Corn Silk (Zea mays Stigma)

Zea mays L., stigma (Maydis stigma)
Evidence Level
Preliminary
5 Clinical Trials
6 Documented Benefits
1/5 Evidence Score

Corn silk is the threadlike stigmas and styles of the maize plant, dried and drunk mostly as a tea for urinary complaints in Chinese, Native American and European folk medicine. In 2025 the European Medicines Agency's herbal committee released a draft traditional-use monograph for corn silk tea to relieve minor urinary tract complaints alongside plenty of fluid, based on long-standing use rather than proof that it works; its own assessors found no clinical trial of corn silk alone for that purpose. The human data that do exist are small, mostly low-quality trials on blood pressure and blood sugar, plus one five-herb kidney stone trial. The diuretic effect itself has been shown only in animals.

Studied Dose Traditional tea: 4-12 g/day dried silk as decoction (EMA draft); trials: 10-60 g/day as tea or 4.8 g/day water extract
Active Compound Flavonoids (maysin and related C-glycosyl flavones), polysaccharides, potassium salts

Benefits

Traditional support for urinary tract comfort and urine flow

Corn silk tea has been used for generations in Chinese, Native American and European folk medicine to increase urine flow during minor urinary discomfort. A draft monograph from the European Medicines Agency's herbal committee accepts that use alongside drinking plenty of fluid, but only on the basis of long-standing use. Its assessors found no clinical trial of corn silk alone for this purpose.

Diuretic effect demonstrated only in animals

In rats, high doses of corn silk water extract or decoction increased urine volume and shifted how the kidneys handled sodium and potassium. The two main studies disagree on how: one found filtration rose, the other that it fell while more potassium was lost in the urine. No trial of corn silk alone has measured urine output in people; in a five-herb blend trial, urine volume rose in both groups and did not differ between them.

Urinary stone passage studied only in a five-herb blend

In one small single-blind trial, drops combining corn silk with four other herbs led to more complete stone passage and a greater fall in stone size than placebo over four weeks, while urine chemistry did not change. The maker of the drops funded the study, and corn silk's own contribution cannot be separated from the other four herbs.

May help maintain healthy blood pressure, on weak evidence

A pooled analysis of five Chinese trials in people already taking blood pressure drugs found that adding 10 to 60 g a day of corn silk tea raised the share of patients rated as responding. None used a placebo, blinding and allocation concealment were unclear in all five, and the outcome was a crude responder rate. A single-dose study that lowered pressure used large single doses, up to roughly 20 g of dried silk.

Blood sugar findings are small and inconsistent

In a three-month trial of 36 people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, a corn silk water extract lowered fasting glucose and HbA1c more than placebo, though the published baseline data show an unexplained imbalance between groups. In 18 healthy men, corn silk extract taken with high glycemic index rice did not change the after-meal rise in blood sugar or insulin.

No supporting evidence for kidney disease claims

Corn silk is one of the plant ingredients most often promoted online to people with chronic kidney disease. A nephrology review of 184 such websites found these herbs had not been adequately studied in people. Corn silk also supplies potassium salts, which people with reduced kidney function often need to limit, so it should not be used for kidney disease without a nephrologist's advice.

Mechanism of action

1

Diuretic and electrolyte effects in rats

Oral corn silk extracts increased urine output in rats. One study tied this to higher filtration and less sodium and chloride reabsorption, with more alkaline urine at the stronger decoction; another found filtration fell while potassium excretion rose. Neither pattern has been measured in people.

2

Potassium load

Corn silk is a traditional source of potassium salts. Researchers who saw blood pressure fall after large single doses proposed that potassium-driven sodium and water loss explained the effect. That is a hypothesis from the trial authors, and it implies any effect depends heavily on dose.

3

Flavonoids without an agreed active marker

Maysin and related C-glycosyl flavones are corn silk's characteristic flavonoids, alongside phenolic acids and polysaccharides, and they show antioxidant activity in laboratory tests. Europe's herbal committee could not recognize any constituent with known therapeutic activity or set a quality marker.

4

Crystal adhesion in kidney cell and rat models

Corn silk polysaccharides reduced calcium oxalate crystal injury and crystal adhesion on cultured human kidney cells, and a corn silk extract left fewer calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys of rats given stone-inducing chemicals. These are laboratory and animal findings only.

Clinical trials

1
Five-Herb Drops for Urinary Stones
PubMed

Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral drops combining Tribulus terrestris, Urtica dioica, Adiantum capillus-veneris, corn silk and Cucumis melo extracts, 60 drops three times daily for 4 weeks alongside standard treatment (Samandarian S, Soltani R, Hajhashemi V, Dehghani M, Matinfar M, Mahboubi M, Mohsenzadeh A 2023, J Res Pharm Pract 12(3):96-103, PMID 38716323).

54 adults with urinary stones in Isfahan, Iran, 27 per group.

Stone size fell more on the herbal drops than on placebo (P = 0.049), and complete stone passage was more common (12 versus 4 patients, P = 0.017). Urine calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid and pH did not change over the study and did not differ between groups; 24-hour urine volume rose in both groups, with no difference between them. The drops were formulated by Tabib Daru Pharmaceutical Company, which employs one co-author and which the acknowledgments name as the study's funder, and corn silk was only one of five herbs, so this is not a test of corn silk alone.

2
Corn Silk Tea Added to Blood Pressure Drugs - Pooled Trials
PubMed

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing corn silk tea plus conventional antihypertensive drugs with the drugs alone (Shi S, Li S, Li W, Xu H 2019, Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019:2915498, PMID 30792743).

567 patients with hypertension across five single-center trials conducted in China and published in Chinese between 2009 and 2017. Two one-week trials (310 patients) used gestational hypertension criteria, one tea also contained reishi mushroom, and corn silk doses ranged from 10 to 60 g a day.

Adding corn silk tea raised the proportion of patients rated as responding to treatment (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.38). The reviewers called the evidence limited because of poor methodology: allocation concealment and blinding were unclear in every trial, no trial used a placebo, and none reported adverse events. The outcome was a responder rate, not a pooled change in measured blood pressure.

3
Single High Doses and Eye and Blood Pressure
PubMed

Randomized study of water versus masked single doses of corn silk aqueous extract at 60, 130, 192.5 and 260 mg/kg body weight, each given two weeks apart (George GO, Idu FK 2015, Clin Exp Optom 98(2):138-49, PMID 25727941).

40 adults, 20 with systemic hypertension and 20 without, followed hourly for eight hours after each dose.

The three higher doses lowered intraocular pressure and blood pressure within eight hours (p < 0.001) in a dose-dependent way, with the blood pressure peak coming before the eye pressure peak. The authors attributed the effect to potassium-driven sodium and water loss from the high potassium content of these large doses, which European assessors estimated at roughly 5 to 20 g of dried silk. It tested single doses, not regular tea drinking, and European assessors gave its blood pressure data only pilot-study value.

4
Corn Silk Extract in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
PubMed

Randomized placebo-controlled trial of 4.8 g a day of hospital-prepared corn silk water extract capsules (from about 60 g of dried silk), split into two doses for 3 months alongside basic guideline-based care, with untargeted metabolomics (Cheng Y, Chao H, Liu J, Liu J 2024, Medicine (Baltimore) 103(33):e39396, PMID 39151489).

36 adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at one hospital in China, 18 per group.

Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c fell more in the corn silk group than with placebo (P < .05), while C-peptide did not differ. The authors list the small sample and short duration as limitations, and the published baseline table reports a large, unexplained BMI gap between groups (36.7 on placebo versus 28.9 on corn silk) even though mean body weights were nearly identical (86.7 versus 85.1 kg).

5
Corn Silk Extract With High-GI Rice
PubMed

Randomized crossover trial of aqueous corn silk, cumin or tamarind extracts, taken as a drink or cooked into high glycemic index rice (Haldar S, Gan L, Tay SL, Ponnalagu S, Henry CJ 2019, Foods 8(10):437, PMID 31554322).

18 healthy Chinese men, with blood sampled for 3 hours after each test meal.

Compared with plain rice and water, none of the extracts in either form changed post-meal blood glucose, insulin or blood pressure. The authors stressed that controlled trials are needed before health claims are made for traditional ingredients such as corn silk.

Side effects and drug interactions

Common Potential side effects

No adverse effects are listed in the European draft monograph, but no clinical safety trials exist.
More frequent urination is expected; drink enough fluid, and avoid it if a doctor has told you to restrict fluids.
Do not use if allergic to corn silk; hypersensitivity is the only listed contraindication.
Supplies potassium salts; people with reduced kidney function or high potassium should ask a doctor first.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: not recommended, as safety is not established; the highest dose tested increased early pregnancy loss in rats.
Not recommended for children under 12 because of a lack of data.
See a doctor if fever, painful urination, cramping or blood in the urine appears, or if symptoms last beyond 2 weeks.

Important Drug interactions

No interactions are documented; the points below are precautions based on corn silk's proposed effects.
Diuretics such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide: possible additive fluid and electrolyte loss.
Potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs and potassium supplements: corn silk's potassium content may add to potassium load.
Blood pressure medicines: possible additive lowering, as suggested by add-on trials.
Diabetes medicines including insulin: a small trial suggests added glucose lowering; monitor blood sugar.
Lithium: diuretic herbs can alter lithium levels; avoid unless supervised by the prescriber.

Frequently asked questions about Corn Silk (Zea mays Stigma)

What is Corn Silk?

Corn silk is the threadlike stigmas and styles of the maize plant, dried and drunk mostly as a tea for urinary complaints in Chinese, Native American and European folk medicine.

What is Corn Silk used for?

Corn Silk is researched primarily for Kidney/Urinary Tract. Corn silk tea has been used for generations in Chinese, Native American and European folk medicine to increase urine flow during minor urinary discomfort.

What is the recommended dosage of Corn Silk?

The clinically studied dose is Traditional tea: 4-12 g/day dried silk as decoction (EMA draft); trials: 10-60 g/day as tea or 4.8 g/day water extract Always follow the product label and check with a healthcare provider for personal advice.

Is Corn Silk safe, and does it have side effects?

For most healthy adults, Corn Silk is well tolerated at studied doses. Reported effects can include: No adverse effects are listed in the European draft monograph, but no clinical safety trials exist. More frequent urination is expected; drink enough fluid, and avoid it if a doctor has told you to restrict fluids. It may also interact with some medications. Corn Silk is not right for everyone, so check with a healthcare provider first if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, or take prescription medication.

Does Corn Silk interact with any medications?

Possible interactions include: No interactions are documented; the points below are precautions based on corn silk's proposed effects. Diuretics such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide: possible additive fluid and electrolyte loss. If you take prescription medication, check with a pharmacist or doctor before using it.

How strong is the scientific evidence for Corn Silk?

NutraSmarts rates the evidence for Corn Silk as Preliminary (1 out of 5). It is backed by 5 clinical trials and 8 cited references summarized on this page. A higher rating reflects more, larger, and better-designed human studies.

References(8 citations)

Evidence ratings on NutraSmarts are based on the totality of human clinical research, with emphasis on randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The references below directly support claims made throughout this page.

  1. Samandarian S, Soltani R, Hajhashemi V, Dehghani M, Matinfar M, Mahboubi M, Mohsenzadeh A. Efficacy of an Oral Solution Containing Five Herbal Extracts in the Treatment of Urolithiasis: A Randomized, Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. J Res Pharm Pract. 2023;12(3):96-103..PubMedUsed to support: The only randomized trial touching corn silk's urinary use: in 54 patients with urinary stones, a five-herb drop containing corn silk reduced stone size and increased complete stone passage (12 versus 4) versus placebo, with urine chemistry unchanged. Funded by the company that formulated the drops; it did not test corn silk alone.
  2. Shi S, Li S, Li W, Xu H. Corn Silk Tea for Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:2915498..PubMedUsed to support: Five single-center Chinese trials (567 patients) in which corn silk tea added to antihypertensive drugs raised the responder rate (RR 1.27); the reviewers rated the evidence limited because of poor methodology, no trial used a placebo, and none reported adverse events.
  3. George GO, Idu FK. Corn silk aqueous extracts and intraocular pressure of systemic and non-systemic hypertensive subjects. Clin Exp Optom. 2015;98(2):138-49..PubMedUsed to support: Single large doses of corn silk extract lowered blood pressure and intraocular pressure within eight hours in 40 adults, dose-dependently; the authors attributed this to potassium-driven sodium and water loss, which supports the potassium mechanism and the dose caveat on this page.
  4. Cheng Y, Chao H, Liu J, Liu J. Nontargeted metabolomic profiling analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing corn silk treatment. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103(33):e39396..PubMedUsed to support: A 3-month placebo-controlled trial in 36 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients in which a corn silk water extract lowered fasting glucose and HbA1c more than placebo; small, single-center, with a reported baseline BMI imbalance between groups.
  5. Haldar S, Gan L, Tay SL, Ponnalagu S, Henry CJ. Postprandial Glycemic and Insulinemic Effects of the Addition of Aqueous Extracts of Dried Corn Silk, Cumin Seed Powder or Tamarind Pulp, in Two Forms, Consumed with High Glycemic Index Rice. Foods. 2019;8(10):437..PubMedUsed to support: Counterweight on blood sugar: in 18 healthy men, corn silk extract taken as a drink or cooked into rice did not change post-meal glucose, insulin or blood pressure compared with a plain rice control.
  6. Velazquez DV, Xavier HS, Batista JE, de Castro-Chaves C. Zea mays L. extracts modify glomerular function and potassium urinary excretion in conscious rats. Phytomedicine. 2005;12(5):363-9..PubMedUsed to support: Animal evidence only: in water-loaded rats, corn silk extract was diuretic at 500 mg/kg and increased potassium excretion at 350 and 500 mg/kg, while creatinine clearance fell and sodium and uric acid excretion were unchanged.
  7. Maksimović Z, Dobrić S, Kovacević N, Milovanović Z. Diuretic activity of Maydis stigma extract in rats. Pharmazie. 2004;59(12):967-71..PubMedUsed to support: Animal evidence only: a 5% corn silk decoction produced acute diuresis in rats with increased creatinine clearance and lower plasma sodium and chloride, while a 10% decoction did not raise urine volume but made the urine more alkaline.
  8. Vamenta-Morris H, Dreisbach A, Shoemaker-Moyle M, Abdel-Rahman EM. Internet claims on dietary and herbal supplements in advanced nephropathy: truth or myth. Am J Nephrol. 2014;40(5):393-8..PubMedUsed to support: A review of 184 websites selling supplements to people with chronic kidney disease, which named corn silk among the ten most common plant ingredients and found these herbs had not been adequately studied in humans; supports the kidney disease caution on this page.