Home Ingredients Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera)
Women's Health

Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera)

Phoenix dactylifera
Evidence Level
Limited
7 Clinical Trials
6 Documented Benefits
2/5 Evidence Score

Date fruit is the sweet fruit of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), eaten fresh, dried, or as paste or syrup. Dried dates are mostly sugar: USDA lists about 63 to 67 g of sugars, 7 to 8 g of fiber and 656 to 696 mg of potassium per 100 g, depending on the variety. Most human research is small trials of dates eaten in late pregnancy. One randomized trial recorded less oxytocin use to strengthen labor but no earlier start of labor, while trials that were not truly randomized reported shorter labor. Single trials after birth measured blood loss and breast milk volume. Glycemic index tests rated dates low to medium, and 60 g a day for 12 weeks did not change HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes compared with raisins. Dates can trigger allergic reactions in some people. Pregnancy decisions belong with the care team. Date fruit is not jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), which is also called Chinese date.

Studied Dose About 70 to 80 g (6 or 7 dates) a day from week 36 or 37 of pregnancy; 100 g once after birth; 10 dates a day for 4 weeks while breastfeeding; 7 dates (about 50 g) a day for 3 weeks; 60 g a day for 12 weeks.
Active Compound Whole date fruit (fresh, dried, paste or syrup): mainly the sugars glucose and fructose, plus sucrose in some varieties, with dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium and phenolic compounds.

Benefits

Late-pregnancy date eating in a randomized birth study

In a randomized trial of 154 first-time mothers in Malaysia, eating dates daily from about week 36 (7 dates, about 80 g) was followed by less use of oxytocin to strengthen labor than routine care. Dates did not bring on labor sooner, and there was no significant difference in induction, delivery mode, bleeding or newborn Apgar scores. There was no placebo food.

Supported by Trial 1

Late-pregnancy date eating in two birth studies without true randomization

In an Iranian trial of 182 first-time mothers, assigned by clinic weekday rather than true randomization, 70 to 75 g of dates a day from week 37 was followed by greater cervical dilation on admission, more labors that started on their own and less oxytocin use. A non-randomized Jordanian study of 114 women reported similar differences. Reviews rated most such studies at high risk of bias.

Supported by Trial 2, Trial 1

Postpartum blood loss chart scores in a randomized date trial

In a non-blinded randomized trial of 98 women in Iran, 100 g of dates eaten 2 hours after a vaginal birth was followed by lower blood loss scores over the next 24 hours than in a control group that ate no dates (median 35 vs 39 on a pictorial chart). Blood loss was self-recorded on the chart, and this was a single trial.

Supported by Trial 3

Breast milk volume in a postpartum trial

In a randomized trial of 48 breastfeeding mothers in Thailand with infants aged 1 to 3 months, eating 10 dates a day on top of the usual diet for 4 weeks raised pumped breast milk volume (by 23% from baseline at week 4) more than the usual diet alone. Infant weight-for-age did not differ, and there was no placebo food.

Supported by Trial 4

Stool frequency with seven dates a day

In a randomized crossover study of 22 healthy UK adults, 7 Ajwa dates (about 50 g) a day for 3 weeks raised stool frequency, with no diarrhea, while stool form, bloating and pain did not change. The paper's table tests the rise against baseline rather than against the sugar control, and gut bacteria counts and short-chain fatty acids did not differ from control.

Supported by Trial 5

Post-meal blood sugar response and 12-week HbA1c with daily dates

Glycemic index tests placed dried dates in the low to medium range (about 44 to 55 for five varieties, and about 53 to 71 across ripening stages in another study), though a 50 g carbohydrate portion is a large serving. In a 12-week randomized trial in adults with type 2 diabetes, 60 g a day of dates did not change HbA1c, fasting glucose or blood lipids compared with raisins.

Supported by Trial 6, Trial 7

Mechanism of action

1

Sugar, fiber and mineral content

USDA lists, per 100 g of Medjool dates, 277 kcal, 66.5 g of sugars (about equal glucose and fructose), 6.7 g of fiber and 696 mg of potassium; Deglet Noor dates have 63.4 g of sugars, including 23.8 g of sucrose, and 8.0 g of fiber. A pitted Medjool date weighs about 24 g and a Deglet Noor date about 7 g.

2

Proposed explanations for the labor findings

Trial authors suggest that the sugars supply energy for labor, that fatty acids in dates may feed prostaglandin production, and that dates may make the uterus respond better to oxytocin. These ideas rest on earlier lab and animal work cited by the authors; none of the human trials measured them.

3

Polyphenols and fecal water in the crossover study

The 50 g of Ajwa dates supplied about 3.9 g of fiber and 750 mg of polyphenols. Fecal water collected after the date period caused less DNA damage to cells in a lab assay (the Comet assay) than after the control period. Gut bacteria counts and short-chain fatty acids did not change. This is a lab marker, not a health outcome.

Clinical trials

1
Daily Dates from Week 36 and Labor Outcomes: RCT in Malaysia
PubMed

Randomized controlled trial in Malaysia of daily date fruit in late pregnancy versus routine care, with no placebo food; details of the date amount come from a later systematic review. (Razali et al. 2017, J Obstet Gynaecol)

154 first-time mothers with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy (77 per group); the date group ate 7 dates (about 80 g) a day from 36 weeks until active labor.

The date group needed oxytocin to augment labor less often than the control group but had a longer interval from the start of the intervention to delivery. Spontaneous onset of labor did not differ. A later review lists no significant differences in cervical dilation on admission, labor stage lengths, induction, delivery mode, bleeding, hemoglobin, Apgar scores, neonatal unit admission or birth weight.

2
Dates from Week 37 and Labor Length: Quasi-Randomized Trial in Iran
PubMed

Trial at OmAlBanin Hospital, Mashhad, Iran (registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials), described as randomized, but groups were assigned by clinic day of the week; no placebo food, and women in the date group who ate dates for less than 2 weeks were excluded. (Kordi et al. 2017, Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res)

182 first-time mothers aged 18 to 35 (91 per group); 70 to 75 g of Mazafati dates (6 or 7) a day from week 37 versus no dates.

Cervical dilation on admission was greater with dates (4.05 vs 2.54 cm, P < 0.0001), labor started on its own more often (94.5% vs 41.3%) and oxytocin was used less often (5.5% vs 48.7%). The active phase and the second and third stages were shorter overall. Among women whose labor started on its own, the active phase did not differ (P = 0.24), while the second and third stages were shorter.

3
100 g of Dates After Birth and 24-Hour Blood Loss: RCT in Iran
PubMed

Two-group, non-blinded randomized trial at Al-Zahra Hospital, Rasht, Iran (registered IRCT20210607051505N2), with allocation hidden in sequentially numbered sealed envelopes. (Niknami et al. 2023, BMC Womens Health)

98 women randomized after a vaginal birth; 93 analyzed (48 dates, 45 control). The date group ate 100 g of Mazafati dates 2 hours after delivery; the control group ate no dates.

Median blood loss on the Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart over the first 24 hours was 35.0 with dates and 39.0 in the control group, a median difference of 9.0 units (95% CI 2.0 to 18.0, P = 0.009). The authors list the self-reported chart as a limitation, and there was no placebo food.

4
Ten Dates a Day and Breast Milk Volume: 4-Week RCT in Thailand
PubMed

Parallel randomized controlled trial in Bangkok, Thailand, comparing the usual diet plus date fruit with the usual diet alone; no placebo food. (Modepeng et al. 2021, Breastfeed Med)

48 breastfeeding women and their infants aged 1 to 3 months (25 dates, 23 control); 10 dates a day for 4 weeks.

Milk volume, measured with an electric breast pump over 2 days, rose 11% from baseline by week 2 and 23% by week 4 in the date group, and was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Infant weight-for-age did not differ between groups.

5
Seven Ajwa Dates a Day and Bowel Measures: 3-Week Crossover RCT
PubMed

Randomized, controlled, single-masked crossover trial at the University of Reading, UK (registered NCT02288611), comparing Ajwa dates with an energy-matched maltodextrin and dextrose control, 21 days each with a 14-day washout. (Eid et al. 2015, Br J Nutr)

22 healthy adults aged 18 to 55 (21 completed); 7 dates (about 50 g) a day or 37.1 g of the sugar control.

Stool frequency was 1.40 a day after the date period and 1.21 after the control period; the table marks the rise as significant against baseline. Stool form, abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence did not differ. Bacterial counts and short-chain fatty acids did not change versus control. Fecal water after dates caused less DNA damage in a lab assay than after control (P < 0.01).

6
60 g of Dates vs Raisins Daily: 12-Week RCT on HbA1c (no difference)
PubMed

Prospective, randomized, parallel trial at King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain, with computer-generated block randomization, comparing dates with raisins matched for glycemic index; the authors declare no conflicts. (Butler et al. 2022, Nutrients)

79 adults aged 30 to 76 with type 2 diabetes (39 dates, 40 raisins); 61 completed. 60 g a day of Khalas dates or of raisins, split between midmorning and midafternoon, for 12 weeks.

HbA1c, fasting glucose and their variability, HOMA insulin resistance, blood lipids, blood pressure and CRP did not differ between or within groups (p > 0.05); final HbA1c was 7.5% with dates and 7.6% with raisins. Weight did not change. Six people withdrew from the date group and 12 from the raisin group.

7
Glycemic Index of Five Date Varieties: Healthy and Diabetic Volunteers
PubMed

Glycemic index study at United Arab Emirates University (registered NCT01307904): each volunteer took 50 g of glucose on 3 days and portions of 5 date varieties at the Tamer stage, each supplying 50 g of available carbohydrate, on separate days. (Alkaabi et al. 2011, Nutr J)

13 healthy adults (mean age 40) and 10 adults with type 2 diabetes managed with lifestyle measures or metformin (mean HbA1c 6.6%).

Mean glycemic indices were 46.3 to 55.1 in the healthy volunteers and 43.8 to 53.0 in those with diabetes, with no significant differences between varieties or between the two groups. These were single test portions, not daily intake.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

Dates are sugar dense: USDA lists about 63 to 67 g of sugars and about 280 kcal per 100 g, so the 70 to 80 g a day used in the late-pregnancy trials adds roughly 45 to 55 g of sugar. Count dates like other dried fruit if you track sugar or calories.
Date fruit can cause allergic reactions. In a Saudi allergy clinic study, about 13% of atopic patients had positive skin tests to at least two date fruit extracts, and antibodies from people allergic to date fruit or date palm pollen recognized shared fruit proteins.
Dried dates can carry molds. In 19 commercial samples, mostly from Tunisia and Algeria, Aspergillus species were the main fungi, and one sample contained the mold toxin ochratoxin A at a low level. Discard dates that look or smell moldy.
Safety reporting in the pregnancy and birth studies is thin: a 2024 review found that only 4 of 48 studies recorded adverse effects, none of which reported any, and called the safety of eating dates in late pregnancy still uncertain. Discuss it with the clinician or midwife managing the pregnancy.

Important Drug interactions

Insulin and other glucose-lowering medicines: dates add a large sugar load per serving. In a 12-week trial, 60 g a day did not change HbA1c compared with raisins, but dates should be counted in carbohydrate planning and blood sugar monitored.
Medicines or diets that limit potassium: USDA lists 656 to 696 mg of potassium per 100 g of dates, so people told to restrict potassium should count them.
No formal drug interaction studies of date fruit in people were found.

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Frequently asked questions about Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera)

What did the late-pregnancy date studies measure?

They tracked birth-process outcomes such as cervical dilation on arrival at hospital, whether labor started on its own, how often oxytocin was used and how long each stage lasted. Only one of the main studies was a properly randomized trial; it found less oxytocin use but no earlier start of labor. These are study outcomes, not a reason to change any plan agreed with a midwife or doctor.

How much date fruit did the studies use?

The late-pregnancy studies used about 6 or 7 dates a day (70 to 80 g) for the last 3 to 4 weeks. One study gave 100 g once after birth, one gave 10 dates a day for 4 weeks while breastfeeding, a bowel study used 7 dates (about 50 g) a day, and a 12-week blood sugar trial used 60 g a day. Date sizes vary a lot: a Medjool date weighs about 24 g and a Deglet Noor date about 7 g.

Are dates high in sugar?

Yes. USDA lists about 63 to 67 g of sugars and about 280 kcal per 100 g of dried dates. Their measured glycemic index was low to medium in several studies, and 60 g a day for 12 weeks did not change HbA1c compared with raisins in adults managing blood sugar, but the sugar still counts toward daily intake.

Can dates cause allergic reactions?

Yes. In a Saudi allergy clinic study, about 13% of atopic patients (people prone to allergies) had positive skin tests to at least two date fruit extracts, and some proteins were shared with date palm pollen. Anyone who reacts to dates or date palm pollen should ask an allergist before eating them.

What is Date Fruit?

Date fruit is the sweet fruit of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), eaten fresh, dried, or as paste or syrup. Dried dates are mostly sugar: USDA lists about 63 to 67 g of sugars, 7 to 8 g of fiber and 656 to 696 mg of potassium per 100 g, depending on the variety.

What is Date Fruit used for?

Date Fruit is researched primarily for Women's Health. In a randomized trial of 154 first-time mothers in Malaysia, eating dates daily from about week 36 (7 dates, about 80 g) was followed by less use of oxytocin to strengthen labor than routine care.

Is Date Fruit safe, and does it have side effects?

Side effects and cautions reported for Date Fruit include: Dates are sugar dense: USDA lists about 63 to 67 g of sugars and about 280 kcal per 100 g, so the 70 to 80 g a day used in the late-pregnancy trials adds roughly 45 to 55 g of sugar. Count dates like other dried fruit if you track sugar or calories. It may also interact with some medications. Date Fruit is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Date Fruit interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: Insulin and other glucose-lowering medicines: dates add a large sugar load per serving. In a 12-week trial, 60 g a day did not change HbA1c compared with raisins, but dates should be counted in carbohydrate planning and blood sugar monitored. If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Date Fruit?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Date Fruit as Limited (2 out of 5). It is backed by 7 study summaries and 15 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(15 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Razali N, Mohd Nahwari SH, Sulaiman S, Hassan J. Date fruit consumption at term: Effect on length of gestation, labour and delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;37(5):595-600. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1283304.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized controlled trial in 154 first-time mothers in Malaysia: eating dates in late pregnancy reduced the need for labor augmentation compared with routine care but did not change the onset of spontaneous labor; the interval from intervention to delivery was longer in the date group.
  2. Kordi M, Meybodi FA, Tara F, Fakari FR, Nemati M, Shakeri M. Effect of Dates in Late Pregnancy on the Duration of Labor in Nulliparous Women. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2017;22(5):383-387. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_213_15.PubMedUsed to support: Trial in 182 first-time mothers in Mashhad, Iran, with groups assigned by clinic weekday: 70 to 75 g of dates a day from week 37 was followed by greater cervical dilation on admission, more spontaneous labor (94.5% vs 41.3%) and less oxytocin use (5.5% vs 48.7%) than no dates; shorter labor stages overall.
  3. Al-Kuran O, Al-Mehaisen L, Bawadi H, Beitawi S, Amarin Z. The effect of late pregnancy consumption of date fruit on labour and delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;31(1):29-31. doi: 10.3109/01443615.2010.522267.PubMedUsed to support: Prospective non-randomized study in Jordan: 69 women who ate 6 dates a day for 4 weeks before their due date had greater cervical dilation on admission (3.52 vs 2.02 cm), more spontaneous labor (96% vs 79%) and less prostin or oxytocin use (28% vs 47%) than 45 women who ate none. The authors called for a randomized trial.
  4. Niknami M, Farash M, Rahnavardi M, Maroufizadeh S, Darkhaneh RF. The effect of date fruit consumption on early postpartum hemorrhage: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Womens Health. 2023;23(1):441. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02604-9.PubMedUsed to support: Non-blinded randomized trial in 98 women after vaginal birth in Rasht, Iran: 100 g of dates 2 hours after delivery was followed by lower self-recorded blood loss scores over 24 hours than control (median 35.0 vs 39.0, P = 0.009).
  5. Modepeng T, Pavadhgul P, Bumrungpert A, Kitipichai W. The Effects of Date Fruit Consumption on Breast Milk Quantity and Nutritional Status of Infants. Breastfeed Med. 2021;16(11):909-914. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0031.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized trial in 48 breastfeeding mothers in Thailand: 10 dates a day for 4 weeks increased pumped breast milk volume (23% from baseline at week 4) more than the usual diet alone; infant weight-for-age did not differ.
  6. Eid N, Osmanova H, Natchez C, Walton G, Costabile A, Gibson G, Rowland I, Spencer JP. Impact of palm date consumption on microbiota growth and large intestinal health: a randomised, controlled, cross-over, human intervention study. Br J Nutr. 2015;114(8):1226-36. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515002780.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized, single-masked crossover trial in 22 healthy UK adults: 7 Ajwa dates (about 50 g) a day for 21 days increased stool frequency (tested against baseline in the paper's table) and reduced fecal water genotoxicity in a lab assay versus a sugar control, without changing gut bacteria counts or short-chain fatty acids.
  7. Butler AE, Obaid J, Wasif P, Varghese JV, Abdulrahman R, Alromaihi D, Atkin SL, Alamuddin N. Effect of Date Fruit Consumption on the Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2022;14(17):3491. doi: 10.3390/nu14173491.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized parallel trial in 79 adults with type 2 diabetes in Bahrain (61 completed): 60 g a day of dates or glycemic index-matched raisins for 12 weeks did not change HbA1c, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, lipids, blood pressure or CRP, between or within groups.
  8. Alkaabi JM, Al-Dabbagh B, Ahmad S, Saadi HF, Gariballa S, Ghazali MA. Glycemic indices of five varieties of dates in healthy and diabetic subjects. Nutr J. 2011;10:59. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-59.PubMedUsed to support: Glycemic index study in 13 healthy adults and 10 adults with type 2 diabetes: five date varieties gave mean glycemic indices of 46.3 to 55.1 and 43.8 to 53.0, with no significant differences between varieties or groups.
  9. Alzahrani AM, Alghamdi K, Bagasi A, Alrashed OA, Alqifari AF, Barakat H, Algeffari M. Influence of Date Ripeness on Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Glycemic Response in Various Saudi Arabian Date Varieties. Cureus. 2023;15(11):e48433. doi: 10.7759/cureus.48433.PubMedUsed to support: Glycemic index study in 13 healthy adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Khalas and Barhi dates at three ripening stages gave glycemic indices of about 53 to 71, with no significant difference in glycemic index between stages but significant differences in glycemic load.
  10. Rock W, Rosenblat M, Borochov-Neori H, Volkova N, Judeinstein S, Elias M, Aviram M. Effects of date ( Phoenix dactylifera L., Medjool or Hallawi Variety) consumption by healthy subjects on serum glucose and lipid levels and on serum oxidative status: a pilot study. J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57(17):8010-7. doi: 10.1021/jf901559a.PubMedUsed to support: Uncontrolled pilot study in 10 healthy adults: 100 g a day of Medjool or Hallawi dates for 4 weeks did not raise fasting glucose or change BMI or cholesterol, and serum triacylglycerols fell 8% or 15% from baseline. No control group.
  11. Salajegheh Z, Nasiri M, Imanipour M, Zamanifard M, Sadeghi O, Ghasemi Dehcheshmeh M, Asadi M. Is oral consumption of dates (Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit) in the peripartum period effective and safe integrative care to facilitate childbirth and improve perinatal outcomes: a comprehensive revised systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024;24(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-06196-y.PubMedUsed to support: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 48 studies (55 publications) of dates in late pregnancy, labor or after birth: pooled results favored dates for gestation and labor length, induction and spontaneous delivery, postpartum bleeding and breast milk volume, but risk of bias was high in most studies, evidence quality was judged poor, and only 4 studies recorded adverse effects. Its study table reports the Malaysian trial's dose as 7 dates (80 g) a day from 36 weeks and lists its null secondary outcomes.
  12. Bagherzadeh Karimi A, Elmi A, Mirghafourvand M, Baghervand Navid R. Effects of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on labor and delivery outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):210. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-02915-x.PubMedUsed to support: Meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials: dates shortened the active phase of labor and improved the Bishop score, but did not change the length of the first, second or third stages or the frequency of cesarean section; study quality was low to moderate.
  13. Kwaasi AA, Harfi HA, Parhar RS, Al-Sedairy ST, Collison KS, Panzani RC, Al-Mohanna FA. Allergy to date fruits: characterization of antigens and allergens of fruits of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Allergy. 1999;54(12):1270-7. doi: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00116.x.PubMedUsed to support: Allergy study in Saudi Arabia: about 13% of atopic patients had positive skin prick tests to at least two of eight date fruit extracts, and sera from date-fruit-allergic and date-pollen-allergic patients bound common fruit proteins.
  14. Nikolchina I, Rodrigues P. A preliminary study on mycobiota and ochratoxin a contamination in commercial palm dates (Phoenix dactylifera). Mycotoxin Res. 2021;37(3):215-220. doi: 10.1007/s12550-021-00432-0.PubMedUsed to support: Survey of 19 commercial date samples, mostly from Tunisia and Algeria: Aspergillus niger, A. tubingensis and A. flavus were the dominant fungi, and ochratoxin A was found in one sample at 0.75 micrograms per kg.
  15. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central, SR Legacy: Dates, medjool (FDC ID 168191) and Dates, deglet noor (FDC ID 171726). USDA FoodData Central. 2019;SR Legacy, last updated April 2019; accessed 2026..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed-indexed; official USDA nutrient database. Per 100 g, Medjool dates: 277 kcal, 75.0 g carbohydrate, 66.5 g total sugars (33.7 g glucose, 32.0 g fructose, 0.53 g sucrose), 6.7 g fiber, 696 mg potassium, 54 mg magnesium; one pitted date about 24 g. Deglet Noor dates: 282 kcal, 63.4 g total sugars (23.8 g sucrose), 8.0 g fiber, 656 mg potassium; one pitted date about 7.1 g.