Home Ingredients Eucalyptus Leaf (Eucalyptus globulus)

Eucalyptus Leaf (Eucalyptus globulus)

Eucalyptus globulus
Evidence Level
Preliminary
4 Clinical Trials
4 Documented Benefits
1/5 Evidence Score

Eucalyptus leaf is the dried leaf of the blue gum tree (Eucalyptus globulus). It holds about 1 to 3.5% essential oil, most of it 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), plus tannins such as oenothein B and compounds called macrocarpals. The European Medicines Agency lists the leaf tea and tincture as traditional herbal medicines for cough with a cold, based on long-standing use alone, and notes that no clinical trials of the leaf for that use exist. The capsule trials often quoted for eucalyptus tested isolated cineole, not the leaf. Human trials of the swallowed extract are few, small and run by its maker: a one-dose blood fructose test and a 12-week body and liver fat trial. Gum studies tested mouth contact only. The tea is not recommended under age 12 and is contraindicated under 30 months. Eucalyptus essential oil is far more concentrated, and swallowing a few milliliters has poisoned young children.

Studied Dose No supplement dose is established. EU traditional use (age 12 and up): tea of 1.5 to 3 g dried leaf in 150 mL boiling water up to 4 times daily (4.5 to 12 g/day). One 12-week trial used leaf extract capsules giving 3.38 mg/day oenothein B.
Active Compound Essential oil (1 to 3.5% of the dried leaf), of which 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) is 54 to 95%; tannins including oenothein B; phloroglucinol compounds (macrocarpals, euglobals); flavonoids such as rutin, hyperoside and quercitrin.

Benefits

EU traditional herbal tea status for airway comfort

European regulators register eucalyptus leaf tea and tincture as traditional herbal medicines for relief of cough with a cold. This rests on long-standing use alone: EU assessors found no clinical trials of the leaf for cough and said blinded trials may be nearly impossible because of its strong taste and smell. See a doctor if cough lasts over a week.

Supported by Trial 1, Trial 2

Liver and belly fat measures during a sugary-drink challenge

In a 12-week trial in Japanese men with a BMI of 23 to 30 who drank a sugar-sweetened beverage daily, belly fat area and a liver fat score rose on placebo but not with leaf extract capsules. A between-group difference was reported only for liver fat, in an analysis run after unblinding. The trial was small and funded by the extract maker.

Supported by Trial 1

Blood fructose rise after a sucrose drink

In a crossover study of 18 adults, a single 3 g dose of leaf extract taken just before a 25 g sucrose drink trimmed the 30-minute rise in blood fructose by about 10% versus placebo, without changing blood glucose or insulin. A 1 g dose had no clear effect, total fructose exposure did not differ significantly, and the study was run by the extract maker.

Supported by Trial 2

Fructose uptake in rat and cell studies (lab and animal data)

In rats on a high-sugar diet, adding a leaf extract to the feed for 5 weeks gave lower body weight and lower blood and liver triglycerides, and it reduced fructose reaching the portal vein. In human gut cells, oenothein B from the leaf blocked fructose but not glucose uptake. Both come from one research group whose lead author now works for the extract maker.

Supported by Trial 3, Trial 1

Mechanism of action

1

Oenothein B and fructose transport (cell study)

In Caco-2 human intestinal cells, the whole leaf extract cut fructose passage by 65% at 1 mg/mL and isolated oenothein B by 63% at 5 micrograms/mL, without affecting glucose. Gallic and ellagic acid showed little activity. This is a cell model; how much oenothein B acts in the human gut is not known.

2

Macrocarpals and oral bacteria (lab studies)

Macrocarpals, phloroglucinol compounds purified from dried eucalyptus leaves, were active against Porphyromonas gingivalis and other gum bacteria in lab tests, and leaf extracts inhibited many bacteria and fungi in culture. EU assessors noted that the extracts in most of these studies were poorly defined, so no effective concentration can be stated.

3

How much cineole a cup of tea may carry

EU assessors estimated that if all the oil passed into the tea, the traditional daily dose would hold about 32 to 300 mg of cineole, and that with realistic transfer it is closer to 70 to 100 mg, at most a third of the 300 to 600 mg/day used in cineole capsule trials. The tincture carries far less.

4

Cineole and liver drug-processing enzymes

In animal studies, cineole raised the activity of liver enzymes that break down drugs. In 5 volunteers, 10 days of inhaled cineole sped the clearance of the drug aminopyrine in 4. EU assessors said other drugs might be affected, but noted this cineole dose equals about 14 g of leaf, more than the traditional inhaled dose.

Clinical trials

1
Eucalyptus Leaf Extract and Sugar-Driven Body and Liver Fat: 12-Week Pilot RCT (maker-funded)
PubMed

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group pilot trial of eucalyptus leaf extract capsules supplying 3.38 mg/day oenothein B, taken with a drink containing 22.5 g/day of free sugars for 12 weeks. Registered as UMIN000037428 with body weight, BMI, body fat percentage and visceral fat area as primary outcomes and liver fat as secondary. Funded by Nagaoka Co., the extract maker, which employs the first three authors (Sugimoto et al. 2026, Hepatol Res)

Japanese men aged 20 to 59 with a BMI of 23 to under 30 (40 planned in the registry; the abstract says twenty participants were included in the analysis of the two groups).

Visceral fat area and the liver fat score (controlled attenuation parameter) rose significantly from baseline on placebo but not on the extract. The abstract reports no between-group test for visceral fat, body weight, BMI or body fat; liver fat was lower than placebo (p = 0.048) only in a sensitivity analysis done after unblinding. A small pilot that needs confirmation.

2
Eucalyptus Leaf Extract and Blood Fructose After Sucrose: Single-Dose Crossover RCT
PubMed

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study: capsules of 0, 1 or 3 g Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract taken once, 5 minutes before 25 g of sucrose in water, on three test days 2 weeks apart. Three of the eight authors worked for Nagaoka Perfumery, the extract maker (Sugimoto et al. 2010, Food Sci Technol Res)

18 adults in Japan (12 men, 6 women; mean age about 52) with fasting blood glucose of 100 to 140 mg/dL and no prior treatment.

With 3 g, serum fructose 30 minutes after the sucrose was lower than with placebo (202 vs 229 micromolar, P = 0.047), which the authors describe as about a 10% smaller rise; 1 g was not significant. Fructose area under the curve (215 vs 227) showed no significant difference, and glucose and insulin did not change. No adverse events were linked to the extract. Single doses only.

3
Leaf Extract, Sucrose Diet and Fructose Absorption (rat study)
PubMed

Animal study of a Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract added to feed at 10 g/kg diet for 5 weeks in rats on a high-sucrose diet, plus single-dose fructose absorption tests (Sugimoto et al. 2005, Br J Nutr)

Rats (7 per group in the diet study); no human participants.

On the high-sucrose diet, rats given the extract weighed less (342 vs 392 g) and had lower plasma and liver triglycerides; there was no effect on a starch diet. The extract cut fructose reaching the portal vein in a dose-dependent way. The lead author later worked for the extract maker.

4
Oenothein B and Fructose Uptake in Human Gut Cells (cell study)
PubMed

Laboratory study in Caco-2 human intestinal cell monolayers testing a Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract (ethanol-water extract) and its isolated constituents; two authors are employees of Nagaoka Co., which also funded a third (Sugimoto et al. 2021, Molecules)

Cultured human intestinal cells; no human participants.

The extract inhibited fructose passage by 65% at 1 mg/mL, and isolated oenothein B by 63% at 5 micrograms/mL, without affecting glucose. Gallic acid and ellagic acid showed little activity. Cell findings do not show an effect in people.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

The EU leaf monograph lists no known side effects and no reported overdose for the tea or tincture; the older German Commission E monograph listed nausea, vomiting and diarrhea as possible and advised against use with inflammatory stomach or bowel disease, gallbladder disease or impaired liver function.
Children: the leaf tea and tincture are contraindicated under 30 months of age because cineole-containing preparations, like other essential oils, can trigger a spasm of the voice box (laryngospasm). The tea is not recommended under 12 and the alcohol tincture under 18.
Do not swallow eucalyptus essential oil. Of 109 young children admitted to a Melbourne hospital after swallowing it, 28% had a lowered level of consciousness and all recovered; the author warned that 2 to 3 mL of pure oil may cause drowsiness and that 5 mL or more should be expected to cause marked loss of consciousness. A Queensland series of 41 children found 80% had no symptoms, so reactions vary widely. Keep oils and vaporizer liquids out of reach of children.
The EU oil monograph contraindicates oral eucalyptus oil in children under 2, does not recommend it from age 2 to 12, rules it out in children with a history of seizures, and lists overdose effects including vomiting, loss of consciousness and convulsions.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: not recommended, because safety has not been established (EU monographs).
Do not use if allergic to eucalyptus or cineole. Concentrated oil may cause heartburn, stomach pain, nausea or diarrhea and should be used with caution with inflamed or ulcerated stomach or bowel conditions.
See a doctor if cough lasts more than a week, or if breathlessness, fever or pus-like phlegm appears. EU assessors left asthma out of the traditional uses because it needs medical supervision; eucalyptus does not replace prescribed inhalers.
A 2022 EU review of newer data found no new safety concern for the leaf. EU drug-safety reports included one serious liver injury case involving Eucalyptus globulus, rated only as a possible link, and in a 4-week study by the extract maker, 6 men taking 2,592 mg/day of a leaf extract had no adverse effects.

Important Drug interactions

No interactions are reported in the EU leaf or oil monographs.
Cineole, the main oil constituent, increased the activity of liver drug-processing enzymes in animals, and inhaled cineole sped the clearance of the drug aminopyrine in 4 of 5 volunteers. EU assessors said other drugs might be affected, though that cineole dose equals about 14 g of leaf, and a 2022 EU review noted a mouse study in which milled leaf weakened the effect of the sedative diazepam, of unclear relevance to people. Ask a pharmacist if you take prescription drugs.

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Frequently asked questions about Eucalyptus Leaf (Eucalyptus globulus)

Is eucalyptus leaf tea the same as eucalyptus oil or cineole capsules?

No. Dried leaf holds only about 1 to 3.5% essential oil, while the oil and cineole capsules are concentrated. The positive capsule trials often quoted for eucalyptus gave 600 mg a day of isolated cineole to adults with acute bronchitis, or alongside usual care to adults with COPD or asthma. EU assessors estimated a day of leaf tea carries roughly 70 to 100 mg of cineole, so those results cannot be applied to the tea.

Can children drink eucalyptus leaf tea?

The EU monograph rules out eucalyptus leaf preparations under 30 months of age, because cineole-containing products can trigger a spasm of the voice box, and does not recommend the tea under 12 for lack of data. Never give eucalyptus oil by mouth to a child: in a Melbourne hospital series of young children, 2 to 3 mL could cause drowsiness and 5 mL or more marked loss of consciousness.

How much cineole is in a cup of eucalyptus leaf tea?

It is not well measured. EU assessors calculated that one cup made with 1.5 to 3 g of leaf could hold about 11 to 100 mg of cineole if all the oil dissolved, but only part of it passes into hot water, and their realistic estimate for a whole day of tea was about 70 to 100 mg. A tincture dose carries far less.

Does eucalyptus extract chewing gum freshen breath or reduce plaque?

Two 12-week trials from one Japanese dental team found that gum with eucalyptus extract lowered plaque, gum bleeding and breath odor scores more than plain gum. The extract was not fully described, the group sizes matched across the two reports, and no other team has repeated the findings. Gum acts in the mouth, so these results say nothing about eucalyptus leaf taken as a supplement.

What is Eucalyptus Leaf?

Eucalyptus leaf is the dried leaf of the blue gum tree (Eucalyptus globulus). It holds about 1 to 3.5% essential oil, most of it 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), plus tannins such as oenothein B and compounds called macrocarpals.

What is Eucalyptus Leaf used for?

NutraSmarts does not list Eucalyptus Leaf under a health category. What the research covers: European regulators register eucalyptus leaf tea and tincture as traditional herbal medicines for relief of cough with a cold.

What is the recommended dosage of Eucalyptus Leaf?

No supplement dose is established. EU traditional use (age 12 and up): tea of 1.5 to 3 g dried leaf in 150 mL boiling water up to 4 times daily (4.5 to 12 g/day). One 12-week trial used leaf extract capsules giving 3.38 mg/day oenothein B. Always follow the product label and check with a healthcare provider for personal advice.

Is Eucalyptus Leaf safe, and does it have side effects?

Side effects and cautions reported for Eucalyptus Leaf include: The EU leaf monograph lists no known side effects and no reported overdose for the tea or tincture; the older German Commission E monograph listed nausea, vomiting and diarrhea as possible and advised against use with inflammatory stomach or bowel disease, gallbladder disease or… It may also interact with some medications. Eucalyptus Leaf is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Eucalyptus Leaf interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: No interactions are reported in the EU leaf or oil monographs. Cineole, the main oil constituent, increased the activity of liver drug-processing enzymes in animals, and inhaled cineole sped the clearance of the drug aminopyrine in 4 of 5 volunteers. If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Eucalyptus Leaf?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Eucalyptus Leaf as Preliminary (1 out of 5). It is backed by 4 study summaries and 16 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(16 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), European Medicines Agency. Community herbal monograph on Eucalyptus globulus Labill., folium (EMA/HMPC/892618/2011) European Medicines Agency. 2013;Final, dated 15 April 2013 (not PubMed-indexed)..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed-indexed: EU herbal monograph (read in full). Traditional use only, for relief of cough associated with cold, based exclusively on long-standing use. Oral herbal tea 1.5 to 3 g in 150 mL boiling water up to 4 times daily (4.5 to 12 g/day) for adolescents and adults; tincture (1:5) 2.5 g up to 4 times daily for adults. Contraindicated under 30 months because cineole-containing preparations can induce laryngospasm, and with hypersensitivity; tea not recommended under 12 and tincture under 18; see a doctor if symptoms last over a week or with dyspnea, fever or purulent sputum; not recommended in pregnancy or lactation; no interactions reported; no known undesirable effects; no overdose reported.
  2. Wiesner J (rapporteur), Hönow R (assessor); Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), European Medicines Agency. Assessment report on Eucalyptus globulus Labill., folium (EMA/HMPC/892615/2011) European Medicines Agency. 2013;Final, dated 15 April 2013 (not PubMed-indexed)..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed-indexed: EU assessment report (read in full). Leaf contains 1 to 3.5% essential oil with 54 to 95% 1,8-cineole, plus tannins, macrocarpals, euglobals and flavonoids. No clinical efficacy or safety data on leaf preparations; clinical studies on eucalyptus leaf preparations are missing and a blinded trial may be almost impossible because of taste and smell. Estimates the traditional tea dose at about 32 to 300 mg cineole/day if all oil transfers, or about 70 to 100 mg with realistic transfer, at most a third of trial doses of cineole. Summarizes cineole capsule trials as cineole, not leaf; lab antimicrobial findings including macrocarpals purified from dried leaves; cineole induction of liver microsomal enzymes and faster aminopyrine clearance in 4 of 5 volunteers after inhaled cineole; asthma excluded as an indication because it needs medical supervision.
  3. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), European Medicines Agency. European Union herbal monograph on Eucalyptus globulus Labill.; Eucalyptus polybractea R.T. Baker; Eucalyptus smithii R.T. Baker, aetheroleum. Final, Revision 1 (EMA/HMPC/320292/2023) European Medicines Agency. 2025;Revision 1 adopted 20 November 2024, published 28 February 2025 (not PubMed-indexed)..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed-indexed: EU herbal monograph on eucalyptus essential oil (read in full; only the oral sections are used here). Traditional use; oral solid forms 100 to 200 mg 2 to 5 times daily (200 to 600 mg/day) for adolescents and adults. Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to eucalyptus oil or 1,8-cineole, in children with a history of seizures, and under 24 months because of laryngospasm risk; oral use not recommended from 2 to 12 years; caution in inflamed or ulcerated gastrointestinal conditions. Undesirable effects: allergic reactions and, with oral use, gastrointestinal reactions (heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Overdose can cause gastrointestinal, respiratory and central nervous symptoms including loss of consciousness and convulsions. No interactions reported; not recommended in pregnancy or lactation.
  4. Sugimoto K, Fujisawa H, Nakagawa K, Namba T, Ebihara S, Kakinuma T, Yamanouchi T, Tokuhara D. Eucalyptus Leaf Extract With Oenothein B Reduces Sugar-Induced Hepatic and Visceral Fat in Adult Japanese Men: A Randomized Study. Hepatol Res. 2026;56(2):172-181. doi: 10.1111/hepr.70058.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot in Japanese men with a BMI of 23 to under 30: capsules of eucalyptus leaf extract (3.38 mg/day oenothein B) taken with a 22.5 g/day free-sugar drink for 12 weeks. Visceral fat area and a liver fat score rose from baseline on placebo but not on the extract; liver fat was lower than placebo only in a sensitivity analysis after unblinding (p = 0.048). The abstract says twenty participants were included in the analysis of the placebo and intervention groups, without saying whether per group or in total (the registry planned 40). Funded by the extract maker, Nagaoka Co. (per the UMIN000037428 registry), which employs three authors; the registry lists body weight, BMI, body fat and visceral fat as primary outcomes.
  5. Nagata H, Inagaki Y, Tanaka M, Ojima M, Kataoka K, Kuboniwa M, Nishida N, Shimizu K, Osawa K, Shizukuishi S. Effect of eucalyptus extract chewing gum on periodontal health: a double-masked, randomized trial. J Periodontol. 2008;79(8):1378-85. doi: 10.1902/jop.2008.070622.PubMedUsed to support: A topical study (chewing gum acting in the mouth, not a swallowed supplement), cited only to show that the main randomized human data on eucalyptus extract involve local mouth use. Double-masked randomized trial in 97 healthy adults with gingivitis: chewing gum with 0.6% (90 mg/day) or 0.4% (60 mg/day) eucalyptus extract for 12 weeks improved plaque, gingival index, bleeding on probing and probing depth more than placebo gum; clinical attachment level did not differ. The abstract does not name the species or plant part. An erratum was published (J Periodontol 2008;79(10):2010).
  6. Tanaka M, Toe M, Nagata H, Ojima M, Kuboniwa M, Shimizu K, Osawa K, Shizukuishi S. Effect of eucalyptus-extract chewing gum on oral malodor: a double-masked, randomized trial. J Periodontol. 2010;81(11):1564-71. doi: 10.1902/jop.2010.100249.PubMedUsed to support: A topical study (chewing gum acting in the mouth, not a swallowed supplement). Double-masked randomized trial with 32, 32 and 33 adults (0.6% extract gum, 0.4% extract gum, placebo gum) for 12 weeks: both extract gums reduced organoleptic breath scores, volatile sulfur compounds and tongue coating more than placebo. Same team and same group sizes as the 2008 gum health trial.
  7. Sugimoto K, Suzuki J, Nakagawa K, Hayashi S, Enomoto T, Fujita T, Yamaji R, Inui H, Nakano Y. Eucalyptus leaf extract inhibits intestinal fructose absorption, and suppresses adiposity due to dietary sucrose in rats. Br J Nutr. 2005;93(6):957-63. doi: 10.1079/bjn20051436.PubMedUsed to support: Rat study: Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract at 10 g/kg diet for 5 weeks lowered body weight (342 vs 392 g) and plasma and liver triglycerides in rats on a high-sucrose diet, with no effect on a starch diet, and inhibited fructose absorption into the portal vein in a dose-dependent way. Animal data only.
  8. Sugimoto K, Amako M, Takeuchi H, Nakagawa K, Yoshimura M, Amakura Y, Fujita T, Takenaka S, Inui H. Oenothein B in Eucalyptus Leaf Extract Suppresses Fructose Absorption in Caco-2 Cells. Molecules. 2021;27(1):122. doi: 10.3390/molecules27010122.PubMedUsed to support: Cell study in Caco-2 human intestinal cells: a Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract inhibited fructose permeation by 65% at 1 mg/mL and isolated oenothein B by 63% at 5 micrograms/mL, without affecting glucose; gallic and ellagic acids had little activity. Two authors are Nagaoka Co. employees and another received company funding.
  9. Fischer J, Dethlefsen U. Efficacy of cineole in patients suffering from acute bronchitis: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Cough. 2013;9(1):25. doi: 10.1186/1745-9974-9-25.PubMedUsed to support: Isolated cineole, not eucalyptus leaf: double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 242 adults with acute bronchitis given 200 mg cineole capsules three times daily (600 mg/day) for 10 days. The bronchitis sum score improved more than placebo after 4 days (p = 0.0383), and coughing fits were less frequent (p = 0.0001). Funded by a grant from Cassella-med.
  10. Worth H, Schacher C, Dethlefsen U. Concomitant therapy with Cineole (Eucalyptole) reduces exacerbations in COPD: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Respir Res. 2009;10(1):69. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-69.PubMedUsed to support: Isolated cineole, not eucalyptus leaf: double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 242 patients with stable COPD given 200 mg cineole three times daily (as 2 x 100 mg capsules) or placebo for 6 winter months on top of usual medicines. Frequency, severity and duration of exacerbations were lower with cineole, and lung function, dyspnea and quality of life improved versus placebo; adverse events were comparable. Funded by a grant from Cassella-med.
  11. Worth H, Dethlefsen U. Patients with asthma benefit from concomitant therapy with cineole: a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Asthma. 2012;49(8):849-53. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2012.717657.PubMedUsed to support: Isolated cineole, not eucalyptus leaf: double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 247 patients with asthma given 200 mg cineole or placebo three times daily for 6 months alongside their usual treatment. Combined lung function, symptom and quality-of-life criteria favored cineole (p = 0.0027). The abstract does not state funding.
  12. Her L, Kanjanasilp J, Chaiyakunapruk N, Sawangjit R. Efficacy and Safety of Eucalyptus for Relieving Cough: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Integr Complement Med. 2022;28(3):218-226. doi: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0226.PubMedUsed to support: Meta-analysis of 6 randomized trials (1,857 participants with cough); 4 of 6 used eucalyptus in combination formulas, and half were at high risk of bias. Eucalyptus products beat placebo on overall cough improvement (RR 1.45) with no serious adverse events, but the authors judged the efficacy minimal and of uncertain clinical importance. The abstract does not separate leaf, oil and cineole products, so it does not test eucalyptus leaf tea.
  13. Tibballs J. Clinical effects and management of eucalyptus oil ingestion in infants and young children. Med J Aust. 1995;163(4):177-80. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124516.x.PubMedUsed to support: Case series of 109 children (mean age 23.5 months) admitted to the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, from 1981 to 1992 after swallowing eucalyptus oil: 59% had clinical effects, 28% had depressed consciousness, 37% vomited; all recovered. Significant depression of consciousness should be expected after 5 mL or more of 100% oil, and minor depression may occur after 2 to 3 mL.
  14. Webb NJ, Pitt WR. Eucalyptus oil poisoning in childhood: 41 cases in south-east Queensland. J Paediatr Child Health. 1993;29(5):368-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1993.tb00537.x.PubMedUsed to support: Retrospective review of 41 children under 14 who swallowed eucalyptus oil (1984 to 1991): 80% had no symptoms, no child needed advanced life support, and the amount taken did not correlate with symptoms. Shows the wide range of outcomes after oil ingestion.
  15. Wiesner J (rapporteur), Hönow R (assessor), Chinou I (peer reviewer); Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), European Medicines Agency. Addendum to Assessment report on Eucalyptus globulus Labill., folium (EMA/HMPC/679833/2021) European Medicines Agency. 2022;Adopted 26 January 2022 (not PubMed-indexed)..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed-indexed: EU periodic review of the leaf monograph covering 2013 to 2021 (read in full). Of 822 new references, six were judged relevant and none justified revising the monograph. Notes a mouse study in which milled leaf reduced the effects of diazepam, of unclear clinical relevance; a 4-week pilot by the extract maker in 6 Japanese men given 2,592 mg/day of an aqueous ethanol leaf extract (cineole under 0.1%) with no adverse effects; and 9 EudraVigilance reports, including one serious liver injury case from the Berlin surveillance study that its authors classed only as possible, with no dose data and all with other medicines.
  16. Sugimoto K, Kawasaki T, Tomoda M, Nakagawa K, Hayashi S, Inui H, Kajimoto Y, Yamanouchi T. Lowering of Postprandial Hyperfructosemia in Humans by Eucalyptus Leaf Extract: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study Food Sci Technol Res. 2010;16(5):509-512. doi: 10.3136/fstr.16.509 (not PubMed-indexed)..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed-indexed (J-STAGE, open access; read in full). Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled single-dose crossover in 18 adults (12 men, 6 women) with fasting blood glucose of 100 to 140 mg/dL: 0, 1 or 3 g of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract in capsules 5 minutes before 25 g of sucrose, with 2-week washouts. With 3 g, serum fructose at 30 minutes was lower than placebo (202.1 vs 228.5 micromolar, P = 0.047; group by time pattern P = 0.024), described by the authors as about a 10% smaller rise; 1 g was not significant, fructose AUC was 215.3 vs 227.1 with no significant difference reported, and glucose and insulin did not differ. No adverse events related to the extract. Three of eight authors were employees of Nagaoka Perfumery, the extract maker.