Benefits
Immune defense
Bovine lactoferrin has been studied as an immune-supporting glycoprotein. The clearest infection-reduction trial cited here (Manzoni 2014) was in high-risk preterm infants for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, so infection-related benefits in adults are extrapolated from the broader lactoferrin research base rather than from a Prodiet-brand adult trial.
Iron balance
Lactoferrin binds and helps regulate iron, supporting healthy iron status and limiting iron available to harmful microbes.
Gut health
By binding iron and acting on microbes, lactoferrin supports a healthier balance of gut bacteria and a strong intestinal barrier.
Mechanism of action
Iron sequestration
Lactoferrin binds free iron, starving harmful bacteria of the iron they need to grow while supporting the body's own iron handling.
Immunomodulation
Lactoferrin interacts with immune cells and microbial surfaces, providing antimicrobial, antiviral, and immune-supporting activity.
Clinical trials
Randomized clinical trial of bovine lactoferrin for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis and infection in very-low-birth-weight (preterm) neonates. (Manzoni et al. 2014, Early Human Development)
Very-low-birth-weight preterm neonates (a NEC-prevention setting, not adults).
Bovine lactoferrin reduced late-onset sepsis and NEC versus placebo in preterm infants; this supports lactoferrin's immune activity but was observed in neonates, so it does not directly demonstrate adult immune benefit.