Home Ingredients Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause
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Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause

Humulus lupulus L. (female cones)
Evidence Level
Limited
1 Clinical Trial
5 Documented Benefits
2/5 Evidence Score

Hop extract from Humulus lupulus is studied for menopausal symptoms because it uniquely contains 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), one of the most potent naturally occurring phytoestrogens identified. Standardized hop extracts for menopause come from the female cones (strobiles), where 8-PN concentrates. In the two published menopause RCTs the dose was 100 to 250 mcg of 8-PN per day, with 100 mcg the more effective dose. Those small placebo-controlled trials (67 and 36 women) ran 12 to 16 weeks using the Kupperman Index, Menopause Rating Scale and visual analogue scales. The benefit was borderline: the 100 mcg dose beat placebo at 6 weeks but not at 12 weeks in one trial, and the other showed no significant overall difference from placebo. 8-PN is more potent in the lab than other supplemented phytoestrogens, but the human evidence is weaker and the dose delivered by supplements is small. Estrogen-sensitive conditions are a contraindication.

Studied Dose 100 to 250 mcg 8-PN per day (100 mcg was the more effective dose in both symptom RCTs), delivered in roughly 100 to 200 mg of standardized hop extract.
Active Compound Humulus lupulus (hop) female cone extract; key bioactive 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN). Also 6-prenylnaringenin, xanthohumol, humulones, lupulones.

Benefits

Menopausal hot flash support

Two small placebo-controlled RCTs of a standardized hop extract (100 to 250 mcg 8-PN per day) reported reductions in Kupperman Index and hot flash scores, but the effect was borderline. In the larger trial (67 women) the 100 mcg dose beat placebo at 6 weeks but not at 12 weeks; in the cross-over trial (36 women) the overall analysis showed no significant difference from placebo. Any benefit is well below hormone replacement therapy.

Supported by Trial 1

Menopausal symptom scale changes (Kupperman, MRS)

The two RCTs used multi-domain menopausal scales, the modified Kupperman Index, the Menopause Rating Scale and visual analogue scales, not the Greene Climacteric Scale or MENQOL. Improvements over placebo were small and not consistent across timepoints, and in the cross-over trial the overall difference from placebo was not significant.

Supported by Trial 1

High-affinity phytoestrogen activity (8-PN)

8-prenylnaringenin binds estrogen receptors (particularly ERα) with affinity reported as orders of magnitude higher than soy isoflavones or red clover phytoestrogens. This higher per-mg potency means the trialled doses were in the mcg range rather than the gram range used for soy isoflavones, though the human trials of these mcg doses showed only borderline benefit.

Supported by Trial 1

Calming and sleep-supportive traditional use

Beyond menopause applications, hops have traditional use as a calming herb for sleep and anxiety, typically combined with valerian. Mechanism likely involves GABAergic activity from non-8-PN compounds. Relevant in menopause context where sleep disruption is common.

Supported by Trial 1

Bone mineral density (one-year trial)

One 48-week manufacturer-funded RCT in 100 postmenopausal women with osteopenia (all also taking calcium and vitamin D) added an 8-PN standardized hop extract or placebo. Total body bone mineral density rose versus baseline in the hop group, but the difference versus placebo was not significant (about 1.0 percent, p=0.08). On this primary between-group comparison the trial was null, so a human bone benefit is not established.

Supported by Trial 1

Mechanism of action

1

Estrogen receptor agonism

8-prenylnaringenin binds and activates estrogen receptors, with particularly high affinity for ER alpha. Activating these receptors can mimic some actions of endogenous estradiol in estrogen-responsive tissues, which is the proposed basis for effects on vasomotor symptoms. This differs from ingredients that work by raising the body's own estradiol.

2

Vasomotor center stabilization

Estrogen receptor activation in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center may help stabilize the temperature setpoint that becomes labile in menopause, the proposed basis for easing hot flashes and night sweats. The downstream pathway resembles that of estrogen itself but is driven by a plant-derived receptor agonist.

3

GABAergic activity (non-8-PN compounds)

Hop bittering compounds (humulones, lupulones) and the broader extract matrix appear to have GABAergic effects supporting the traditional use as calming and sleep-supportive. Mechanism distinct from 8-PN's estrogenic activity and contributes complementary benefits in menopause where sleep is often disrupted.

4

Microbial conversion of isoxanthohumol to 8-PN

Hop extracts contain xanthohumol, which is readily isomerized to isoxanthohumol. Gut bacteria then O-demethylate isoxanthohumol into 8-PN, and this capacity varies widely between people. In a human pharmacokinetic study, 8-PN was undetectable in most participants after oral xanthohumol, so the amount of active 8-PN actually delivered is inconsistent.

Clinical trials

1
Standardized Hop Extract Menopause RCTs (two small trials)
PubMed

Two small randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of a standardized hop extract (100 to 250 mcg 8-PN per day): 67 women over 12 weeks and 36 women in a 16-week cross-over, measured with the Kupperman Index, Menopause Rating Scale and visual analogue scales. (Heyerick et al. 2006, Maturitas; Erkkola et al. 2010, Phytomedicine)

postmenopausal women

Across the two trials, symptom improvements over placebo were small and inconsistent. In the 67-woman trial the 100 mcg dose beat placebo on the Kupperman Index at 6 weeks but not at 12 weeks, and the higher 250 mcg dose was less effective. In the 36-woman cross-over trial the overall difference from placebo was not significant, with placebo improving nearly as much.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

Generally well-tolerated at supplemental doses; mild drowsiness possible (consistent with GABAergic activity).
Estrogenic activity is the entire mechanism. Those with estrogen-sensitive conditions (breast cancer history, ER-positive tumors, endometriosis, uterine fibroids) should avoid it or consult an oncologist or gynecologist.
Possible mild GI effects.
Theoretical concern about endometrial proliferation with very long-term high-dose use (as with any phytoestrogen); periodic medical monitoring is appropriate.
Pregnancy: avoid. Lactation: avoid.

Important Drug interactions

Hormone replacement therapy: additive estrogenic effect; consult prescriber.
Tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (breast cancer adjuvant therapy): hop's estrogenic activity may oppose these therapies; avoid with breast cancer history.
Sedatives, benzodiazepines or alcohol: additive sedation via the GABAergic compounds; use caution.
Hormonal contraceptives: theoretical interaction; minimal clinical relevance at typical supplemental doses.
Pregnancy and lactation: avoid due to phytoestrogen activity.

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Frequently asked questions about Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause

What is Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause?

Hop extract from Humulus lupulus is studied for menopausal symptoms because it uniquely contains 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), one of the most potent naturally occurring phytoestrogens identified. Standardized hop extracts for menopause come from the female cones (strobiles), where 8-PN concentrates.

What is Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause used for?

Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause is researched primarily for Menopause Support and Women's Health. Two small placebo-controlled RCTs of a standardized hop extract (100 to 250 mcg 8-PN per day) reported reductions in Kupperman Index and hot flash scores, but the effect was borderline.

What is the recommended dosage of Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause?

The clinically studied dose is 100 to 250 mcg 8-PN per day (100 mcg was the more effective dose in both symptom RCTs), delivered in roughly 100 to 200 mg of standardized hop extract. Always follow the product label and check with a healthcare provider for personal advice.

Is Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause safe, and does it have side effects?

Side effects and cautions reported for Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause include: Generally well-tolerated at supplemental doses; mild drowsiness possible (consistent with GABAergic activity). Estrogenic activity is the entire mechanism. It may also interact with some medications. Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: Hormone replacement therapy: additive estrogenic effect; consult prescriber. Tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors (breast cancer adjuvant therapy): hop's estrogenic activity may oppose these therapies; avoid with breast cancer history. If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause as Limited (2 out of 5). It is backed by 1 study summary and 9 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(9 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Štulíková K, Karabín M, Nešpor J, Dostálek P. Therapeutic Perspectives of 8-Prenylnaringenin, a Potent Phytoestrogen from Hops. Molecules. 2018;23(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules23030660.PubMedUsed to support: Review of 8-prenylnaringenin, the potent hop phytoestrogen behind Lifenol's use, summarizing its estrogenic activity relevant to menopausal symptoms. Supports the mechanism behind the menopause use.
  2. Bolton JL, Dunlap TL, Hajirahimkhan A, Mbachu O, Chen SN, Chadwick L, Nikolic D, van Breemen RB, Pauli GF, Dietz BM. The Multiple Biological Targets of Hops and Bioactive Compounds. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019;32(2):222-233. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00345.PubMedUsed to support: Review of the multiple biological targets of hops and their bioactive compounds, including the estrogenic 8-prenylnaringenin. Background for the women's-health and menopause uses.
  3. Bowe J, Li XF, Kinsey-Jones J, Heyerick A, Brain S, Milligan S, O'Byrne K. The hop phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin, reverses the ovariectomy-induced rise in skin temperature in an animal model of menopausal hot flushes. J Endocrinol. 2006;191(2):399-405. doi: 10.1677/joe.1.06919.PubMedUsed to support: Study showing the hop phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin reversed the rise in skin temperature in an ovariectomy (hot-flash) model. Mechanistic support for hops easing menopausal hot flashes.
  4. Overk CR, Guo J, Chadwick LR, Lantvit DD, Minassi A, Appendino G, Chen SN, Lankin DC, Farnsworth NR, Pauli GF, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL. In vivo estrogenic comparisons of Trifolium pratense (red clover) Humulus lupulus (hops), and the pure compounds isoxanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin. Chem Biol Interact. 2008;176(1):30-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.06.005.PubMedUsed to support: In vivo comparison confirming hops (via 8-prenylnaringenin) has estrogenic activity alongside red clover. Supports the phytoestrogen basis for the menopause use.
  5. Heyerick A, Vervarcke S, Depypere H, Bracke M, De Keukeleire D. A first prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the use of a standardized hop extract to alleviate menopausal discomforts. Maturitas. 2006;54(2):164-75. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.10.005.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 67 menopausal women given a hop extract standardized to 100 or 250 mcg 8-PN daily for 12 weeks. The 100 mcg dose was superior to placebo on the modified Kupperman Index at 6 weeks (p=0.023) but not at 12 weeks (p=0.086), and the higher 250 mcg dose was less effective than the lower one. A small, short trial with a borderline result.
  6. Erkkola R, Vervarcke S, Vansteelandt S, Rompotti P, De Keukeleire D, Heyerick A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study on the use of a standardized hop extract to alleviate menopausal discomforts. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(6):389-96. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.01.007.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over pilot trial in 36 menopausal women given a hop extract standardized to 100 mcg 8-PN daily over 16 weeks. The overall estimate of treatment efficacy was not statistically significant, with placebo improving nearly as much as active treatment; only some time-specific estimates at 16 weeks reached significance for the Kupperman Index (p=0.02) and a visual analogue scale (p=0.03). A small pilot with a largely null primary result.
  7. Lecomte M, Tomassi D, Rizzoli R, Tenon M, Berton T, Harney S, Fança-Berthon P. Effect of a Hop Extract Standardized in 8-Prenylnaringenin on Bone Health and Gut Microbiome in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: A One-Year Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2023;15(12):2688. doi: 10.3390/nu15122688.PubMedUsed to support: Manufacturer-funded (Givaudan) 48-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 100 postmenopausal women with osteopenia, all taking calcium and vitamin D, given an 8-PN standardized hop extract or placebo. Total body bone mineral density rose versus baseline in the hop group, but the difference versus placebo did not reach statistical significance (about 1.0 percent, p=0.08). The primary between-group bone outcome was null.
  8. Bolca S, Possemiers S, Maervoet V, Huybrechts I, Heyerick A, Vervarcke S, Depypere H, De Keukeleire D, Bracke M, De Henauw S, Verstraete W, Van de Wiele T. Microbial and dietary factors associated with the 8-prenylnaringenin producer phenotype: a dietary intervention trial with fifty healthy post-menopausal Caucasian women. Br J Nutr. 2007;98(5):950-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507749243.PubMedUsed to support: Dietary intervention in 50 healthy postmenopausal women showing gut bacteria O-demethylate the weakly estrogenic isoxanthohumol into the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin, with most women classed as poor producers, so conversion varies widely between people. Cited for the microbial-conversion mechanism.
  9. Legette L, Karnpracha C, Reed RL, Choi J, Bobe G, Christensen JM, Rodriguez-Proteau R, Purnell JQ, Stevens JF. Human pharmacokinetics of xanthohumol, an antihyperglycemic flavonoid from hops. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014;58(2):248-55. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201300333.PubMedUsed to support: Single-dose pharmacokinetic study in 48 adults; after oral xanthohumol, xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol conjugates dominated while 8-prenylnaringenin was undetectable in most subjects, showing the active 8-PN delivered is inconsistent. Cited for the variable-conversion mechanism.