Home Ingredients Lactobacillus paracasei DG (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572)

Lactobacillus paracasei DG (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572)

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain DG (CNCM I-1572; formerly Lactobacillus casei DG)
Evidence Level
Limited
7 Clinical Trials
4 Documented Benefits
2/5 Evidence Score

Lactobacillus paracasei DG, now classified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and long sold as L. casei DG®, is a probiotic strain deposited as CNCM I-1572 and sold in Italy as Enterolactis by Sofar S.p.A., now part of Alfasigma S.p.A. Live DG cells survive gut passage in adults and children. In healthy adults, a daily capsule shifted some gut bacteria, and fecal butyrate rose or fell depending on each person's starting level. In adults with bowel symptoms, a 40-person pilot trial found no improvement in its main abdominal pain and relief outcomes, and a larger trial has not published its placebo comparison. Other placebo-controlled trials enrolled people with colon diverticula, prostate infections or a surgical ileal pouch, so those results apply to patient groups. Most studies were supported by the maker. Results do not carry over to other L. paracasei strains.

Studied Dose Most trials used Enterolactis Plus capsules or sachets with at least 24 billion CFU: once daily (healthy adults, ileal pouch, one prostate trial), twice daily (IBS trials, a prostate study) or daily for 10 days a month (diverticular trial). Survival studies used vials of 1 billion CFU or more daily.
Active Compound Live Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain DG (CNCM I-1572, also deposited as DSM 34154), formerly called Lactobacillus casei DG. Sold as L. casei DG® in Enterolactis products (capsules, sachets and drinkable vials) by Sofar S.p.A., now part of Alfasigma S.p.A. As LP-DG®, it is one of two strains in the blend AminoAlta™.

Benefits

Survival through the digestive tract in adults and children

In 20 healthy adults drinking vials with at least 1 billion CFU for a week, live DG cells were recovered from every volunteer's stool, peaking 4 to 8 days after starting and lasting up to 5 days after stopping. In 20 children aged 3 to 12 given 1 billion CFU daily for 7 days, 19 had live DG cells in stool. Neither study had a comparison group, and survival alone is not a health benefit.

Supported by Trial 7

Gut bacteria and butyrate shifts in healthy adults

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in healthy adults aged 23 to 55, a daily capsule with at least 24 billion live DG cells for 4 weeks raised Coprococcus and Proteobacteria and lowered Blautia. Fecal butyrate fell in people who started high and rose in people who started low. These are stool markers, not a health outcome.

Supported by Trial 1, Trial 2

Abdominal comfort studies in adults with bowel symptoms

In a 40-person crossover pilot trial in adults with irritable bowel syndrome, two capsules daily did not improve worst abdominal pain or overall relief, the main outcomes, compared with placebo. A larger 12-week trial in people without constipation has published only a probiotic-arm analysis: 25% met the pain and stool-form goal, with no placebo comparison reported.

Supported by Trial 2, Trial 3

Amino acid absorption from plant protein (two-strain blend)

In 15 active men, a blend of 5 billion CFU LP-DG® plus 5 billion CFU of a second L. paracasei strain (LPC-S01), taken with 20 g of pea protein for 2 weeks, raised peak blood levels of several essential amino acids, including leucine, compared with placebo in a crossover trial. DG was not tested alone, and two authors worked for the maker.

Supported by Trial 1, Trial 2

Mechanism of action

1

Shifts in gut bacteria and short-chain fatty acids

In healthy adults DG raised Coprococcus and lowered Blautia, and in a small trial in adults with bowel symptoms it lowered Ruminococcus and raised fecal acetate and butyrate. In the healthy adults, the direction of the butyrate change depended on each person's starting level. Whether these stool changes lead to felt benefits has not been shown.

2

Surface exopolysaccharide and immune cells (lab work)

DG makes a rhamnose-rich surface exopolysaccharide that, in a human monocyte cell line, raised gene expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and CCL20 without changing COX-2. This is cell-culture work and has not been tied to effects in people.

3

Gut tissue cytokine response (ex vivo)

In gut tissue samples from 10 people with post-infectious bowel symptoms and 10 healthy controls, DG and its postbiotic lowered LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and raised IL-10, more so with the postbiotic. In people with an ileal pouch, an 8-week placebo-controlled trial found no between-group difference in mucosal cytokines.

4

Strain stability across production lots

Genome sequencing of seven isolates from commercial lots made over 10 years found identical genomes, differing from the deposited culture by two single-base changes, with no differences in gut-survival or immune tests in the lab. This supports that the strain in current products matches the one studied, though it is a maker-run study.

Clinical trials

1
Healthy Adults: 4-Week Crossover Trial of Gut Bacteria and Butyrate
PubMed

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial; one capsule with at least 24 billion live L. paracasei DG cells daily for 4 weeks; stool bacteria by 16S rRNA sequencing and fecal short-chain fatty acids (Ferrario et al. 2014, J Nutr).

Healthy adults of both sexes aged 23 to 55; the abstract does not give the number enrolled.

Proteobacteria (P = 0.006) and Coprococcus (P = 0.009) rose and Blautia (P = 0.036) fell. Butyrate fell by 49% on average in people who started above 100 mmol/kg and rose in people who started below 25 mmol/kg, so the effect depended on each person's starting gut profile. The abstract reports stool markers only. One author was from Sofar S.p.A. (ISRCTN56945491).

2
Adults with IBS: 18-Week Crossover Pilot (primary outcomes not met)
PubMed

Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover 18-week pilot trial of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572 capsules (at least 24 billion CFU each, two a day) versus placebo (Cremon et al. 2018, United European Gastroenterol J).

40 adults with irritable bowel syndrome at five Italian centers.

The strain did not significantly improve symptoms, including the primary outcomes worst abdominal pain or discomfort and degree of relief. Ruminococcus fell, fecal acetate and butyrate rose and the cytokine IL-15 fell. One author was from Sofar S.p.A., and the registry (NCT02371499) lists SOFAR S.p.A. as sponsor.

3
PROBE-IBS/2: Probiotic-Arm Responder Analysis, 12 Weeks
PubMed

Post-hoc analysis of the probiotic arm of a multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial; Enterolactis Plus capsules with at least 24 billion CFU twice daily for 12 weeks (Gargari et al. 2024, Gut Microbes).

Adults with irritable bowel syndrome without constipation from 20 Italian centers; 63 per-protocol probiotic-arm patients analyzed.

16 of 63 (25.4%) met the primary composite response for abdominal pain and stool form. Responders had more Collinsella aerofaciens and related bacteria at baseline, which fell on the probiotic. The paper does not report the probiotic versus placebo result for the primary outcome, so no between-group benefit can be stated. A post-hoc reanalysis of the earlier 40-person pilot found lower abdominal pain than placebo only in a subgroup of 17 patients without constipation. Supported by Sofar S.p.A., with Sofar-affiliated authors (NCT03449628).

4
Diverticular Disease Remission: 12-Month Four-Arm Trial (disease context)
PubMed

Multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled trial of mesalazine 1.6 g/day, L. casei DG 24 billion/day, both, or placebo, each 10 days a month for 12 months (Tursi et al. 2013, Aliment Pharmacol Ther).

210 adults in remission from symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease.

Abdominal pain returned in 14.5% on DG alone versus 46.0% on placebo, 13.7% on mesalazine and 0% on the combination. A 2026 post-hoc analysis of the DG and placebo arms (105 patients) reported acute diverticulitis in 1 versus 6 patients (p = 0.036) and mild adverse events in 4 of 55 versus 6 of 50 patients. Sofar S.p.A. supplied product and placebo (NCT01534754). A disease population; context only.

5
Men After Antibiotic Treatment of Prostate Infection: 3-Month RCT (disease context)
PubMed

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; one Enterolactis Plus capsule (24 billion live L. casei DG cells) or placebo daily for 3 months after a 1-month ciprofloxacin course (Vocca et al. 2025, Microorganisms).

24 men with chronic bacterial prostatitis (12 per group).

Recovery from symptom flares was faster (2 vs 8 days) and symptom-free time longer (86 vs 42 days) on DG, but the NIH-CPSI symptom score did not differ between groups at the end (p = 0.187), and the stated primary outcome, the number of flares, is not reported as a between-group test. No adverse events. No external funding; Alfasigma S.p.A. supplied product and placebo. Disease population with antibiotic pretreatment; context only.

6
Ileal Pouch After Surgery: 8-Week RCT (primary outcome not met)
PubMed

Single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; one Enterolactis Plus capsule (24 billion CFU) or placebo daily for 8 weeks starting at ileostomy closure (Angriman et al. 2024, Gut Microbes).

52 patients with an ileal pouch after restorative proctocolectomy (26 per group).

The primary outcome, pouch mucosal cytokines at 8 weeks, did not differ between groups; TNF-alpha and IL-6 fell from baseline only in the DG group. Pouchitis episodes did not differ. No adverse effects were reported. Sofar-Alfasigma supported the study and supplied product and placebo (NCT03136419).

7
Healthy Adults: 1-Week Gut Survival Study
PubMed

Open study without a comparison group; Enterolactis drinkable vials with at least 1 billion CFU of L. paracasei DG daily for 1 week, then 1 week of follow-up, with strain-specific culture and qPCR of stool (Arioli et al. 2018, Front Microbiol).

20 healthy adult volunteers.

Live DG cells were recovered from every volunteer, peaking at 3.6 to 6.7 log10 CFU per gram of stool 4 to 8 days after starting and detectable up to 5 days after stopping. Survival was measured, not a health outcome. One author was from Sofar S.p.A.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

In a 12-month placebo-controlled trial, mild adverse events (flatulence, bloating, belching) were recorded in 4 of 55 people on DG and 6 of 50 on placebo, and none led to stopping treatment.
In a gut-survival study in 20 children, no safety concerns were raised, and trials in adults with an ileal pouch and in men after antibiotic treatment reported no adverse effects.
Mild digestive upset or bloating can occur with probiotics.
Long-term safety: the longest placebo-controlled trial gave DG for 10 days a month over 12 months, and continuous daily use has been studied for up to about 3 months.
Severely immunocompromised or critically ill people should check with a doctor before taking live probiotics.
Nearly every study described here was supported by the maker, which funded the work or supplied the product, so independent confirmation is limited.
Check the strain name on the label; a generic L. paracasei or L. casei product is not the same as strain DG.

Important Drug interactions

Antibiotics: take live probiotics a few hours apart from antibiotic doses. In the prostate studies, DG was started after the antibiotic course.
Mesalazine: DG was given with and without mesalazine in diverticular disease trials; these were not designed as interaction studies.
Immunosuppressants: talk with your doctor before taking live probiotics.

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Frequently asked questions about Lactobacillus paracasei DG (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572)

What is Lactobacillus paracasei DG?

It is one probiotic strain of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, deposited as CNCM I-1572 and long sold as L. casei DG® in Enterolactis products by Sofar S.p.A., now part of Alfasigma S.p.A. Its research applies to this strain only, not to other L. paracasei or L. casei products.

Does L. paracasei DG help with abdominal comfort?

Not clearly. A 40-person pilot trial in adults with bowel symptoms found no improvement in its main pain and relief outcomes versus placebo, and a larger trial has published only a probiotic-arm analysis without the placebo comparison. Other trials enrolled people under medical care for bowel conditions. Discuss ongoing abdominal symptoms with your clinician.

How much L. paracasei DG was used in studies?

Most trials used capsules or sachets with at least 24 billion CFU once a day; the bowel-symptom trials and one prostate study used two a day, and the diverticular trial gave one sachet a day for 10 days each month. Gut survival studies used drinkable vials with at least 1 billion CFU a day. Follow the label of a product that names the DG strain.

Is L. paracasei DG safe?

In a 12-month placebo-controlled trial, mild adverse events were about as common on DG as on placebo, and smaller trials reported no adverse effects. People who are severely immunocompromised or critically ill should check with a doctor before taking live probiotics.

What is Lactobacillus paracasei DG used for?

NutraSmarts does not list Lactobacillus paracasei DG under a health category. What the research covers: In 20 healthy adults drinking vials with at least 1 billion CFU for a week, live DG cells were recovered from every volunteer's stool, peaking 4 to 8 days after starting and lasting up to 5 days after stopping.

Does Lactobacillus paracasei DG interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: Antibiotics: take live probiotics a few hours apart from antibiotic doses. In the prostate studies, DG was started after the antibiotic course. Mesalazine: DG was given with and without mesalazine in diverticular disease trials; these were not designed as interaction studies. If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Lactobacillus paracasei DG?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Lactobacillus paracasei DG as Limited (2 out of 5). It is backed by 7 study summaries and 15 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(15 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Ferrario C, Taverniti V, Milani C, Fiore W, Laureati M, De Noni I, Stuknyte M, Chouaia B, Riso P, Guglielmetti S. Modulation of fecal Clostridiales bacteria and butyrate by probiotic intervention with Lactobacillus paracasei DG varies among healthy adults. J Nutr. 2014;144(11):1787-96. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.197723.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in healthy adults aged 23 to 55 taking a capsule with at least 24 billion live L. paracasei DG cells daily for 4 weeks. Proteobacteria and Coprococcus rose and Blautia fell. Fecal butyrate fell by about half in people who started above 100 mmol/kg and rose in people who started below 25 mmol/kg. The abstract reports stool markers only. One author was from Sofar S.p.A. Registered as ISRCTN56945491. PubMed lists an erratum (J Nutr 2015;145(4):839).
  2. Cremon C, Guglielmetti S, Gargari G, Taverniti V, Castellazzi AM, Valsecchi C, Tagliacarne C, Fiore W, Bellini M, Bertani L, Gambaccini D, Cicala M, Germanà B, Vecchi M, Pagano I, Barbaro MR, Bellacosa L, Stanghellini V, Barbara G. Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572 on symptoms, gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids, and immune activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A pilot randomized clinical trial. United European Gastroenterol J. 2018;6(4):604-613. doi: 10.1177/2050640617736478.PubMedUsed to support: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover 18-week pilot trial in 40 adults with irritable bowel syndrome at five Italian centers. The strain did not significantly improve symptoms, including the primary outcomes worst abdominal pain or discomfort and degree of relief. It lowered Ruminococcus, raised fecal acetate and butyrate and lowered the cytokine IL-15. One author was from Sofar S.p.A., and the registry (NCT02371499) lists SOFAR S.p.A. as sponsor.
  3. Gargari G, Mantegazza G, Cremon C, Taverniti V, Valenza A, Barbaro MR, Marasco G, Duncan R, Fiore W, Ferrari R, De Vitis V, Barbara G, Guglielmetti S. Collinsella aerofaciens as a predictive marker of response to probiotic treatment in non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome. Gut Microbes. 2024;16(1):2298246. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2298246.PubMedUsed to support: Post-hoc analysis of the probiotic arm of a multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial (PROBE-IBS/2, NCT03449628) in adults with irritable bowel syndrome without constipation, given Enterolactis Plus capsules with at least 24 billion CFU twice daily for 12 weeks. Of 63 per-protocol probiotic-arm patients, 16 (25.4%) met the primary composite response for abdominal pain and stool form; responders had more Collinsella aerofaciens and related taxa at baseline. The paper does not report the probiotic versus placebo comparison of the primary outcome. Supported by Sofar S.p.A.; three authors list Sofar affiliations, one stated as a Sofar employee.
  4. Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Elisei W, Picchio M, Forti G, Pianese G, Rodino S, D'Amico T, Sacca N, Portincasa P, Capezzuto E, Lattanzio R, Spadaccini A, Fiorella S, Polimeni F, Polimeni N, Stoppino V, Stoppino G, Giorgetti GM, Aiello F, Danese S. Randomised clinical trial: mesalazine and/or probiotics in maintaining remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease--a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;38(7):741-51. doi: 10.1111/apt.12463.PubMedUsed to support: Multicenter double-blind trial in 210 adults in remission from symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, randomized to mesalazine 1.6 g/day, L. casei DG 24 billion/day, both, or double placebo, each for 10 days a month for 12 months. Recurrence of abdominal pain occurred in 0% on both, 13.7% on mesalazine, 14.5% on DG alone and 46.0% on placebo. Acute diverticulitis occurred in 6 placebo and 1 DG-alone patients. A disease population; cited as context only. Registered as NCT01534754.
  5. Tursi A, Picchio M, Elisei W, Brandimarte G, Di Mario F, Danese S, Papa A. Lactobacillus Paracasei CNCM I 1572 is Better than Placebo in Preventing Acute Diverticulitis Occurrence (Revised Manuscript 661a120f-b910-4133-ab7e-4bd3e1713c96). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2026;18(3):4738-4745. doi: 10.1007/s12602-025-10812-y.PubMedUsed to support: Post-hoc analysis of the DG-alone and placebo arms (105 patients) of the 12-month trial registered as NCT01534754, with 24 billion CFU sachets (Enterolactis Plus) for 10 days a month. Acute diverticulitis on CT occurred in 1 DG and 6 placebo patients (p = 0.036). Mild adverse events (flatulence, bloating, belching on DG): 4 of 55 on DG and 6 of 50 on placebo (p = 0.90; the paper prints the placebo rate as 9.0%), none leading to discontinuation. States that Sofar S.p.A., now a branch of Alfasigma S.p.A., supplied product and placebo and had no other involvement. A disease outcome; context only.
  6. Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Giorgetti GM, Elisei W. Mesalazine and/or Lactobacillus casei in preventing recurrence of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon: a prospective, randomized, open-label study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40(4):312-6. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000210092.77296.6d.PubMedUsed to support: Open-label randomized study in 90 adults whose diverticular disease symptoms had been brought into remission with rifaximin and mesalazine, given mesalazine, L. casei DG 16 billion/day for 15 days a month, or both, for 12 months. Symptom-free rates were 76.7% (intention to treat) in each single-treatment group and higher with the combination. No placebo arm and a drug-treated disease population; context only.
  7. Vocca C, Abrego-Guandique DM, Cione E, Rania V, Marcianò G, Palleria C, Catarisano L, Colosimo M, La Cava G, Palumbo IM, De Sarro G, Ceccato T, Botti S, Cai T, Palmieri A, Gallelli L. Probiotics in the Management of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial to Evaluate a Possible Link Between Gut Microbiota Restoring and Symptom Relief. Microorganisms. 2025;13(1):130. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13010130.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 24 men with chronic bacterial prostatitis given one capsule of Enterolactis Plus (24 billion live L. casei DG cells) or placebo daily for 3 months after a 1-month ciprofloxacin course. Recovery from symptom flares was faster (2 vs 8 days) and symptom-free time longer (86 vs 42 days) on DG, but the NIH-CPSI symptom score did not differ between groups at the end (p = 0.187); the stated primary outcome, number of flares, is not reported as a between-group test. No adverse events. No external funding; product and placebo were supplied by Alfasigma S.p.A. Disease population with antibiotic pretreatment; context only.
  8. Cai T, Gallelli L, Cione E, Perletti G, Ciarleglio F, Malossini G, De Pretis G, Palmieri A, Mirone V, Bartoletti R, Johansen TEB. The use of Lactobacillus casei DG® prevents symptomatic episodes and reduces the antibiotic use in patients affected by chronic bacterial prostatitis: results from a phase IV study. World J Urol. 2021;39(9):3433-3440. doi: 10.1007/s00345-020-03580-7.PubMedUsed to support: Uncontrolled phase IV study in 84 men with chronic bacterial prostatitis treated first with antibiotics and then with L. casei DG (2 capsules a day for 3 months). Symptom scores and flare frequency improved over time compared with before treatment, with no comparison group. Two authors reported travel and speaking grants from SOFAR. Disease population with antibiotic co-treatment; context only.
  9. Angriman I, Scarpa M, Savarino E, Patuzzi I, Rigo A, Kotsafti A, Stepanyan A, Sciuto E, Celotto F, Negro S, Caruso A, Ruffolo C, Bardini R, Pucciarelli S, Barberio B, Spolverato G, Zingone F, D'Incà R, Castagliuolo I, Scarpa M. Oral administration of Lactobacillus casei DG® after ileostomy closure in restorative proctocolectomy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial (microbiota and immune microenvironment in pouchitis -MEP1). Gut Microbes. 2024;16(1):2423037. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2423037.PubMedUsed to support: Single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 52 patients with an ileal pouch, given one Enterolactis Plus capsule (24 billion CFU) or placebo daily for 8 weeks after ileostomy closure. The primary outcome, pouch mucosal IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 at 8 weeks, did not differ between groups; TNF-alpha and IL-6 fell from baseline only in the DG group. Pouchitis episodes did not differ. No adverse effects were reported. Sofar-Alfasigma supported the study and supplied product and placebo. Registered as NCT03136419.
  10. Arioli S, Koirala R, Taverniti V, Fiore W, Guglielmetti S. Quantitative Recovery of Viable Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572 (L. casei DG®) After Gastrointestinal Passage in Healthy Adults. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1720. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01720.PubMedUsed to support: 20 healthy adults drank Enterolactis vials (at least 1 billion CFU of L. paracasei DG) for 1 week. Live DG cells were recovered from at least one stool sample of every volunteer, peaking at 3.6 to 6.7 log10 CFU per gram 4 to 8 days after starting and detectable up to 5 days after stopping. No comparison group. One author was from Sofar S.p.A.
  11. Radicioni M, Koirala R, Fiore W, Leuratti C, Guglielmetti S, Arioli S. Survival of L. casei DG(®) (Lactobacillus paracasei CNCMI1572) in the gastrointestinal tract of a healthy paediatric population. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58(8):3161-3170. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1860-5.PubMedUsed to support: 20 healthy children aged 3 to 12 took a drinkable solution with 1 billion CFU of L. casei DG once daily for 7 days. 19 had live DG cells in stool at least once, and in 11 of them the strain persisted up to 3 days after stopping. Bowel frequency, stool consistency and digestive function did not change considerably, and no safety concerns were reported. One author was a SOFAR employee, and the other authors' institutions were contracted and paid by SOFAR.
  12. Jäger R, Zaragoza J, Purpura M, Iametti S, Marengo M, Tinsley GM, Anzalone AJ, Oliver JM, Fiore W, Biffi A, Urbina S, Taylor L. Probiotic Administration Increases Amino Acid Absorption from Plant Protein: a Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Crossover Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2020;12(4):1330-1339. doi: 10.1007/s12602-020-09656-5.PubMedUsed to support: Blend study, not DG alone: 15 physically active men took AminoAlta, 5 billion CFU L. paracasei LP-DG (CNCM I-1572) plus 5 billion CFU L. paracasei LPC-S01, or placebo for 2 weeks in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial, then drank 20 g pea protein. The blend raised peak concentrations and area under the curve for methionine, histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, total BCAA and total essential amino acids. Two authors were Sofar S.p.A. employees. Registered as ISRCTN38903788.
  13. Brunelli L, Perotti S, Gargari G, De Vitis V, Mantegazza G, Ferrari R, Minuzzo M, Pierallini E, Ricci G, Fiore W, Guglielmetti S. Genetic and phenotypic stability of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei DG (DSM 34154) over 10 years of industrial production. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2025;91(5):e0239424. doi: 10.1128/aem.02394-24.PubMedUsed to support: Laboratory study: seven isolates from commercial lots made over 10 years had identical genomes, differing from the DSMZ deposit (DSM 34154) by two single-base changes, with no differences in antibiotic resistance, sugar use, simulated gut survival, immune activity or radical scavenging. Five authors were Alfasigma S.p.A. employees. No human outcomes.
  14. Balzaretti S, Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S, Fiore W, Minuzzo M, Ngo HN, Ngere JB, Sadiq S, Humphreys PN, Laws AP. A Novel Rhamnose-Rich Hetero-exopolysaccharide Isolated from Lactobacillus paracasei DG Activates THP-1 Human Monocytic Cells. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017;83(3):e02702-16. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02702-16.PubMedUsed to support: Laboratory study: strain DG makes a new rhamnose-rich surface exopolysaccharide that raised gene expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and CCL20 in a human monocytic cell line without changing COX-2. Cell-culture work only. One author was from Sofar S.p.A.
  15. Compare D, Rocco A, Coccoli P, Angrisani D, Sgamato C, Iovine B, Salvatore U, Nardone G. Lactobacillus casei DG and its postbiotic reduce the inflammatory mucosal response: an ex-vivo organ culture model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12876-017-0605-x.PubMedUsed to support: Ex vivo study: in ileal and colonic tissue from 10 people with post-infectious, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and 10 healthy controls, L. casei DG and its postbiotic lowered LPS-stimulated IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA and TLR-4 protein and raised IL-10 mRNA, more so with the postbiotic. Tissue culture only; no oral dosing.