Home Ingredients Lovage Root (Levisticum officinale)

Lovage Root (Levisticum officinale)

Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch, radix
Evidence Level
Preliminary
4 Clinical Trials
6 Documented Benefits
1/5 Evidence Score

Lovage (Levisticum officinale) is a strongly aromatic herb of the carrot family whose dried root has long been drunk as a tea in Europe to increase urine flow. The European Medicines Agency accepts lovage root tea as a traditional herbal medicine to flush the urinary tract as an add-on in minor urinary complaints, based only on long-standing use; it found no published clinical study of lovage root on its own. The human trials that exist tested Canephron N, a blend of lovage root, centaury and rosemary, so they cannot show what lovage does alone. Other findings come from lab and animal work. The root contains furanocoumarins that react with sunlight, and German handbooks advise against it with acute kidney inflammation or reduced kidney function, and against flushing use for swelling from reduced heart or kidney function. It is not recommended in pregnancy, breastfeeding or under age 18.

Studied Dose No human trial has tested lovage root alone. EU traditional use: tea of 2 to 3 g dried root in 150 ml boiling water twice daily (4 to 6 g a day) for no more than 2 to 4 weeks. Blend trials used tablets with 18 mg each of lovage, centaury and rosemary, 2 tablets 3 times daily.
Active Compound Dried root of Levisticum officinale. It holds about 0.6 to 1% volatile oil, up to 70% of it alkylphthalides, chiefly (Z)-ligustilide and butylidenephthalides, which give the root its smell; polyacetylenes such as falcarindiol and falcarinol; coumarins and furanocoumarins, including apterin, xanthotoxin, isopimpinellin, pimpinellin, psoralen and bergapten; and phenolic acids such as chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acid. (Z)-ligustilide has been described as the lead component of the root.

Benefits

Traditional use to increase urine flow

The European Medicines Agency accepts lovage root tea as a traditional herbal medicine to increase the amount of urine and flush the urinary tract as an add-on in minor urinary complaints, based only on long-standing use. Its review found no published clinical studies of lovage root alone, and a 2021 periodic review found nothing that changed this.

Supported by Trial 3, Trial 4

Urinary tract findings for a lovage, centaury and rosemary blend

In a double-blind trial of 659 women with acute bladder infection, tablets with 18 mg each of lovage root, centaury and rosemary for 7 days left 83.5% needing no further antibiotics versus 89.8% after one antibiotic dose, within the preset margin, while 5 women versus 1 developed kidney infection. The maker sponsored it; lovage's share cannot be separated.

Supported by Trial 1, Trial 2

Pooled studies of the three-herb blend compared with antibiotics

A 2026 review pooled 12 studies (3,821 patients; eight randomized) of the lovage, centaury and rosemary blend in people with or at risk of urinary infections, mostly compared with antibiotics. It reported similar symptom relief, similar overall adverse events and fewer digestive side effects with the blend, but study designs varied widely. None tested lovage on its own.

Supported by Trial 3

Inflammatory pain in rat bladder models of the three-herb blend

Given by mouth, the powdered lovage, centaury and rosemary mixture in Canephron N reduced inflammation and pain sensitivity in rats with chemically induced bladder inflammation, and pain sensitivity in a rat prostate model. Its individual components also reduced pain sensitivity. The maker co-authored the work, and it has not been shown in people.

Supported by Trial 1, Trial 2

Bacterial growth and drug-pump activity in lab tests

In a lab screen for blockers of bacterial drug pumps, a lovage extract was the most active of 84 plant extracts at boosting the antibiotic ciprofloxacin against Salmonella, though its purified compounds did not reproduce this. Root polyacetylenes also slowed mycobacteria. None of this has been tested in people taking the root.

Supported by Trial 2, Trial 3

Historical use for appetite, bloating and gas

Older European herbals describe lovage root as a carminative and stomach herb, sometimes taken as a tea half an hour before meals, and Czech multi-herb teas containing it are authorized for poor appetite, bloating and gas. The EU monograph does not accept this use for lovage on its own, and no human study has measured it.

Supported by Trial 1, Trial 2

Mechanism of action

1

Urine volume in older animal experiments

Older experiments in rabbits and mice found that a lovage root infusion slightly raised urine volume and chloride, but other tests of the crude root found no diuretic effect. No human study has measured urine output, and herbal handbooks stress that plenty of fluid is needed for this kind of flushing.

2

Phthalides relax smooth muscle in isolated tissue

Ligustilide and butylidenephthalide, the main compounds of the volatile oil, relaxed isolated guinea pig gut muscle and rat blood vessel and uterine tissue in lab tests, apparently by limiting calcium entry into muscle cells. In rats only about 2.6% of an oral ligustilide dose was absorbed, and no human data exist.

3

Furanocoumarins react with ultraviolet light

Lovage root contains furanocoumarins such as xanthotoxin, psoralen and bergapten, compounds that become reactive in ultraviolet light and have been linked to gene damage in lab tests. Dried commercial roots held 15 to 24 mg of the four main coumarins per gram, but how much reaches a tea, the blood or the skin has not been measured.

Clinical trials

1
Lovage, Centaury and Rosemary Blend vs Fosfomycin: Phase III RCT
PubMed

Double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, multicenter non-inferiority trial of Canephron N (BNO 1045) coated tablets with 18 mg each of powdered centaury herb, lovage root and rosemary leaf, 2 tablets 3 times daily for 7 days, versus a single dose of fosfomycin trometamol; sponsored by Bionorica SE, the blend's maker, which employs three of the five authors (Wagenlehner et al. 2018, Urol Int)

659 women aged 18 to 70 with newly diagnosed acute lower uncomplicated urinary tract infection (325 blend, 334 fosfomycin).

Between days 1 and 38, 83.5% on the blend and 89.8% on fosfomycin needed no additional antibiotics, a difference of 6.26 points that met the 15% non-inferiority margin. Pyelonephritis occurred in 5 women on the blend and 1 on fosfomycin, and digestive events were more common with fosfomycin. A three-herb blend, so nothing can be credited to lovage alone.

2
Lovage, Centaury and Rosemary Blend vs Ciprofloxacin After Sling Surgery
PubMed

Randomized comparison (1:1) of Canephron N oral solution (lovage root, centaury herb and rosemary leaf), 5 mL three times daily for 3 weeks, versus ciprofloxacin 500 mg three times daily for 3 days after midurethral sling surgery; two authors report speaker fees from Bionorica, the blend's maker (Rechberger et al. 2020, J Clin Med)

562 women having midurethral sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence.

Within 6 months, a urinary tract infection occurred in 36 women (13.64%) on the blend and 29 (10.98%) on ciprofloxacin, with no statistically significant difference. There was no placebo group, and the blend's effect cannot be assigned to lovage.

3
Lovage, Centaury and Rosemary Blend vs Antibiotics: Meta-Analysis
PubMed

Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of Canephron N (lovage root, centaury herb and rosemary leaf) in urinary tract infection studies, searching to July 2025, with Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I risk-of-bias tools (Ak et al. 2026, Neurourol Urodyn)

12 studies (eight randomized trials, three observational and one retrospective) with 3,821 patients, mostly comparing the blend with antibiotics.

The authors judged the blend non-inferior to antibiotics for recurrence (6-month rates 8.9% versus 17.8%) and symptom scores, and reported a significant pooled difference in bacteriuria clearance (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.48) with heterogeneity of 72%. Overall adverse events did not differ (RR 0.90), with fewer digestive events on the blend (4.8% versus 7.1%). Designs and comparators varied, and no study tested lovage alone.

4
Lovage, Centaury and Rosemary Blend Added to Standard Care: Open Cohort
PubMed

Open comparative study: Canephron N (lovage root, rosemary leaves and centaury herb) for 6 months added to standard diabetes treatment and an ACE inhibitor, versus standard treatment and ACE inhibitor alone (Martynyuk et al. 2014, J Altern Complement Med)

59 patients with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.

After 6 months, urine albumin (microalbuminuria) fell significantly more in the blend group than in controls, markers of antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation improved, and liver enzymes did not change. Open label, small and a three-herb blend, so it says nothing about lovage alone.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

The EU monograph lists no known side effects and no reported overdose at traditional doses, but no clinical safety studies of lovage root exist, and tests for reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity have not been done.
Do not use if allergic to lovage, to other plants of the carrot family (Apiaceae, such as celery, fennel or angelica) or to anethole; this is the only contraindication in the EU monograph. Contact dermatitis from lovage essential oil has been reported.
Sun sensitivity: the root contains furanocoumarins, and herbal handbooks cited by the EMA advise avoiding intense sun and ultraviolet light during prolonged use. Blistering skin reactions have occurred after harvesting lovage in strong sunlight. The EMA found no clinical or safety-report signal of this at the oral tea dose.
Kidneys and fluid: the German Commission E and other handbooks cited by the EMA say not to use lovage with acute kidney inflammation or impaired kidney function, and not to use flushing therapy for swelling caused by reduced heart or kidney function. Handbooks cited by the EMA add that flushing use needs plenty of fluid (one says at least 2 liters a day), so it does not suit anyone told by a doctor to limit fluids.
Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding, because safety is not established; an old rat study found weak estrogen-like activity from an injected extract, and some lists name lovage among herbs to avoid in pregnancy.
Not recommended under age 18.
See a doctor if fever, painful urination, cramping or blood in the urine appears, or if symptoms persist; in a trial of the three-herb blend for bladder infection, 5 women on the blend and 1 on an antibiotic developed kidney infection.
Liver: a case of suspected liver injury with the lovage, centaury and rosemary blend Canephron N has been published; it does not show that lovage was the cause.
Garden plant mix-ups: an older couple needed intensive care after eating monkshood (aconite) leaves picked by mistake for lovage from their garden, so only use correctly identified, commercially tested root.

Important Drug interactions

The EU monograph reports no interactions, but no interaction studies have been done.
Warfarin and other blood thinners: the EMA assessment notes a theoretical risk of a stronger effect because the root contains coumarin derivatives, and that lovage-containing herbal products should be stopped before surgery; ask a clinician before combining.
Diuretics (water pills): any added effect on urine flow is unstudied in people; tell your prescriber before combining them.
Medicines that make skin sensitive to light: the root's furanocoumarins could, in theory, add to this effect; use sun protection and ask a pharmacist.

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Frequently asked questions about Lovage Root (Levisticum officinale)

Is lovage root the same plant as other herbs called lovage?

No. Lovage root here means Levisticum officinale, a European carrot-family herb sometimes listed under the older name Ligusticum officinale. Other plants share the common name, such as Chuchupate lovage (Ligusticum porteri), which the EMA notes was used in New Mexico to bring on menstruation; those plants have different chemistry, so check the Latin name on the label.

What is Canephron N, and what does it show about lovage itself?

Canephron N is a European herbal medicine for urinary complaints made by Bionorica that combines lovage root with centaury herb and rosemary leaf (18 mg of each per tablet, or an oral solution). Its trials, several sponsored by the maker, compared it mostly with antibiotics. Because three herbs are combined, none of these trials can show an effect of lovage on its own.

Why do herbal references mention sunlight with lovage root?

The root contains furanocoumarins such as xanthotoxin, psoralen and bergapten, which react with ultraviolet light. People harvesting fresh lovage in strong sun have developed blistering skin reactions, and herbal handbooks advise avoiding intense sun during prolonged use. The EMA found no clinical or safety-report evidence of this problem with the tea at monograph doses.

Where does the strong smell of lovage root come from?

Most of its volatile oil is made of phthalides, chiefly (Z)-ligustilide, which give several carrot-family plants their characteristic flavor. The EMA report also notes sotolone, a flavor compound with an intense curry-like or savory, hydrolyzed vegetable protein-like odor.

Can garden lovage be confused with a poisonous plant?

Yes. An older couple needed intensive care monitoring after eating leaves of monkshood (aconite), a highly toxic garden plant, that had been picked by mistake for lovage. Anyone harvesting their own herbs should be certain of the plant, and supplements should come from tested, correctly identified root.

What is Lovage Root?

Lovage (Levisticum officinale) is a strongly aromatic herb of the carrot family whose dried root has long been drunk as a tea in Europe to increase urine flow. The European Medicines Agency accepts lovage root tea as a traditional herbal medicine to flush the urinary tract as an add-on in minor urinary complaints, base…

What is Lovage Root used for?

NutraSmarts does not list Lovage Root under a health category. What the research covers: The European Medicines Agency accepts lovage root tea as a traditional herbal medicine to increase the amount of urine and flush the urinary tract as an add-on in minor urinary complaints, based only on long-standing use.

What is the recommended dosage of Lovage Root?

No human trial has tested lovage root alone. EU traditional use: tea of 2 to 3 g dried root in 150 ml boiling water twice daily (4 to 6 g a day) for no more than 2 to 4 weeks. Always follow the product label and check with a healthcare provider for personal advice.

Is Lovage Root safe, and does it have side effects?

Side effects and cautions reported for Lovage Root include: The EU monograph lists no known side effects and no reported overdose at traditional doses, but no clinical safety studies of lovage root exist, and tests for reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity have not been done. It may also interact with some medications. Lovage Root is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Lovage Root interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: The EU monograph reports no interactions, but no interaction studies have been done. Warfarin and other blood thinners: the EMA assessment notes a theoretical risk of a stronger effect because the root contains coumarin derivatives, and that lovage-containing herbal products shou… If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Lovage Root?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Lovage Root as Preliminary (1 out of 5). It is backed by 4 study summaries and 16 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(16 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), European Medicines Agency. Community herbal monograph on Levisticum officinale Koch, radix (EMA/HMPC/524621/2011). European Medicines Agency. 2012;Final monograph adopted 20 November 2012, published February 2013 (not PubMed-indexed)..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed-indexed: EU regulatory monograph. Traditional use only: comminuted lovage root as herbal tea, to increase the amount of urine to achieve flushing of the urinary tract as an adjuvant in minor urinary complaints. Posology: 2 to 3 g in 150 ml boiling water twice daily (4 to 6 g a day), not for more than 2 to 4 weeks. Contraindication: hypersensitivity to lovage, other Apiaceae or anethole. Not recommended under 18 or in pregnancy and lactation; see a doctor if fever, dysuria, spasms or blood in urine occur. Interactions none reported; undesirable effects none known; no overdose reported. Reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity tests not performed.
  2. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), European Medicines Agency. Assessment report on Levisticum officinale Koch, radix (EMA/HMPC/524623/2011). European Medicines Agency. 2012;Final assessment report dated 20 November 2012, published February 2013 (not PubMed-indexed)..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed-indexed: EU regulatory assessment. Constituents: 0.6 to 1% volatile oil, up to 70% alkylphthalides, (Z)-ligustilide as lead component; falcarindiol and falcarinol; coumarins and furanocoumarins (psoralen, bergapten); chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids. Handbook uses include urinary irrigation and, historically, carminative and stomach use; Czech combination teas for appetite loss, bloating and flatulence. Commission E and handbooks: no use with acute kidney inflammation or impaired kidney function, no irrigation therapy for edema from reduced heart or kidney function, abundant fluid needed, avoid intense UV with prolonged use. Animal data: slight rise in urine volume in rabbits and mice, no diuresis in other tests; phthalides relaxed isolated smooth muscle; oral ligustilide about 2.6% absorbed in rats; weak estrogenic effect of an injected extract in rats. No clinical studies of mono-preparations; no human pharmacokinetic data. Theoretical warfarin risk; stop before surgery. Harvesting dermatitis cases. Phototoxicity concerns not supported by clinical data or pharmacovigilance at monograph doses.
  3. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), European Medicines Agency. Addendum to Assessment report on Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch, radix (EMA/HMPC/500504/2021). European Medicines Agency. 2021;Periodic review adopted 24 November 2021, published March 2022 (not PubMed-indexed)..SourceUsed to support: Not PubMed-indexed: EU periodic review covering 2012 to 2021. 24 new references, nine relevant, none justifying a revision; no new single-herb lovage root products registered in the EU; notes an aconite poisoning from confusion with lovage and a contact dermatitis case from lovage oil; EudraVigilance and VigiBase gave no reason to change the monograph.
  4. Wagenlehner FM, Abramov-Sommariva D, Höller M, Steindl H, Naber KG. Non-Antibiotic Herbal Therapy (BNO 1045) versus Antibiotic Therapy (Fosfomycin Trometamol) for the Treatment of Acute Lower Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Randomized, Multicentre, Non-Inferiority Phase III Trial. Urol Int. 2018;101(3):327-336. doi: 10.1159/000493368.PubMedUsed to support: Double-blind randomized non-inferiority trial in 659 women with acute lower uncomplicated urinary tract infection: Canephron N (centaury, lovage root and rosemary leaf, 18 mg each per tablet; 2 tablets 3 times daily for 7 days) versus single-dose fosfomycin. 83.5% versus 89.8% needed no additional antibiotics, non-inferior at a 15% margin; pyelonephritis in 5 versus 1 patients; more gastrointestinal events with fosfomycin. Sponsored by Bionorica SE, which employs three authors. A blend; lovage's own effect cannot be isolated.
  5. Rechberger E, Rechberger T, Wawrysiuk S, Miotla P, Kulik-Rechberger B, Kuszka A, Wróbel A. A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Canephron N in Comparison to Ciprofloxacin in the Prevention of Postoperative Lower Urinary Tract Infections after Midurethral Sling Surgery. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11):3391. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113391.PubMedUsed to support: Randomized trial in 562 women after midurethral sling surgery: Canephron oral solution 5 mL three times daily for 3 weeks versus ciprofloxacin 500 mg three times daily for 3 days; urinary tract infection within 6 months in 13.64% versus 10.98%, not significantly different. Two authors report speaker fees from Bionorica. A blend.
  6. Ak ES, Çulha Y, Çulha MG. The Effect of Canephron N in Preventing Urinary Tract Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurourol Urodyn. 2026;Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1002/nau.70449.PubMedUsed to support: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 studies (eight RCTs, three observational, one retrospective; 3,821 patients) of Canephron N for preventing urinary tract infections: non-inferior to antibiotics for 6-month recurrence (8.9% vs 17.8%) and symptom scores, a significant pooled difference in bacteriuria clearance (RR 1.34) with I2 of 72%, no difference in overall adverse events (RR 0.90) and fewer gastrointestinal events (4.8% vs 7.1%). A blend; no lovage-only data.
  7. Martynyuk L, Martynyuk L, Ruzhitska O, Martynyuk O. Effect of the herbal combination Canephron N on diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: results of a comparative cohort study. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(6):472-8. doi: 10.1089/acm.2013.0400.PubMedUsed to support: Open comparative study in 59 patients with diabetic nephropathy: Canephron N (lovage root, rosemary leaves, centaury herb) added to standard therapy and an ACE inhibitor for 6 months lowered microalbuminuria significantly versus controls, improved antioxidant and lipid peroxidation markers, and did not change liver aminotransferases. A blend, open label.
  8. Nausch B, Pace S, Pein H, Koeberle A, Rossi A, Künstle G, Werz O. The standardized herbal combination BNO 2103 contained in Canephron(®) N alleviates inflammatory pain in experimental cystitis and prostatitis. Phytomedicine. 2019;60:152987. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152987.PubMedUsed to support: Animal and lab study: the powdered rosemary, centaury and lovage mixture in Canephron N (BNO 2103), given orally, reduced inflammation and hyperalgesia in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats, and hyperalgesia in carrageenan-induced prostatitis; individual components also reduced hyperalgesia; it inhibited prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 formation in human leukocytes and cell-free assays. Two authors are affiliated with Bionorica SE. Not a human study.
  9. Garvey MI, Rahman MM, Gibbons S, Piddock LJ. Medicinal plant extracts with efflux inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011;37(2):145-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.10.027.PubMedUsed to support: Lab study: of 84 extracts from 21 medicinal plants, a Levisticum officinale extract was the most active at synergy with ciprofloxacin against Salmonella Typhimurium, with activity suggesting efflux pump inhibition; falcarindiol, oleic and linoleic acids were isolated, but the fractions and purified compounds showed no synergy. Not a human study.
  10. Schinkovitz A, Stavri M, Gibbons S, Bucar F. Antimycobacterial polyacetylenes from Levisticum officinale. Phytother Res. 2008;22(5):681-4. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2408.PubMedUsed to support: Lab study: a dichloromethane extract of lovage root inhibited Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. aurum; the active compounds were the polyacetylenes 3(R)-falcarinol (MIC 16.4 microM) and 3(R)-8(S)-falcarindiol. Not a human study.
  11. Guzman JD, Evangelopoulos D, Gupta A, Prieto JM, Gibbons S, Bhakta S. Antimycobacterials from lovage root (Ligusticum officinale Koch). Phytother Res. 2013;27(7):993-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4823.PubMedUsed to support: Lab study: from an n-hexane extract of lovage root, (Z)-ligustilide, butylidenephthalides, falcarindiol, levistolide A, psoralen and bergapten and other compounds were isolated; falcarindiol inhibited M. tuberculosis (MIC 20 mg/L) but was about equally toxic to mouse macrophage cells. Confirms furanocoumarins in the root. Not a human study.
  12. Olennikov DN. Coumarins of Lovage Roots (Levisticum officinale W.D.J.Koch): LC-MS Profile, Quantification, and Stability during Postharvest Storage. Metabolites. 2022;13(1):3. doi: 10.3390/metabo13010003.PubMedUsed to support: Chemical analysis: LC-MS of fresh lovage roots identified 25 compounds, mainly simple coumarins and furanocoumarins (including psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin, isopimpinellin and the glycoside apterin); the four main coumarins totaled 1.7 to 2.9 mg/g in fresh roots and 15 to 24 mg/g in dried commercial roots, with xanthotoxin 1.40 to 3.75 mg/g dry weight. No health outcomes measured.
  13. Ashwood-Smith MJ, Ceska O, Yeoman A, Kenny PG. Photosensitivity from harvesting lovage (Levisticum officinale). Contact Dermatitis. 1992;26(5):356-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00138.x.PubMedUsed to support: Case report of photosensitivity after harvesting lovage (PubMed lists no abstract; cited for what its title states). The EMA assessment cites it for psoralen and 5-methoxypsoralen in fresh lovage (about 3 and 4 micrograms per gram wet weight).
  14. Lapeere H, Boone B, Verhaeghe E, Ongenae K, Lambert J. Contact dermatitis caused by lovage (Levisticum officinalis) essential oil. Contact Dermatitis. 2013;69(3):181-2. doi: 10.1111/cod.12082.PubMedUsed to support: Case report of contact dermatitis caused by lovage essential oil in Belgium (PubMed lists no abstract; cited for what its title states and the EMA addendum's summary). Supports the Apiaceae allergy caution.
  15. Michel A, Siebe I, Auwärter V, Regul D, Hermanns-Clausen M. [Aconitine poisoning due to confusion of aconite leaves with lovage]. Anaesthesist. 2021;70(8):633-638. doi: 10.1007/s00101-021-01002-w.PubMedUsed to support: Case report in German with an English abstract: a couple aged 69 and 71 ate a meal with garden herbs that included monkshood (Aconitum napellus) leaves mistaken for lovage, developed aconitine poisoning with low blood pressure, slow heart rate and arrhythmia, needed intensive care monitoring and were discharged after 1 and 2 days. Supports the plant-identification caution.
  16. Sychev DA, Semenov AV, Polyakova IP. A case of hepatic injury suspected to be caused by Canephron N, a Centaurium Hill containing phytotherapeutics. Int J Risk Saf Med. 2011;23(1):5-6. doi: 10.3233/JRS-2011-0514.PubMedUsed to support: Case report of suspected liver injury with the centaury-containing blend Canephron N, which also contains lovage root (PubMed lists no abstract; cited for what its title states).