Enzogenol® (Pinus radiata Bark Extract)

Pinus radiata D. Don (New Zealand monterey pine)
Evidence Level
Limited
5 Clinical Trials
8 Documented Benefits
2/5 Evidence Score

Enzogenol® is a branded New Zealand pine bark extract (Pinus radiata) made by ENZO Nutraceuticals via water-only extraction (no chemical solvents). Compositionally similar to Pycnogenol® (Pinus pinaster) — both proanthocyanidin-rich pine bark extracts — but distinct source species, manufacturing process, and clinical trial portfolio. Standardized to >80% proanthocyanidins plus 1-2% taxifolin (a flavonoid uncommon in other pine bark extracts). Best evidence: a 5 week trial in 42 healthy, overweight, sedentary men aged 50 to 65 in which Enzogenol was given together with 60 mg of vitamin C, and a 6 week pilot trial in 60 adults recovering from a mild traumatic brain injury. Both are small single trials, and the first does not isolate Enzogenol from the vitamin C. A 2020 Cochrane review of 27 randomised trials in 1,641 people concluded that small sample sizes, few trials per condition, varied outcome measures and poor reporting mean no definitive conclusions about the efficacy or the safety of pine bark extract supplements are possible.

Studied Dose Cognitive trial: 480 mg/day, given together with 60 mg of vitamin C. Mild traumatic brain injury pilot trial: 1,000 mg/day.
Active Compound Proanthocyanidins (>80%; oligomeric procyanidins B-1, B-3, B-6, C-2 + polymeric), taxifolin (1–2%, dihydroquercetin), other flavonoids/phenolic acids.

Benefits

Speed on memory tasks in older men, tested alongside vitamin C

In a 5 week placebo controlled trial, 42 healthy, overweight, sedentary men aged 50 to 65 took Enzogenol 480 mg/day together with 60 mg of vitamin C. The published result was faster speed of response on a spatial working memory task and an immediate recognition task. Because vitamin C was given alongside it, the trial cannot show what Enzogenol does on its own. This is one small trial in one narrow group of men, so it says nothing about women, younger people or people of normal weight.

Studied in adults recovering from a mild head injury

This was studied in people with a diagnosed condition, not in healthy buyers. A pilot placebo controlled trial gave 1,000 mg/day to 60 adults who still had cognitive complaints 3 to 12 months after a mild traumatic brain injury, for 6 weeks. Those taking Enzogenol reported fewer everyday cognitive failures on a questionnaire (mean difference -6.9 points, 95% CI -10.8 to -4.1). That is a self reported outcome, and the improvement was established using trend and breakpoint analyses rather than a standard endpoint comparison. Objective cognitive tests showed trends but no significant difference. The authors called for a larger trial. Nothing here shows a benefit for people who have not had a head injury.

Blood pressure: uncontrolled pilot data only

An open label 12 week pilot in adults aged 55 to 75 using Enzogenol plus vitamin C suggested a possible reduction in systolic blood pressure and changes in some blood flow markers. It had no placebo group and no control, so it is uncontrolled and hypothesis generating only. A 5 week follow up at 960 mg/day showed about a 7 mmHg systolic reduction that was not statistically significant in the smaller sample. Neither of these two studies appears in the references listed on this page, so a reader cannot check them, and a blood pressure benefit has not been demonstrated.

Oxidative stress markers in chronic smokers

This was studied in 44 chronic smokers, a group chosen because they already have impaired blood vessel function, so it is not a healthy population. Everyone in the trial received vitamin C, and adding Enzogenol did better than vitamin C alone on some markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. The effect was small, and a change in a laboratory marker is not the same as a change in health.

Anti-inflammatory activity in laboratory cell studies

In laboratory studies on cells in a dish, not in people, Enzogenol reduced TNF-alpha driven adhesion molecule expression and monocyte movement across the cell layer. This work is not among the references listed on this page. These are early steps in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Cellular mechanism support for cardiovascular hypotheses; not direct human outcome evidence.

Taxifolin content: a composition difference, not a proven benefit

Enzogenol contains 1-2% taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) — a flavonoid largely absent from Pycnogenol® and other pine bark extracts. Taxifolin shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in laboratory studies. This is a difference in composition, not a proven health benefit: no trial has compared Enzogenol against Pycnogenol head to head, and nothing shows that taxifolin explains any of the results seen in people.

Water only extraction: a manufacturing note

Manufactured by ENZO Nutraceuticals using water-only extraction — no organic solvents (ethanol, acetone, methanol). This is a manufacturing and marketing difference from Pycnogenol, which uses an ethanol and water mixture. Water extraction avoids solvent residues, but no study has shown that it changes how the extract works in people. This is a production detail, not a health benefit.

2020 Cochrane review — pine bark extracts overall

A 2020 Cochrane systematic review covered 27 RCTs of pine bark extracts (Pycnogenol, Flavangenol, Oligopin, Enzogenol, others) across 10 chronic conditions. It pooled 1,641 participants. The authors concluded that small sample sizes, limited numbers of trials per condition, variation in outcome measures and poor reporting of the included trials mean no definitive conclusions about the efficacy or the safety of pine bark extract supplements are possible. Honest framing: Enzogenol's individual evidence is modest — strongest for cognitive function, suggestive for cardiovascular, mechanism-level for anti-inflammatory.

Mechanism of action

1

Proanthocyanidin antioxidant activity

Oligomeric procyanidins (B-1, B-3, B-6, C-2 and polymeric forms) scavenge free radicals in laboratory tests, with antioxidant capacity comparable to Pycnogenol in some of those tests. Whether meaningful amounts reach the brain in people has not been shown, so the link to cognition is a proposed pathway rather than a demonstrated one. Class effect shared across pine bark extracts; structural variation between sources may affect specific bioactivity.

2

Taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) bioactivity

Enzogenol's 1 to 2 percent taxifolin content is uncommon among pine bark extracts, and taxifolin shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activity in laboratory studies. No trial has compared Enzogenol against Pycnogenol in people, so whether their effects differ is unknown. Compositional characterization established the distinct fingerprint.

3

Endothelial anti-inflammatory effects

In cells grown in the laboratory, Enzogenol reduced TNF-alpha driven VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression and lowered monocyte adhesion and movement across the cell layer. This is a proposed explanation for possible cardiovascular effects, not evidence of an effect in people.

4

Possible cognitive mechanism

Polyphenol crossing of the blood-brain barrier with subsequent antioxidant effects on neuronal mitochondria. Reduction in neuroinflammation via NF-κB modulation. Possible improvement in cerebral blood flow via endothelial NO support. Multiple plausible mechanisms; specific contribution to clinical effects not definitively established.

Clinical trials

1
Working Memory

5 week placebo controlled trial in 42 healthy, overweight, sedentary men aged 50 to 65. Enzogenol 480 mg/day plus 60 mg vitamin C.

42 overweight sedentary men aged 50-65

5 week placebo controlled trial in 42 healthy, overweight, sedentary men aged 50 to 65. Enzogenol 480 mg/day was given together with 60 mg of vitamin C. The reported result was improved speed of response on the spatial working memory and immediate recognition tasks. Because vitamin C was given alongside, the trial does not isolate Enzogenol. One small trial in one narrow group of men.

2
Mild TBI Cognitive Recovery

Pilot clinical trial in 60 adults with persistent cognitive complaints 3-12 months post mild TBI. Enzogenol 1,000 mg/day × 6 weeks then crossover.

60 adults with persistent cognitive complaints 3-12 months post mild TBI

Pilot placebo controlled trial in 60 adults who still had cognitive complaints 3 to 12 months after a mild traumatic brain injury. Enzogenol 1,000 mg/day for 6 weeks. Self reported cognitive failures fell (-6.9 points, 95% CI -10.8 to -4.1), a questionnaire outcome the authors analysed with trend and breakpoint methods. Objective cognitive tests showed trends but no significant difference. The authors recommended a larger confirmatory trial. This is research in people recovering from a head injury and does not carry over to healthy users.

3
Cardiovascular Pilot

Open-label 12-week pilot in 24 healthy adults aged 55-75.

24 healthy adults aged 55-75

Open label 12 week pilot in 24 adults aged 55 to 75, with no placebo group and no control. Enzogenol was given with vitamin C, and a possible systolic blood pressure reduction was observed. Uncontrolled and hypothesis generating only. A later 5 week trial showed about a 7 mmHg systolic reduction that was not statistically significant. Neither study is among the references listed on this page.

4
Endothelial Function in Smokers

Clinical trial comparing Enzogenol + vitamin C vs vitamin C alone in chronic smokers.

44 chronic smokers

Trial in 44 chronic smokers comparing Enzogenol plus vitamin C against vitamin C alone. Smokers were chosen because they already have impaired blood vessel function, so this is not a healthy population. Adding Enzogenol did better than vitamin C alone on some oxidative stress and inflammation markers. The effect was small, and these are laboratory markers rather than health outcomes.

5
Cochrane Review — Pine Bark Extracts Overall

Evidence review of 27 clinical trials of all pine bark extracts (Pycnogenol, Flavangenol, Oligopin, Enzogenol, others) across 10 chronic conditions.

27 randomised trials, 1,641 participants

Cochrane review of 27 randomised trials with 1,641 participants, covering all pine bark extracts (Pycnogenol, Flavangenol, Oligopin, Enzogenol, others) across 10 chronic conditions. The authors concluded that small sample sizes, limited numbers of trials per condition, variation in outcome measures and poor reporting mean no definitive conclusions about the efficacy or the safety of pine bark extract supplements are possible.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

Generally well tolerated in the short trials done so far, which ran 5 to 6 weeks. Safety is not confirmed: the 2020 Cochrane review of pine bark extracts concluded that no definitive conclusions about safety, as well as efficacy, are possible.
Mild GI symptoms occasionally reported.
Pine bark allergy: avoid in those with known pine allergies.
Pregnancy/lactation: limited specific safety data; precautionary avoidance at clinical doses.
Water only extraction avoids solvent residues, but this is a manufacturing detail and has not been shown to make the product safer in people.

Important Drug interactions

Anticoagulants (warfarin, DOACs): theoretical mild antiplatelet effects from polyphenols; monitor.
Antihypertensives: theoretical additive BP effects; monitor when adding to existing regimens.
Statins: no interactions reported; there is no evidence that combining them adds any cardiovascular benefit.
Antidiabetic medications: compatible; no significant interactions reported.
Iron supplements: separate by 2+ hours due to polyphenol-mineral chelation.

Frequently asked questions about Enzogenol® (Pinus radiata Bark Extract)

What is Enzogenol?

Enzogenol® is a branded New Zealand pine bark extract (Pinus radiata) made by ENZO Nutraceuticals via water-only extraction (no chemical solvents). Compositionally similar to Pycnogenol® (Pinus pinaster) — both proanthocyanidin-rich pine bark extracts — but distinct source species, manufacturing process, and clinical t…

What is Enzogenol used for?

Enzogenol is researched primarily for Cognitive, Cardiovascular, and Antioxidant. In a 5 week placebo controlled trial, 42 healthy, overweight, sedentary men aged 50 to 65 took Enzogenol 480 mg/day together with 60 mg of vitamin C.

What is the recommended dosage of Enzogenol?

The clinically studied dose is Cognitive trial: 480 mg/day, given together with 60 mg of vitamin C. Mild traumatic brain injury pilot trial: 1,000 mg/day. Always follow the product label and check with a healthcare provider for personal advice.

Is Enzogenol safe, and does it have side effects?

For most healthy adults, Enzogenol is well tolerated at studied doses. Reported effects can include: Generally well tolerated in the short trials done so far, which ran 5 to 6 weeks. Safety is not confirmed: the 2020 Cochrane review of pine bark extracts concluded that no definitive conclusions about safety, as well as efficacy, are possible. It may also interact with some medications. Enzogenol is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Enzogenol interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: Anticoagulants (warfarin, DOACs): theoretical mild antiplatelet effects from polyphenols; monitor. Antihypertensives: theoretical additive BP effects; monitor when adding to existing regimens. If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Enzogenol?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Enzogenol as Limited (2 out of 5). It is backed by 5 clinical trials and 4 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(4 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Pipingas A, Silberstein RB, Vitetta L, Van Rooy C, Harris EV, Young JM, Frampton CM, Sali A, Nastasi J Improved cognitive performance after dietary supplementation with a Pinus radiata bark extract formulation Phytotherapy Research. 2008;22(9):1168-74. doi:10.1002/ptr.2388.PubMedUsed to support: 5 week randomised trial of Enzogenol 480 mg/day plus 60 mg vitamin C in 42 healthy, overweight, sedentary men aged 50 to 65: improved speed of response for the spatial working memory and immediate recognition tasks. Because vitamin C was given alongside, the trial does not isolate Enzogenol. Supports working memory in healthy older adults.
  2. Theadom A, Mahon S, Barker-Collo S, McPherson K, Rush E, Vandal AC, Feigin VL Enzogenol for cognitive functioning in traumatic brain injury: a pilot placebo-controlled RCT European Journal of Neurology. 2013;20(8):1135-44. doi:10.1111/ene.12099.PubMedUsed to support: 6-week pilot placebo-controlled RCT of Enzogenol 1,000 mg/day in mild TBI adults (n=60, persistent cognitive symptoms): significant reduction in cognitive failures (CFQ mean difference −6.9, 95% CI −10.8 to −4.1) vs placebo. Studied in adults with a diagnosed mild traumatic brain injury; it does not show a benefit for people who have not had a head injury.
  3. Young JM, Shand BI, McGregor PM, Scott RS, Frampton CM Comparative effects of enzogenol and vitamin C supplementation versus vitamin C alone on endothelial function and biochemical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic smokers Free Radical Research. 2006;40(1):85-94. doi:10.1080/10715760500329788.PubMedUsed to support: Randomised trial of Enzogenol plus vitamin C vs vitamin C alone in 44 chronic smokers: protein carbonyls (oxidative stress marker) decreased more in Enzogenol group; fibrinogen significantly reduced in heavy smokers. Supports a small effect on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in a selected population with impaired baseline blood vessel function; it does not establish a cardiovascular benefit for healthy people.
  4. Robertson NU, Schoonees A, Brand A, Visser J. Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;9(9):CD008294..PubMedUsed to support: Cochrane systematic review of 27 randomized trials (1,641 participants) of pine bark extracts across chronic conditions; the authors concluded that no definitive conclusions about efficacy or safety are possible.