not (p = 0.22). Adverse events such as cold, cough and fever were reported by 9 people on placebo, 4 on 250 mg and 2 on 400 mg; laboratory tests stayed in the normal range.

2
TamaFlex and TamaFlex plus in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: 56-day placebo-controlled trial
PubMed

Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of NXT15906F6 250 mg a day, NXT19185 300 mg a day (the same blend plus mangosteen rind extract) or placebo for 56 days at a government hospital in Srikakulam, India; primary outcome was the WOMAC score. Registered as CTRI/2019/10/021691. Funded by Bohan & Co. (Norway) and NXT USA, Inc.; the study product was made at Laila Nutraceuticals, no author was listed at Laila, and the authors declared no conflicts of interest. (Kare et al. 2022, Evid Based Complement Alternat Med)

90 adults aged 40 to 70 with knee osteoarthritis of Kellgren-Lawrence grade II or III and moderate knee pain (30 per group); 81 finished.

On 250 mg of TamaFlex, total WOMAC scores fell 41.9 percent from baseline and were 36.1 percent lower than placebo at day 56 (P < 0.05); placebo scores fell 9.2 percent. VAS pain, Lequesne index, walk distance, stair-climb time and knee range of motion also improved more than placebo. Serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, hs-CRP and MMP-3 and urinary CTX-II were lower than placebo. Two people on TamaFlex reported nausea or mild fever and four on placebo had minor events.

3
TamaFlex versus a turmeric and boswellia blend in adults with knee osteoarthritis: 30-day placebo-controlled trial
PubMed

Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of NXT15906F6 250 mg a day, a curcumin and boswellia blend 1,000 mg a day, or placebo for 30 days at two hospitals in Varanasi, India; primary outcome was the total WOMAC score. Registered as CTRI/2021/12/039022. Funded by Bohan & Co. (Norway) and NXT USA, Inc.; no author was listed at Laila Nutraceuticals, and the authors declared no conflict of interest. (Prasad et al. 2023, Food Nutr Res)

150 adults aged 40 to 70 with knee osteoarthritis of Kellgren-Lawrence grade II (50 per group); 135 finished.

Total WOMAC scores on TamaFlex fell 30.2 percent from baseline by day 30 and the difference from placebo was significant (P < 0.001) from day 5. WOMAC pain fell by 18.5 points versus 7.6 on placebo, and stiffness and function also improved more than placebo. Serum hs-CRP and urinary CTX-II fell more than placebo. The comparator curcumin and boswellia blend (two thirds turmeric extract at about 95 percent curcuminoids) beat placebo on total WOMAC (P = 0.031), knee flexion and hs-CRP at day 30, but not on the WOMAC pain, stiffness or function subscales. No adverse events were reported.

4
TamaFlex in working horses with lameness: 12-week placebo-controlled trial (animal study)
PubMed

Randomized blinded placebo-controlled single-center veterinary trial of NXT15906F6 2.5 g a day for 84 days; primary endpoint was improvement in lameness grade. Three of the four authors were employees of Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center. (Jain et al. 2022, Vet Med Sci)

22 working horses with lameness of grade 2 to 4 on the American Association of Equine Practitioners scale.

The authors reported significant, time-dependent relief from lameness compared with placebo and lower ANA, PGE2, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6. This is an animal study and does not show an effect in people; it is listed here because it is a controlled trial of the blend itself.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

In the three human trials (30 to 90 days), side effects were few and minor, such as nausea, mild fever, cold or cough, and were no more common than on placebo; blood chemistry, blood counts and urine tests stayed in the normal range. Longer-term safety in people is unknown.
Liver: turmeric and curcumin supplements are an established and growing cause of drug induced liver injury. A US liver injury network reported ten turmeric associated cases between 2004 and 2022, most in women, including one death from acute liver failure, and Italian regulators acted after 28 reports of acute hepatitis linked to turmeric supplements in early 2019. No liver injury has been reported with this blend, which supplies about 7.5 mg of curcuminoids a day, but how the risk relates to dose is not known. Stop the supplement and seek medical care if you develop jaundice, dark urine, persistent nausea, unusual fatigue or right upper abdominal pain.
Gallbladder: in a small crossover study in healthy volunteers, a single 20 mg dose of curcumin made the gallbladder contract more than placebo, so people with gallstones or bile duct problems should ask a doctor first.
Digestive upset: the US National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health lists nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, stomach upset, diarrhea and constipation among the side effects of oral turmeric.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: the trials excluded pregnant women, and NCCIH says turmeric supplements during pregnancy may be unsafe; safety of this blend in pregnancy or breastfeeding has not been studied.

Important Drug interactions

No drug interaction studies of this blend have been published.
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel): no study cited on this page measured this interaction; NCCIH advises talking with a health care provider before combining herbs with medicines, and stopping turmeric products before surgery should be discussed with the surgical team.
Pain relievers (NSAIDs such as ibuprofen): the trials did not allow regular pain medicine, so the blend has not been tested alongside them. Tamarind fruit extract raised ibuprofen and aspirin absorption in small studies; whether the seed extract in this blend does the same has not been tested. Do not change a prescribed dose on your own.
Diabetes medicines: in pooled placebo-controlled trials, curcumin lowered fasting blood glucose in people with some degree of dysglycemia; this blend has not been tested for blood sugar, so check readings if you take glucose-lowering drugs.

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Frequently asked questions about TamaFlex® (Tamarind Seed and Turmeric Extract Blend)

What is TamaFlex?

TamaFlex is a branded ingredient that combines tamarind seed extract and turmeric extract (6 parts to 3 parts, plus 1 part excipients), standardized to at least 65 percent proanthocyanidins and 3 percent curcuminoids. It is made by Laila Nutraceuticals in India and sold to supplement brands in the US by NXT USA, and it appears in a number of joint products.

How much TamaFlex was used in studies?

All three human trials used 250 mg a day, for 30, 56 or 90 days, and one also tested 400 mg a day for 90 days. Check the label of a finished product, since some products combine TamaFlex with other ingredients or use a different amount.

How strong is the evidence for knee comfort?

Three randomized placebo-controlled trials, in 90, 90 and 150 adults, each reported less knee pain and better function than placebo. All three were short, run in India and funded by the companies that sell the blend, and the effects were larger than usual for joint supplements, so an independent trial would help confirm them.

Is TamaFlex the same as taking turmeric or curcumin?

No. Most of the blend is tamarind seed extract, and a 250 mg dose supplies about 7.5 mg of curcuminoids (3 percent, the standardized minimum), far less than the roughly 1,000 mg a day used in curcumin joint trials. Results from curcumin products do not transfer to this blend, or the other way round. Turmeric supplement safety cautions, including the rare reports of liver injury, still apply.

What is TamaFlex used for?

TamaFlex is researched primarily for Joint Health and Anti-Inflammatory. In two placebo-controlled trials in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis, 250 mg a day improved total WOMAC scores (pain, stiffness and function) more than placebo, over 56 days in 90 adults and over 30 days in 150 adults.

Is TamaFlex safe, and does it have side effects?

Side effects and cautions reported for TamaFlex include: In the three human trials (30 to 90 days), side effects were few and minor, such as nausea, mild fever, cold or cough, and were no more common than on placebo; blood chemistry, blood counts and urine tests stayed in the normal range. Longer-term safety in people is unknown. It may also interact with some medications. TamaFlex is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does TamaFlex interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: No drug interaction studies of this blend have been published. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel): no study cited on this page measured this interaction; NCCIH advises talking with a health care provider before combining herbs with medicines, a… If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for TamaFlex?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for TamaFlex as Limited (2 out of 5). It is backed by 4 study summaries and 15 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(15 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Rao PS, Ramanjaneyulu YS, Prisk VR, Schurgers LJ. A Combination of Tamarindus indica seeds and Curcuma longa Rhizome Extracts Improves Knee Joint Function and Alleviates Pain in Non-Arthritic Adults Following Physical Activity. Int J Med Sci. 2019;16(6):845-853. doi: 10.7150/ijms.32505.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 90-day trial (CTRI/2016/02/006682) in 90 active adults without arthritis on X-ray who had knee discomfort after a six-minute walk: NXT15906F6 250 mg and 400 mg a day increased six-minute walk distance (the primary outcome) and improved stair-climb time, pain, WOMAC and knee flexion scores more than placebo. Describes the 6:3:1 composition and standardization (at least 65 percent proanthocyanidins and 3 percent curcuminoids). Funded by NXT CAP, Ltd and NXT USA, Inc. Supports the exertion and walking benefit, the stiffness and range of motion benefit, and the composition.
  2. Kare SK, Vinay V, Maresz K, Prisk V, Vik H. Tamarindus indica Seed Extract-Based Botanical Compositions Alleviate Knee Pain and Improve Joint Function in Mild-to-Moderate Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022;2022:2226139. doi: 10.1155/2022/2226139.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 56-day trial (CTRI/2019/10/021691) in 90 adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: NXT15906F6 250 mg a day and NXT19185 300 mg a day improved WOMAC scores (the primary outcome), pain, function and knee range of motion more than placebo and lowered serum TNF-alpha, hs-CRP and MMP-3 and urinary CTX-II. States the product was made at Laila Nutraceuticals; funded by Bohan & Co. and NXT USA, Inc. Supports the knee comfort, stiffness, inflammation marker and cartilage marker benefits and the maker.
  3. Prasad N, Vinay V, Srivastava A. Efficacy of a proprietary combination of Tamarindus indica seeds and Curcuma longa rhizome extracts in osteoarthritis: a clinical investigation. Food Nutr Res. 2023;67. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9268.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 30-day trial (CTRI/2021/12/039022) in 150 adults with knee osteoarthritis grade II: NXT15906F6 250 mg a day reduced total WOMAC scores (the primary outcome) more than placebo from day 5 and lowered serum hs-CRP and urinary CTX-II, while a 1,000 mg curcumin and boswellia blend beat placebo on total WOMAC (P = 0.031), knee flexion and hs-CRP at day 30 but not on the WOMAC pain, stiffness or function subscales. No adverse events were reported. Funded by Bohan & Co. and NXT USA, Inc. Supports the knee comfort, stiffness, inflammation marker and cartilage marker benefits.
  4. Kwon SB, Chinta G, Kundimi S, Kim S, Cho YD, Kim SK, Ju JY, Sengupta K. A Blend of Tamarindus Indica and Curcuma Longa Extracts Alleviates Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA)-Induced Osteoarthritic Pain and Joint Inflammation in Rats. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2024;43(1):48-58. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2209880.PubMedUsed to support: Rat study (animal work) by researchers at Kolmar BNH and the Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center: oral NXT15906F6 for 28 days after chemically induced knee joint damage improved weight bearing, lowered serum TNF-alpha and nitrite, lowered MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13 and raised type II collagen gene activity in cartilage, and reduced COX-2, iNOS and NF-kB in joint tissue. Supports the mechanism descriptions only.
  5. Jain S, Patil SG, Chinta G, Alluri KV. TamaFlex™-A novel nutraceutical blend improves lameness and joint functions in working horses. Vet Med Sci. 2022;8(5):1936-1945. doi: 10.1002/vms3.894.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized blinded placebo-controlled 84-day trial in 22 lame working horses: NXT15906F6 2.5 g a day reduced lameness and lowered several inflammatory markers. Describes the blend as tamarind seed and turmeric extracts in a 2:1 ratio. Three authors were Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center employees. Animal study; supports the mechanism description and the ratio, not any human benefit.
  6. Sundaram MS, Hemshekhar M, Santhosh MS, Paul M, Sunitha K, Thushara RM, NaveenKumar SK, Naveen S, Devaraja S, Rangappa KS, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Tamarind Seed (Tamarindus indica) Extract Ameliorates Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis via Regulating the Mediators of Cartilage/Bone Degeneration, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11117. doi: 10.1038/srep11117.PubMedUsed to support: Animal study of a tamarind seed extract (not this blend) in adjuvant-induced arthritis: the extract lowered cartilage and bone degrading enzymes (MMPs, hyaluronidase, cathepsins), inflammatory mediators (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-23, COX-2) and oxidative stress markers. Other-product reference; supports the cartilage enzyme mechanism as animal work only.
  7. Daily JW, Yang M, Park S. Efficacy of Turmeric Extracts and Curcumin for Alleviating the Symptoms of Joint Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Med Food. 2016;19(8):717-29. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3705.PubMedUsed to support: Meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials of turmeric extracts or curcumin (about 1,000 mg a day of curcumin) for joint arthritis symptoms, reporting reduced pain and improved function; the authors judged the number of trials, sample size and quality not sufficient for definitive conclusions, and the lead author is listed at a supplement manufacturer (Daily Manufacturing). Other-product reference: it does not include any trial of this blend, and it is cited only to show that turmeric extract joint trials used far higher curcuminoid doses.
  8. Halegoua-DeMarzio D, Navarro V, Ahmad J, Avula B, Barnhart H, Barritt AS, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana RJ, Ghabril MS, Hoofnagle JH, Khan IA, Kleiner DE, Phillips E, Stolz A, Vuppalanchi R. Liver Injury Associated with Turmeric-A Growing Problem: Ten Cases from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [DILIN]. Am J Med. 2023;136(2):200-206. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.09.026.PubMedUsed to support: Ten cases of liver injury attributed to turmeric supplements, collected by a national United States injury network between 2004 and 2022; nine of the ten showed a hepatocellular pattern, eight were women, one patient died of acute liver failure, and seven of the ten carried the HLA-B*35:01 immune gene variant. Chemical analysis confirmed turmeric in all seven products tested and found black pepper compounds in three of them. Limitation: this is a case series, not a trial, so it cannot give a rate of injury per user, but it establishes that turmeric supplements can cause serious and occasionally fatal liver damage.
  9. Menniti-Ippolito F, Ippoliti I, Pastorelli AA, Altieri I, Scalise F, De Santis B, Debegnach F, Brera C, Pacifici R, Pichini S, Pellegrini M, Rotolo MC, Graziano S, Palazzino G, Multari G, Gallo FR, Neri B, Giannetti L, Russo K, Fedrizzi G, Bonan S, Mazzanti G, Moro PA, Salvi E, Firenzuoli F, Valeri A, Moretti U, Traversa G, Silano M, Stacchini P, Boniglia C. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) food supplements and hepatotoxicity: an integrated evaluation approach. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2020;56(4):462-469. doi: 10.4415/ANN_20_04_08.PubMedUsed to support: Report from the Italian national health institute on a cluster of 28 spontaneous reports of acute hepatitis, mostly with cholestasis, linked to turmeric food supplements and sent to the Italian Phytovigilance system in the first six months of 2019; in all but one the causal link was rated at least possible, the products were tested for contaminants, and regulators intervened. Limitation: spontaneous reports cannot give a rate of injury per user.
  10. Rasyid A, Lelo A. The effect of curcumin and placebo on human gall-bladder function: an ultrasound study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13(2):245-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00464.x.PubMedUsed to support: A randomized, double blind crossover study in 12 healthy volunteers: a single 20 mg dose of curcumin reduced gallbladder volume on ultrasound by about 12 to 29 percent over two hours, significantly more than placebo, showing that curcumin makes the gallbladder contract. Cited for the gallbladder caution; a small single dose study.
  11. de Melo ISV, Dos Santos AF, Bueno NB. Curcumin or combined curcuminoids are effective in lowering the fasting blood glucose concentrations of individuals with dysglycemia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res. 2018;128:137-144. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.010.PubMedUsed to support: Meta-analysis of 11 placebo-controlled trials of turmeric extract, curcuminoids or curcumin (4 weeks or longer): supplementation lowered fasting blood glucose by 8.88 mg/dL overall, with the effect seen in people with some degree of dysglycemia but not in non-diabetic people; heterogeneity was high and there was evidence of publication bias. Other-product reference (no trial of this blend); supports the diabetes-medicine caution.
  12. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Turmeric. NCCIH Health Information (nccih.nih.gov). 2025;Last updated April 2025..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed indexed. A US government fact sheet stating that oral turmeric can cause nausea and vomiting, acid reflux, stomach upset, diarrhea or constipation, that liver damage has been reported in some people taking curcumin products with increased bioavailability, that the use of turmeric supplements during pregnancy may be unsafe, and advising people who take any medicine to talk with a health care provider before using herbal products. Cited for the digestive side effects, the liver caution and the medicines advice.
  13. NXT USA, Inc. (accessed 2026). TamaFlex®. NXT USA product page (nxt-usa.com). 2026;Web page, accessed October 2026..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed indexed. The US seller's product page, which presents TamaFlex as an ingredient sold by NXT USA to supplement brands and lists finished products that contain it. Supports the statement that NXT USA sells the ingredient in the US; it is not evidence of any health effect.
  14. Garba M, Yakasai IA, Bakare MT, Munir HY. Effect of Tamarindus indica. L on the bioavailability of ibuprofen in healthy human volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2003;28(3):179-84. doi: 10.1007/BF03190483.PubMedUsed to support: Pharmacokinetic study in 6 healthy volunteers: a meal containing tamarind fruit extract significantly raised ibuprofen absorption (area under the curve roughly doubled) compared with the drug taken fasting or with a plain meal. Other-product reference: fruit extract, not the seed extract in this blend. Supports the pain reliever caution.
  15. Mustapha A, Yakasai IA, Aguye IA. Effect of Tamarindus indica L. on the bioavailability of aspirin in healthy human volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1996;21(3):223-6. doi: 10.1007/BF03189717.PubMedUsed to support: Pharmacokinetic study in 6 healthy volunteers: a meal containing tamarind fruit extract increased blood levels of aspirin and salicylic acid compared with aspirin taken fasting or with a plain meal. Other-product reference: fruit extract, not the seed extract in this blend. Supports the pain reliever caution.