Benefits
Dark facial patches in women also using sunscreen (the LingonMax study)
In 42 women with melasma who all applied sunscreen, those who also took 100 mg a day of LingonMax for 60 days had lower pigment intensity on standardized photos than at the start, and their quality of life scores improved, while sunscreen alone changed neither significantly. No placebo capsule was used and no direct test between the groups was reported.
Skin measures in the maker's 8 week patent test
BGG's patent describes 39 women taking 150 mg a day of one of three lingonberry extracts for 8 weeks. With the extract matching LingonMax's stated composition, spot area, wrinkle grade, skin color and water content scores improved from the start. There was no placebo or untreated group, group sizes were not given, and the results were not published in a journal.
Skin elasticity with a different lingonberry and amla drink
In a 12 week placebo-controlled trial run by researchers at a cosmetics company, 99 healthy women drank 25 or 50 mg of a lingonberry extract combined with amla extract each day. Skin elasticity, thickness, water content and eye wrinkles improved with dose. This was a different product with a second plant, so it does not show what LingonMax does.
Insulin response to bread or sugar eaten with whole lingonberries
In randomized crossover meal tests in healthy women, 150 g of lingonberry puree eaten with white bread lowered the insulin response, and lingonberries eaten with 35 g of sugar gave a flatter glucose and insulin curve than sugar alone. These were whole berries in food amounts, not a 150 mg extract.
Antioxidant measures in people eating berries (not LingonMax)
Men aged about 60 who ate 100 g a day of bilberries, lingonberries or blackcurrants for 8 weeks had higher blood vitamin C, but changes in LDL oxidation and blood antioxidant capacity were not significant. A 5 week multi-berry drink with some lingonberry lowered LDL cholesterol versus a control drink but did not change oxidative stress markers.
Test tube antioxidant scores and pigment enzyme tests
An ORAC score of 16,000 is quoted for the extract, and the maker's patent reports that it slowed the pigment enzyme tyrosinase in mouse pigment cells about as much as arbutin, and more at the highest level tested. These are laboratory results. The USDA withdrew its ORAC database in 2012, saying such values have no relevance to effects on human health.
Composition note: stated polyphenol levels
This is a composition note, not a health benefit. BGG states levels of resveratrol, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, and its patent describes adding a resveratrol-rich fraction taken from the fruit residue. No independent analysis of the content has been published, and no study has linked these levels to an outcome in people.
Mechanism of action
Tyrosinase inhibition (melanin synthesis)
Tyrosinase drives melanin production. In BGG's patent, the extract slowed tyrosinase in mouse B16 pigment cells about as much as arbutin at most concentrations and more at the highest, and at the two highest concentrations tested lowered melanin content in those cells more than arbutin did. These are cell results; whether this explains the skin findings in people is untested.
Inflammatory and reactive oxygen signals in cultured cells
In a test tube study, lingonberry polyphenol fractions lowered reactive oxygen species in fat cells and reduced expression of inflammatory genes such as IL-6 and IL-1 beta in human blood vessel lining cells. No people and no skin cells were involved.
Slower sugar digestion with whole berries
When lingonberries were eaten with sugar, glucose and insulin rose less in the first 30 minutes and declined more slowly later, which the researchers read as slower digestion and absorption of the sugar. That was shown with 150 g of whole berries, not with a concentrated extract.
Clinical trials
Randomized, comparative, single-center study described as double-blind; the comparison group used sunscreen only and took no placebo capsule; the paper names LingonMax in its discussion and gives a dose of 100 mg a day; each group was compared with its own baseline and no direct between-group test was reported; no funding and no conflicts declared; journal not PubMed-indexed (Moura et al. 2016, Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology)
42 Brazilian women aged 30 to 55 with facial melasma, 21 per group, of whom 38 finished (20 lingonberry, 18 sunscreen only). All applied SPF 100 sunscreen three times a day, and one group also took the extract for 60 days.
Pigment intensity on standardized dermatoscope photos fell from baseline in the lingonberry group (p = 0.01) and did not change with sunscreen alone. Quality of life scores improved from 40.6 to 33.2 with lingonberry (p = 0.002) and went from 39.5 to 38.4 with sunscreen alone (p = 0.058). Dermatologists rated 80% versus 30% as improved. No adverse effects were observed.