[{"id":"ashwagandha","name":"Ashwagandha","latinName":"Withania somnifera","shortDescription":"Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an adaptogenic herb from Ayurvedic tradition, widely used to help the body manage stress and support a balanced mood, restful sleep, and overall vitality. Its active withanolides are thought to modulate the stress-hormone (cortisol) response, which is why standardized root extracts like KSM-66 and Sensoril are studied for easing tension, supporting steady energy, and promoting calm. Beyond stress, ashwagandha is researched for healthy exercise performance, recovery, and male reproductive health. It is typically taken as a 300 to 600 mg daily extract, with benefits building over several weeks of consistent use.","categories":["Cognitive","Metabolic Health","Athletic Performance","Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Men's Health","Fertility","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"cyanthox","name":"CyanthOx\u2122 (Sea Buckthorn Proanthocyanidin Extract)","latinName":"Hippophae rhamnoides L.","shortDescription":"CyanthOx\u2122 is a branded sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berry extract from Puredia, sourced from sea buckthorn grown on the Tibetan Plateau and standardized for proanthocyanidin content. Two grades available: CyanthOx\u212230 (30% proanthocyanidins, ~150 mg actives per 500 mg) and CyanthOx\u212280 (80% proanthocyanidins). Distinguished from grape seed and pine bark extracts by predominance of prodelphinidins rather than procyanidins - a structural difference that gives a different antioxidant profile in ORAC assays. Marketing claims 8x the antioxidant capacity of grape seed extract and 1.7x pine bark extract by ORAC. Honest framing: clinical evidence is limited - the primary citation is a small acute crossover trial in healthy subjects. See separate entry for generic Sea Buckthorn covering the broader plant evidence base including vitamin C and omega-7 content.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Hair, Skin & Nails","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":3},{"id":"ksm-66","name":"KSM-66\u00ae","latinName":"Withania somnifera","shortDescription":"KSM-66 is the most extensively studied branded ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract, made by Ixoreal Biomed. It is a full-spectrum, root-only extract produced with a proprietary water-based process that uses no alcohol or harsh solvents, which preserves the natural balance of the root's compounds while standardizing it to at least 5% withanolides. Backed by more than 20 human clinical trials, it is the form behind much of the modern ashwagandha research. As an adaptogen, it is used to help the body manage stress and support a calmer mood, better sleep, healthy cortisol balance, strength and exercise recovery, memory and focus, and, in men, healthy testosterone and reproductive health. Most studies use 300 mg twice daily.","categories":["Cognitive","Athletic Performance","Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Men's Health","Fertility","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"same-s-adenosyl-l-methionine","name":"SAMe (S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) is a naturally occurring compound in the body, synthesized from methionine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It plays a critical role in methylation processes, supporting neurotransmitter synthesis, liver detoxification, and joint health. As a dietary supplement, SAMe is used to support healthy mood, promote healthy liver function, and support joint comfort. It has also been studied in research settings for depression and osteoarthritis. Typical doses range from 400\u20131600 mg daily, but effects vary, and it may cause side effects like nausea or insomnia. SAMe may interact with antidepressants or other medications. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially with medical conditions or concurrent medications.","categories":["Cognitive","Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse","Joint Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"pantothenic-acid","name":"Pantothenic Acid","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is an essential water-soluble vitamin needed to make coenzyme A, which the body uses to produce energy from food and to synthesize fats, cholesterol, and certain hormones. Because it is found in a wide range of foods, deficiency is rare, so supplements are used mainly for general energy metabolism and, sometimes, for skin and oil control, where evidence is limited. A related form, pantethine, is specifically studied at higher doses for supporting healthy cholesterol. Pantothenic acid is considered very safe, since it is water-soluble and excess is excreted, with only occasional mild digestive upset at high doses.","categories":["Energy","Hair, Skin & Nails","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"phosphatidylcholine","name":"Phosphatidylcholine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant phospholipid in cell membranes and one of the main dietary forms of choline. It provides the structural backbone of cell membranes, supplies choline for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and is essential for the VLDL particles the liver uses to export fat. Its best-supported use is as an adjunct in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MASLD), where standardized essential-phospholipid formulations carry treatment indications in several countries. It was also a promising candidate for ulcerative colitis, but the definitive phase 3 trials were stopped early for lack of benefit, so that use is not established. Common dietary sources include egg yolks and soy or sunflower lecithin.","categories":["Cognitive","Liver Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"niacin","name":"Niacin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Niacin (vitamin B3) is an essential water-soluble vitamin central to energy metabolism, DNA repair, and the production of the cellular cofactors NAD and NADP. Adequate intake is easily met by diet, but at much higher doses niacin has been used to support healthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels, though only under medical supervision because of side effects. Regular (nicotinic acid) niacin commonly causes a temporary skin flush, which taking it with food or starting low can reduce; flush-free forms avoid this but are less effective for cholesterol. High-dose niacin can stress the liver and affect blood sugar, so therapeutic use should always be monitored by a healthcare provider.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"dhea","name":"DHEA","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone naturally produced by the adrenal glands, serving as a precursor to sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen. It plays a role in various physiological processes, including sexual function, muscle and bone health, mood regulation, and immune response. DHEA levels decline with age, prompting interest in supplementation to address conditions like low libido, depression, or age-related decline.","categories":["Libido Support","Menopause Support","Mood & Mental Health","Women's Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"saw-palmetto","name":"Saw Palmetto","latinName":"Serenoa repens","shortDescription":"Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is a small palm native to the southeastern United States, with its berries used in supplements for their potential health benefits. It is primarily known for supporting prostate health, often used to alleviate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as urinary difficulties, by inhibiting 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Saw palmetto may also promote hair growth in androgenetic alopecia and support urinary tract function.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Men's Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract","Prostate Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"caffeine","name":"Caffeine","latinName":"Coffea arabica / Paullinia cupana","shortDescription":"Caffeine, a natural stimulant found in coffee, tea, and other plants, is commonly supplemented in forms like caffeine anhydrous (typically 100\u2013200 mg per dose) to enhance alertness and physical performance. It stimulates the central nervous system by blocking adenosine receptors, reducing perceived fatigue and improving focus, reaction time, and cognitive performance. Caffeine also boosts metabolism and fat oxidation by increasing epinephrine levels, supporting weight management and exercise endurance. Additionally, it may enhance mood by influencing dopamine release. While effective for short-term energy and performance, excessive intake (>400 mg/day) can cause side effects like jitteriness, insomnia, increased heart rate, or digestive upset. Tolerance may develop with regular use, reducing efficacy. Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing, especially if on medications like stimulants or with conditions like anxiety, hypertension, or heart issues, to avoid interactions or adverse effects.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance","Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":8},{"id":"bovine-collagen","name":"Bovine Collagen","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Bovine collagen is hydrolyzed collagen sourced from cow hide, bone, and cartilage \u2014 the most widely-researched and most affordable collagen supplement type. It uniquely provides both Type I (skin, bone) and Type III (gut lining, blood vessels, organ structure) collagen, distinguishing it from marine collagen which is almost exclusively Type I. The broader Type I + III profile makes bovine the more versatile choice for users wanting joint, gut, and skin support from a single product. Clinical doses are 2.5-15 g/day. Cost-per-gram is typically 30-50% lower than marine collagen, contributing to its dominance in retail collagen products.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health","Bone Health","Muscle & Recovery","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"collagen","name":"Collagen","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Collagen is the most abundant structural protein in the human body \u2014 making up roughly 30% of total protein and forming the framework for skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and gut lining. Supplements deliver hydrolyzed collagen peptides (small protein fragments produced by enzymatic breakdown of collagen-rich animal tissue) at 2.5-15 g/day. The mechanism isn't 'eating collagen makes more collagen' \u2014 it's peptide signaling. Specific bioactive peptides from hydrolyzed collagen reach target tissues (skin fibroblasts, joint chondrocytes) and signal them to produce more endogenous collagen and hyaluronic acid. Multiple meta-analyses confirm modest but consistent improvements in skin elasticity, hydration, and wrinkle depth over 8-12 weeks of consistent use, with smaller evidence for joint comfort and bone density support. The honest framing: real but modest skin and joint benefits over months of daily use; not a substitute for whey protein for muscle, not a substitute for adequate dietary protein generally. For comparison of specific sources, see our Bovine and Marine collagen pages.","categories":["Bone Health","Muscle & Recovery","Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":10},{"id":"branched-chain-amino-acids-bcaas","name":"Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BCAAs are the three branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine, that play a direct role in muscle protein synthesis, with leucine being the main trigger. They are used to support muscle, recovery, and reduced fatigue during exercise, typically taken around workouts in a 2:1:1 ratio at about 5 to 10 grams. However, if you already eat enough complete protein from food or whey, you obtain plenty of BCAAs, so separate supplements add little; whole protein is generally superior. BCAAs are safe for healthy people, though those with the rare maple syrup urine disease must avoid them.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"marine-collagen","name":"Marine Collagen","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Marine collagen is hydrolyzed collagen sourced from fish skin and scales \u2014 predominantly Type I collagen with smaller peptide molecular weight than bovine (~2-3 kDa vs 3-5 kDa). Industry research suggests roughly 1.5\u00d7 faster absorption, though independent head-to-head clinical trials haven't consistently demonstrated superior skin or hair outcomes at matched doses. The high Type I content makes it well-suited for skin elasticity, hydration, and beauty applications. Typically 50-100% more expensive than bovine, but offers sustainability (fish byproducts), pescatarian compatibility, and lower BSE/zoonotic disease concerns. Not appropriate for fish allergies.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"maca","name":"Maca","latinName":"Lepidium meyenii","shortDescription":"Maca (Lepidium meyenii), a Peruvian root vegetable from the Andes, is traditionally used to enhance fertility, sexual function, energy, and menopausal symptom relief. Available in black, red, or yellow varieties, it contains glucosinolates, flavonoids, and macamides, offering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. Clinical trials suggest maca may improve libido, sperm quality, menopausal symptoms, and psychological well-being without altering hormone levels.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Libido Support","Menopause Support","Men's Health","Women's Health","Fertility"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":8},{"id":"gaba","name":"GABA","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the body's main calming, inhibitory neurotransmitter, and supplements are used for relaxation, stress, and sleep support. A key question is how much oral GABA reaches the brain, since it does not easily cross the blood-brain barrier; some of its calming effect may instead come through the gut's nervous system, and results vary considerably from person to person. Doses commonly range from 100 to 750 mg, often taken in the evening. GABA is generally well tolerated, though some people notice tingling or, at higher doses, drowsiness, and it may add to the effects of sedatives or blood-pressure medication.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":12},{"id":"cranberry","name":"Cranberry","latinName":"Vaccinium macrocarpon","shortDescription":"Cranberry, derived from the Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit, is rich in antioxidants like proanthocyanidins and is commonly used as a supplement to support urinary tract health. It is often taken to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) by inhibiting bacterial adhesion to the bladder lining, and may also promote heart health and reduce inflammation. Research shows cranberry supplements may reduce UTI recurrence in some populations, but evidence is mixed, and further studies are needed to confirm broader benefits.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"folate","name":"Folate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin commonly supplemented as folic acid or its bioactive form, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), essential for DNA synthesis, cell division, and red blood cell formation. It supports the prevention of neural tube defects in early pregnancy, making it critical for prenatal health. Folate aids in homocysteine metabolism and lowers homocysteine levels, though in major randomized trials this biomarker change did not reduce cardiovascular events. It also contributes to neurotransmitter synthesis; low folate is correlated with low mood, and any supportive role is most relevant when folate status is low. Supplements typically provide 400\u2013800 mcg/day, with higher doses (up to 5 mg) used for deficiency or pregnancy. Excessive intake (>1000 mcg/day of folic acid) may mask vitamin B12 deficiency or cause side effects like digestive upset or, rarely, neurological issues. Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing, especially if on medications like methotrexate or with conditions affecting folate metabolism.","categories":["Men's Health","Mood & Mental Health","Fertility","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":8},{"id":"l-arginine","name":"L-Arginine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-arginine is an amino acid that serves as a precursor to nitric oxide, a molecule that relaxes and widens blood vessels to support healthy circulation. Through this role it is used for blood-flow and cardiovascular support and for exercise pumps, and it also contributes to protein synthesis and immune function. However, much of an oral arginine dose is broken down in the gut and liver before it can act, so L-citrulline, which the body converts to arginine more efficiently, is often preferred for raising arginine levels. Doses commonly range from 3 to 6 grams; higher amounts can cause digestive upset, and it may lower blood pressure.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Libido Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"calcium","name":"Calcium","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body \u2014 about 99% stored in bones and teeth, with the remaining 1% serving critical roles in muscle contraction, nerve signaling, blood clotting, and cardiac rhythm. Common supplemental forms include calcium carbonate (cheap, requires stomach acid), calcium citrate (more absorbable, no acid required), and calcium phosphate. Modern evidence is nuanced: benefit depends on baseline intake, age, vitamin D status, and institutional setting. Cardiovascular concerns have emerged \u2014 supplemental (but not dietary) calcium may modestly increase events. Honest framing: meet needs through diet first.","categories":["Bone Health","Hydration"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"taurine","name":"Taurine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid found in high concentrations in the heart, brain, and muscles, supporting cellular function, energy production, and antioxidant activity. As a dietary supplement, it is commonly used to enhance exercise performance, support cardiovascular health, and promote nervous system function. Research indicates taurine may improve heart function, reduce oxidative stress, and aid in muscle recovery, though further studies are needed to confirm optimal dosing and long-term effects.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Metabolic Health","Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Muscle & Recovery","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"beta-alanine","name":"Beta Alanine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid used by athletes to support muscular endurance and reduce fatigue during high-intensity exercise. It works by combining with the amino acid histidine to raise muscle levels of carnosine, a compound that buffers the acid that builds up during intense effort, helping sustain performance in bouts lasting roughly one to several minutes. Because it works through gradual muscle saturation, beta-alanine is taken daily (typically 3 to 6 grams) rather than just before training, with benefits building over several weeks. A harmless tingling skin sensation is common and can be reduced by splitting the dose; it is often stacked with creatine.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"omega-3-fatty-acids","name":"Omega-3 Fatty Acids","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Omega-3 fatty acids, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), are essential and conditionally essential polyunsaturated fats found in supplements derived from fish oil, krill oil, or algae. These compounds are vital for heart health, reducing triglyceride levels, and improving blood vessel function, while also supporting brain health by maintaining neuronal membrane integrity and potentially enhancing cognitive function and mood. Omega-3s exert anti-inflammatory effects by producing resolvins and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may benefit conditions like arthritis or metabolic syndrome. Supplements typically provide 500\u20132000 mg/day of EPA/DHA, with algae-based options suitable for vegetarians. High doses or low-quality products may cause side effects like fishy aftertaste or bleeding risk, so consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing and to avoid interactions with medications like blood thinners.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health","Liver Health","Mood & Mental Health","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":11},{"id":"zeaxanthin","name":"Zeaxanthin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zeaxanthin is a yellow-orange carotenoid and antioxidant that helps protect the eyes from oxidative stress and harmful blue light, playing a vital role in maintaining healthy vision and supporting the macula. It is naturally found in foods such as corn, orange and yellow peppers, goji berries, egg yolks, and leafy greens like spinach and kale. In supplements, zeaxanthin is most commonly sourced from marigold flower extract (Tagetes erecta) or produced through fermentation using specialized yeast strains. It is often combined with lutein in eye health formulas for their synergistic benefits.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"vitamin-c","name":"Vitamin C","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble essential nutrient that humans cannot synthesize because we lack a functional GULO gene. It acts as a potent water-phase antioxidant, an obligate cofactor for collagen-synthesizing enzymes, and a regulator of immune cell function. Severe deficiency causes scurvy. Supplementation has shown modest but consistent benefits on common cold duration and severity, particularly in physically stressed populations. Marketed claims for cancer and sepsis treatment, however, have largely failed in rigorous trials. Modern dosing is informed by saturation pharmacokinetics: oral absorption plateaus around 200-400 mg per dose.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":8},{"id":"green-tea","name":"Green Tea","latinName":"Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"Green tea extract, derived from Camellia sinensis leaves, is rich in antioxidants like catechins, particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which support cellular health and metabolism. As a dietary supplement, it is commonly used to promote weight loss, enhance cognitive function, and reduce inflammation. Research suggests green tea may improve fat oxidation and cardiovascular health, but high doses can cause side effects like liver toxicity, and more studies are needed to confirm long-term benefits.","categories":["Antioxidant","Weight Management","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"akkermansia-muciniphila","name":"Akkermansia muciniphila","latinName":"Akkermansia muciniphila","shortDescription":"Akkermansia muciniphila is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that lives in the gut mucus layer and degrades mucin into short-chain fatty acids. It typically constitutes 1-5% of the healthy adult gut microbiome and is positively correlated with metabolic health markers in observational studies. Pasteurized A. muciniphila showed better effects than live cells in mouse models, leading to the AMF-01 commercial preparation. Evidence base is preliminary: a foundational human safety pilot was small, and larger phase 2/3 RCTs are still in progress. Marketed as a 'next-generation probiotic' for metabolic and GLP-1 support.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Immune Support","Gut Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"whey-concentrate","name":"Whey Concentrate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) is a high-quality protein supplement derived from milk during cheese production, containing 70\u201380% protein alongside small amounts of lactose, fats, and bioactive compounds like immunoglobulins and lactoferrin. Rich in essential amino acids, particularly leucine, WPC supports muscle growth, repair, and recovery, enhances satiety for weight management, and may boost immune function and antioxidant defenses. It\u2019s cost-effective and versatile but may cause digestive issues in lactose-intolerant individuals. Typical doses range from 20\u201340 g daily, depending on goals and body weight. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially with medical conditions or medications.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"curcumin-turmeric","name":"Curcumin/Turmeric","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Curcumin, the primary bioactive compound in turmeric (Curcuma longa), is commonly supplemented in standardized extracts (typically 500\u20132000 mg/day, with 95% curcuminoids) to support anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. It inhibits pro-inflammatory pathways (e.g., NF-\u03baB, COX-2), reducing inflammation in conditions like arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or exercise-induced muscle soreness. As an antioxidant, curcumin neutralizes free radicals and boosts endogenous antioxidant enzymes (e.g., glutathione), protecting cells from oxidative stress linked to aging and chronic diseases. It may also support heart health by improving endothelial function and reducing LDL cholesterol oxidation. Additionally, curcumin shows potential in supporting brain health by crossing the blood-brain barrier, enhancing neuroprotection, and possibly reducing symptoms of depression or cognitive decline.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Mood & Mental Health","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"nac-n-acetylcysteine","name":"NAC (N-Acetylcysteine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) is a supplemental form of the amino acid cysteine, best known for its powerful antioxidant and detoxification support. It helps replenish glutathione, the body's master antioxidant, and supports liver health, respiratory function, and immune defense. While cysteine is found in high-protein foods like chicken, turkey, eggs, dairy, and legumes, NAC itself is not found in food and is produced synthetically for use in supplements. It is commonly used for its role in managing oxidative stress, supporting detoxification, and promoting overall cellular health.","categories":["Antioxidant","Respiratory Health","Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse","Mood & Mental Health","Fertility"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"phosphatidylserine","name":"Phosphatidylserine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid concentrated in neuronal cell membranes (10-20% of brain phospholipid). The FDA authorized a Qualified Health Claim in 2003 \u2014 'PS may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly' \u2014 with FDA's own caveat: 'very little scientific evidence supporting this claim.' Important honest correction: the strongest historical evidence used bovine cortex-derived PS, which is no longer commercially available due to BSE concerns. Modern soy- and sunflower-derived PS has weaker cognitive evidence. Strongest current applications: age-associated memory complaints in elderly and exercise-induced cortisol attenuation.","categories":["Cognitive","Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"citicoline","name":"Citicoline","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Citicoline (CDP-choline) is a naturally-occurring intermediate in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, marketed primarily as the branded form Cognizin\u00ae (Kyowa Hakko Bio). Originally developed as a stroke pharmaceutical (Somazina\u00ae, prescribed in Europe and Japan), citicoline was later repositioned as an over-the-counter cognitive supplement. Best-supported uses: episodic memory in age-associated memory impairment, glaucoma neuroprotection (3-year RCT), and ADHD attention. Major caveat: the landmark ICTUS stroke trial (Lancet 380:349-357) was negative \u2014 earlier positive evidence has not held up at scale.","categories":["Cognitive","Eye Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"colostrum","name":"Colostrum","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Colostrum is the nutrient-rich, yellowish first milk produced by mammals, including humans and cows, right after giving birth. Packed with antibodies, proteins, growth factors, vitamins, and minerals, it supports newborns' immune systems, gut health, and development. Bovine colostrum is used in supplements to potentially boost immunity, gut function, and athletic recovery in adults, though evidence is limited. It\u2019s generally safe but not FDA-regulated, and dairy-sensitive individuals should avoid it.","categories":["Immune Support","Muscle & Recovery","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"alpha-gpc","name":"Alpha-GPC","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Alpha-GPC (alpha-glycerophosphocholine) is a highly bioavailable source of choline that readily crosses into the brain, where it supports the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter important for memory, learning, and focus. It is popular as a nootropic for mental sharpness and is also studied for power output and the growth-hormone response around exercise, making it common in both cognitive and pre-workout formulas. Typical doses range from 300 to 600 mg, and because some people find it mildly stimulating, it is best taken earlier in the day. It is generally well tolerated, with occasional mild headache or stomach upset.","categories":["Cognitive","Athletic Performance","Liver Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":9},{"id":"vitamin-b6-pyridoxine","name":"Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a water-soluble vitamin essential for amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and red blood cell formation. It supports brain health, mood regulation, and immune function, with clinical trials supporting benefits for premenstrual syndrome and nausea in pregnancy, and preliminary signals for mood and anxiety.","categories":["Cognitive","Metabolic Health","Women's Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"vitamin-d","name":"Vitamin D","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and steroid hormone precursor essential for calcium absorption, bone mineralization, and immune function. Most circulating vitamin D comes from cutaneous synthesis after UVB exposure, with food contribution typically modest. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) raises serum levels more effectively than D2 (ergocalciferol). Strongest evidence: deficiency correction, fall prevention in older adults, and autoimmune disease prevention. Honest correction: the largest modern trials were negative for cardiovascular events and primary cancer prevention \u2014 supplementation in replete individuals provides limited benefit.","categories":["Bone Health","Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"chromium","name":"Chromium","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chromium is an essential trace mineral that plays a key role in regulating blood sugar by enhancing the effects of insulin, making it important for carbohydrate and fat metabolism. It is naturally found in small amounts in foods such as whole grains, broccoli, green beans, meat, poultry, nuts, and eggs. However, dietary absorption can vary, so supplements are often used to help maintain optimal levels. Common supplemental forms include chromium picolinate, chromium polynicotinate, and chromium chloride, with chromium picolinate being the most widely used in blood sugar support formulas.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"vitamin-b12","name":"Vitamin B12","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin commonly supplemented as cyanocobalamin or methylcobalamin, essential for red blood cell production, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. It supports energy metabolism by aiding in the conversion of food into energy and prevents megaloblastic anemia by facilitating red blood cell formation. B12 is crucial for maintaining nerve health, as it supports myelin sheath production, potentially reducing the risk of neuropathy. It may also improve mood and cognitive function by regulating homocysteine levels, which are linked to neurological disorders. Supplements typically provide 500\u20131000 mcg/day, with higher doses used for deficiency correction, especially in vegans or those with absorption issues (e.g., pernicious anemia). Side effects are rare but may include mild diarrhea or allergic reactions. Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing, especially if on medications like metformin or with conditions affecting B12 absorption.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":10},{"id":"biotin","name":"Biotin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble B vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and supports healthy hair, skin, and nails. The amount needed daily is small and easily met by a normal diet, so true deficiency is rare, yet biotin is hugely popular in high-dose beauty supplements aimed at stronger hair and nails. Evidence for benefit in people who are not deficient is limited, so realistic expectations are wise. Importantly, high-dose biotin can interfere with certain lab tests, including thyroid and heart-marker tests, so it should be disclosed to your doctor and paused before bloodwork. It is otherwise considered very safe, since excess is excreted.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"lion-s-mane-mushroom","name":"Lion's Mane Mushroom","latinName":"Hericium erinaceus","shortDescription":"Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) is an edible medicinal mushroom prized for its potential to support cognitive function, memory, and focus, as well as nerve and mood health. Its distinctive compounds, hericenones and erinacines, are studied for their ability to support nerve growth factor (NGF), which is involved in the growth and maintenance of brain cells. Cognitive benefits build gradually, so studies typically run two to four months. Quality matters: look for products that specify fruiting body and list beta-glucan content rather than just total polysaccharides. Lion's mane is generally well tolerated, with the main caution being for those with mushroom allergies.","categories":["Cognitive","Immune Support","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"vitamin-k","name":"Vitamin K","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and for directing calcium into bones rather than soft tissues. It exists mainly as K1, from leafy greens, involved chiefly in clotting, and K2, from fermented foods and animal products, which is more active in supporting bone and cardiovascular health. K2 supplements, often the long-acting MK-7 form, are popular for bone and heart support and are frequently paired with vitamin D and calcium. Vitamin K is generally very safe, but anyone taking the blood thinner warfarin should not change their vitamin K intake without medical guidance, since it directly opposes that drug.","categories":["Bone Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"zinc","name":"Zinc","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zinc, an essential trace mineral, is commonly supplemented in forms like zinc gluconate, acetate, or citrate, playing a critical role in immune function, protein synthesis, and cellular repair. It supports immune health by enhancing the activity of T-cells and natural killer cells, potentially reducing the duration and severity of colds when taken early. Zinc is vital for skin health, aiding wound healing and reducing inflammation in conditions like acne. It also contributes to DNA formation, enzyme function, and reproductive health, including testosterone production. Supplements typically provide 15\u201330 mg/day, but excessive intake (>40 mg/day) may cause side effects like nausea, diarrhea, or copper deficiency due to impaired absorption. Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing, especially if on medications like antibiotics or with conditions like kidney disease, to avoid interactions or toxicity.","categories":["Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails","Men's Health","Fertility","Testosterone","Cognitive","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"riboflavin","name":"Riboflavin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential water-soluble vitamin central to energy production and to recycling antioxidants such as glutathione. It also helps activate other B vitamins, including B6 and folate. Adequate amounts are easily obtained from dairy, eggs, lean meats, and fortified grains, so deficiency is uncommon, but supplements are used for general energy support and, at a higher dose of around 400 mg per day, have been studied for people prone to migraines. Riboflavin is considered very safe because excess is excreted, which harmlessly turns urine bright yellow, a normal and expected effect rather than a cause for concern.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":8},{"id":"glucosamine","name":"Glucosamine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Glucosamine, a natural compound found in cartilage, is commonly supplemented as glucosamine sulfate or hydrochloride (typically 500\u20131500 mg/day) to support joint health. It serves as a building block for glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans, essential components of cartilage, potentially aiding in cartilage repair and maintenance. Glucosamine may reduce joint pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis by stimulating collagen production and inhibiting cartilage-degrading enzymes. It also exhibits mild anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1\u03b2). Some studies suggest it may slow joint degeneration, though evidence is mixed. Supplements are often combined with chondroitin for synergistic effects. Side effects are generally mild but may include digestive upset, nausea, or allergic reactions, particularly in those with shellfish allergies (as many forms are derived from shellfish). Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing, especially if on medications like blood thinners or with conditions like diabetes, as glucosamine may affect blood sugar.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"thiamine","name":"Thiamine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for converting carbohydrates into energy and supporting nervous system function. It plays a key role in glucose metabolism and is necessary for proper muscle and nerve activity. Natural food sources of thiamine include whole grains, pork, legumes, nuts, and seeds, as well as fortified cereals and bread. Thiamine is also available in supplement form, often as thiamine hydrochloride or benfotiamine, a fat-soluble derivative used for better absorption, especially in nerve health formulas.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"cbd-cannabidiol","name":"CBD (Cannabidiol)","latinName":"Cannabis sativa","shortDescription":"CBD (cannabidiol) is a non-intoxicating compound from hemp, used for relaxation, occasional anxiousness, sleep, and discomfort and recovery support. Unlike THC, it does not cause a high, and quality hemp-derived products contain only trace THC. Doses vary widely by person and goal, commonly from about 10 to 50 mg per day, started low and adjusted, since effects are very individual. CBD is generally well tolerated, with possible drowsiness, dry mouth, or digestive changes, but it can interact with many medications by affecting drug-metabolizing enzymes, similar to grapefruit, so those on prescriptions, especially blood thinners, should check with a doctor; choose third-party-tested products.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"lycopene","name":"Lycopene","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Lycopene is a red-pigmented carotenoid found in tomatoes, watermelon, and pink grapefruit, known for potent antioxidant activity. It's the most abundant carotenoid in human plasma and accumulates particularly in prostate, testis, adrenal, and skin tissue. Strongest evidence: cardiovascular markers (modest BP and lipid effects), skin photoprotection, and emerging postmenopausal bone support. Important caveat: prostate cancer prevention claims are popular but not well-supported by randomized trial evidence \u2014 only observational and small-trial data, with Cochrane Review finding no significant PSA reduction overall. Bioavailability is markedly higher from cooked tomato products (paste, sauce) than fresh tomatoes.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Hair, Skin & Nails","Bone Health","Prostate Health","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"glycine","name":"Glycine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Glycine is a non-essential amino acid found in protein-rich foods and synthesized by the body, playing a key role in collagen formation, neurotransmitter function, and muscle repair. As a dietary supplement, it is often used to improve sleep quality, reduce inflammation, and support joint and skin health. Preliminary studies suggest glycine may enhance sleep, protect against muscle loss, and aid in metabolic health, but more research is needed to fully validate its benefits.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"ginseng","name":"Ginseng","latinName":"Panax ginseng / Panax quinquefolius","shortDescription":"Ginseng, derived from the roots of plants like Panax ginseng, contains ginsenosides, active compounds known for their adaptogenic and energy-boosting properties. As a dietary supplement, it is commonly used to enhance mental clarity, reduce fatigue, and support immune function. Research suggests ginseng may improve cognitive performance and physical endurance, but evidence is inconsistent, and more studies are needed to confirm its long-term benefits and safety.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Immune Support","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"l-theanine","name":"L-Theanine","latinName":"Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"L-Theanine, an amino acid primarily found in green tea (Camellia sinensis), is commonly supplemented in doses of 100\u2013400 mg/day to promote relaxation and cognitive health. It enhances alpha brain wave activity, inducing a calm, focused mental state without sedation, making it effective for reducing stress and anxiety. L-Theanine may improve sleep quality by promoting relaxation and reducing caffeine-induced overstimulation when combined with caffeine, enhancing attention and cognitive performance. It also exhibits neuroprotective properties by modulating neurotransmitters like GABA, serotonin, and dopamine, potentially supporting mood and reducing symptoms of mild depression. Additionally, L-Theanine has mild antioxidant effects, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Side effects are rare but may include mild headaches or drowsiness at high doses. Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing, especially if on medications like antidepressants or stimulants, to avoid potential interactions.","categories":["Cognitive","Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":8},{"id":"quercetin","name":"Quercetin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Quercetin is a plant flavonoid found in onions, apples, and capers, valued for its antioxidant activity and its support of a healthy immune and histamine response, which makes it especially popular during allergy season. It is also studied for cardiovascular support and exercise recovery. Because quercetin is poorly absorbed on its own, it is often taken with a fatty meal, paired with bromelain or vitamin C, or chosen in enhanced-absorption phytosome forms. Common doses are 500 to 1,000 mg per day, frequently split into two. It is generally well tolerated, though it can interact with some medications, so those on prescriptions should check with a doctor.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":9},{"id":"coconut-oil","name":"Coconut Oil","latinName":"Cocos nucifera","shortDescription":"Coconut oil is a saturated fat rich in medium-chain fatty acids like lauric acid, used in cooking, for skin and hair care, and as a source of quick-burning fats, and it is popular in keto and paleo diets. Despite superfood marketing, it is high in saturated fat and can raise LDL cholesterol, so health authorities advise using it in moderation rather than as a primary fat; it does also raise HDL and is fine within a varied diet. There is no need to take spoonfuls daily for health. As a food it is safe in moderation, with the main consideration being its effect on cholesterol, and topical use is generally well tolerated.","categories":["Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"astaxanthin","name":"Astaxanthin","latinName":"Haematococcus pluvialis","shortDescription":"Astaxanthin is a powerful red-orange antioxidant carotenoid best known for its anti-inflammatory and skin-protective properties. It is naturally produced by the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, which is the primary source used in supplements due to its high concentration and bioavailability. Other natural sources include krill, salmon, trout, and shrimp\u2014these animals accumulate astaxanthin through their diet. Some yeast species, like Phaffia rhodozyma, also produce astaxanthin, mainly for animal feed. Unlike synthetic versions used in aquaculture, natural astaxanthin from algae is preferred for human use due to its safety and potency.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Cognitive","Fertility"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"l-citrulline","name":"L-Citrulline","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Citrulline is a naturally occurring amino acid that supports nitric oxide production, helping to improve blood flow, enhance exercise performance, and reduce muscle fatigue. It is found in small amounts in foods such as watermelon (its richest natural source), cucumbers, and squash. In supplements, L-citrulline is typically produced through fermentation processes to ensure purity and potency. It is often included in pre-workout formulas or taken on its own to support cardiovascular health and athletic performance.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular","Libido Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"lutein","name":"Lutein","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Lutein is a yellow carotenoid antioxidant that plays a key role in eye health, particularly in protecting the retina and filtering harmful blue light. It is most abundant in dark leafy greens like spinach, kale, and collard greens, and is also found in vegetables such as corn, peas, and broccoli, as well as in egg yolks. For supplements, the primary source of lutein is the petals of marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta), which are rich in lutein esters. This natural extract is widely used in eye health formulations, often alongside zeaxanthin, to support vision and macular health.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"l-glutamine","name":"L-Glutamine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and the primary metabolic fuel for enterocytes (intestinal cells), supplying 60-70% of their energy. It's conditionally essential during stress states (illness, trauma, intense exercise) when endogenous synthesis fails to meet demand. The strongest clinical evidence is for sickle cell disease (FDA-approved as Endari\u00ae), post-infectious IBS-D, and specialized surgical/burn nutrition support. Important honest caveat: the popular 5-10 g/day 'leaky gut' dose appears to be below the effective dose for measurable intestinal permeability improvement (which requires >30 g/day short-term). Athletic recovery evidence is mixed.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Immune Support","Gut Health","Hydration"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"5-htp-5-hydroxytryptophan","name":"5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan)","latinName":"Griffonia simplicifolia","shortDescription":"5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a naturally occurring compound derived from L-tryptophan, serving as a direct precursor to serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, and appetite. Found in supplements extracted from Griffonia simplicifolia seeds, 5-HTP is used to potentially alleviate depression, improve sleep quality, reduce fibromyalgia symptoms, and support weight loss by enhancing satiety.","categories":["Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"melatonin","name":"Melatonin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates circadian rhythm and signals biological darkness. Available in synthetic form (typically 0.5\u201310 mg/dose), it binds MT1/MT2 receptors to promote sleep onset. Strongest evidence is for jet lag, shift work sleep adjustment, and pediatric sleep disorders \u2014 adult primary insomnia evidence is more modest than commonly assumed. Most adults overdose: physiological doses (0.3\u20131 mg) match natural pineal output; 5\u201310 mg tablets produce supraphysiologic levels with no added benefit. Timing matters: 30\u201360 min before bedtime for sleep onset; 3 hours before for harder cases.","categories":["Sleep Health","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"coenzyme-q10","name":"CoEnzyme Q10","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid-soluble compound essential to mitochondrial ATP production via the electron transport chain. Found in two forms: ubiquinone (oxidized) and ubiquinol (reduced) \u2014 ubiquinol generally has 2-3\u00d7 better bioavailability, particularly in older adults. Strongest clinical evidence: heart failure mortality reduction (Q-SYMBIO 2014, NYHA III-IV) and migraine prophylaxis (AHS Level C). Important honesty correction: the popular 'CoQ10 fixes statin myopathy' claim is contested \u2014 2025 meta-analysis found NO significant benefit; 2018 meta-analysis found benefit. Mixed evidence at best. Tissue CoQ10 declines with age, contributing to the age-related supplementation rationale.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Energy","Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"milk-thistle","name":"Milk Thistle","latinName":"Silybum marianum","shortDescription":"Milk thistle, derived from the Silybum marianum plant, contains silymarin, a compound known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, primarily supporting liver health. As a dietary supplement, it is commonly used to promote liver detoxification, protect against liver damage, and support digestive function. Research suggests milk thistle may help improve liver function in conditions like hepatitis or cirrhosis, but evidence is mixed, and further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and optimal dosing.","categories":["Antioxidant","Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":8},{"id":"ginkgo-biloba","name":"Ginkgo Biloba","latinName":"Ginkgo biloba","shortDescription":"Ginkgo biloba is a popular herbal supplement derived from the leaves of the Ginkgo tree, one of the oldest living tree species. It is commonly used to support cognitive function, memory, and circulation. Rich in antioxidants like flavonoids and terpenoids, Ginkgo may help improve blood flow to the brain and protect cells from oxidative damage. It\u2019s often taken for age-related cognitive decline, mental clarity, and sometimes for symptoms like tinnitus or anxiety. Clinical results vary widely by product: nearly all rigorous trials used the standardized extract EGb 761\u00ae (24% flavonol glycosides, 6% terpene lactones), and non-standardized ginkgo products may not contain comparable levels of active compounds.","categories":["Cognitive","Cardiovascular","Mood & Mental Health","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"egb-761","name":"EGb 761\u00ae (Standardized Ginkgo biloba Extract)","latinName":"Ginkgo biloba","shortDescription":"EGb 761\u00ae is the standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (24% flavonol glycosides, 6% terpene lactones) developed by Dr. Willmar Schwabe Pharmaceuticals and sold in branded products such as Tebonin\u00ae and Tanakan\u00ae. It is the specific preparation used in the large majority of rigorous ginkgo clinical trials, so its evidence base is far more developed than that of generic ginkgo products. Its best-supported use is the symptomatic management of mild-to-moderate dementia accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms, where 240 mg/day has improved cognition, behavior, and daily function versus placebo. Importantly, two large multi-year trials (GEM and GuidAge) showed it does not prevent dementia or Alzheimer's disease, and it does not enhance cognition in healthy adults. It has also been studied for generalized anxiety.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"berberine","name":"Berberine","latinName":"Berberis aristata / Coptis chinensis","shortDescription":"Berberine is a bioactive compound extracted from plants like barberry and goldenseal, known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic-regulating properties. As a dietary supplement, it is commonly used to support blood sugar control, improve cholesterol levels, and promote gut health. Studies suggest berberine may enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce cardiovascular risk factors, but more research is needed to establish long-term safety and efficacy.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular","Weight Management","Gut Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"hyaluronic-acid","name":"Hyaluronic Acid","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the body, primarily found in connective tissues, skin, and eyes, known for its ability to retain moisture and support tissue hydration. As a dietary supplement, it is often taken to promote skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles, and support joint health by lubricating joints and reducing inflammation. Research suggests it may improve skin appearance and alleviate joint pain, though results vary and more studies are needed to confirm long-term benefits.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"inulin","name":"Inulin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Inulin is a soluble prebiotic fiber found naturally in chicory root, agave, and many vegetables. The body does not digest it; instead, beneficial gut bacteria ferment it, which supports digestion, regularity, and a healthy microbiome and may improve calcium absorption. It is widely added to foods and supplements to boost fiber content with a mildly sweet taste. Because it is highly fermentable, inulin can cause gas and bloating, especially at first or in people with IBS or FODMAP sensitivity, so it is best started at a few grams and increased gradually toward 5 to 10 grams per day.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Gut Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"magnesium","name":"Magnesium","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body and a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions. It plays foundational roles in muscle relaxation, nerve transmission, energy production, blood pressure regulation, and bone mineralization. Most adults are chronically under-consuming. Common supplemental forms (citrate, glycinate, malate, L-threonate) differ markedly in absorption and clinical context \u2014 oxide is poorly absorbed but commonly used as a low-cost laxative; glycinate and malate are preferred for sleep and anxiety; L-threonate uniquely crosses the blood-brain barrier.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Metabolic Health","Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Hydration","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"chondroitin","name":"Chondroitin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chondroitin, a key component of cartilage, is commonly supplemented as chondroitin sulfate (typically 400\u20131200 mg/day) to support joint health and mobility. It helps maintain cartilage structure by promoting water retention and elasticity, essential for shock absorption in joints. Chondroitin may reduce joint pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis by inhibiting cartilage-degrading enzymes (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases) and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1), providing mild anti-inflammatory effects. It also stimulates glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis, potentially slowing cartilage breakdown. Often paired with glucosamine for enhanced benefits, chondroitin shows mixed evidence for efficacy but may improve joint function in some individuals. Side effects are rare but may include mild digestive upset, nausea, or allergic reactions, particularly in those with shellfish allergies (as it\u2019s often derived from marine sources). Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing, especially if on blood thinners or with conditions like asthma, to avoid interactions or adverse effects.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"echinacea","name":"Echinacea","latinName":"Echinacea purpurea / Echinacea angustifolia","shortDescription":"Echinacea, derived from the Echinacea purpurea plant, contains active compounds like alkamides and polysaccharides known for their immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties. As a dietary supplement, it is commonly used to prevent or reduce the severity of colds, flu, and upper respiratory infections. Research suggests echinacea may modestly enhance immune function and shorten cold duration, but evidence is mixed, and further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and optimal use.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"polypodium-leucotomos","name":"Polypodium Leucotomos","latinName":"Phlebodium aureum","shortDescription":"Polypodium leucotomos (PL) is a fern native to Central and South America, valued for its antioxidant and photoprotective properties. Its extract, rich in phenolic compounds like ferulic and caffeic acids, is taken orally to help support the skin's resilience to UV-related oxidative stress. In supplemental (oral) form it is used to complement \u2014 not replace \u2014 sun protection, and it has been studied in dermatology for photosensitivity conditions such as polymorphic light eruption. PL helps neutralize free radicals and support the skin's natural defenses against UV-induced stress.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":8},{"id":"msm-methylsulfonylmethane","name":"MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) is an organosulfur compound used widely for joint health, exercise recovery, and skin/hair/nail support. It provides bioavailable sulfur \u2014 essential for connective tissue health, antioxidant glutathione synthesis, and various enzymatic processes. Clinical evidence supports joint pain reduction in osteoarthritis (typically combined with glucosamine and chondroitin), reduced exercise-induced muscle damage, and modest anti-inflammatory effects. Sometimes taken for allergies, though evidence here is weaker. The honest framing: a well-tolerated supplement with modest but consistent evidence for joint and exercise recovery applications; one of the safer joint supplement choices for those who can't or won't take NSAIDs, with the upside being broad supportive effects and the downside being smaller effect sizes than pharmaceutical pain relievers.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Antioxidant","Respiratory Health","Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"vitamin-a","name":"Vitamin A","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vitamin A is a fat-soluble nutrient essential for vision, immune defense, reproduction, and epithelial cell differentiation. It exists as preformed vitamin A (retinol and retinyl esters) from animal sources \u2014 liver, dairy, eggs \u2014 and as provitamin A carotenoids (primarily beta-carotene) from orange and dark green plants. Deficiency is the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide and substantially increases child mortality from measles, diarrhea, and respiratory infections. Modern intake is measured as Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE) to account for the lower conversion efficiency of plant carotenoids.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Respiratory Health","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"vitamin-e","name":"Vitamin E","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vitamin E is a family of fat-soluble antioxidants, the most active being alpha-tocopherol, that protect cell membranes from oxidative damage. It supports skin and immune health and works alongside other antioxidants like vitamin C to neutralize free radicals. While dietary vitamin E from nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils is easily obtained, supplements are used mainly to correct deficiency; high-dose supplementation for antioxidant/disease-prevention purposes is not supported and may be harmful; natural d-alpha-tocopherol and mixed-tocopherol products are better retained than synthetic forms. Because high doses can have a blood-thinning effect, vitamin E is best kept to moderate amounts, especially for those taking anticoagulants.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"iron","name":"Iron","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Iron is an essential mineral best known for its central role in making hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Adequate iron supports healthy energy, exercise capacity, cognition, and immune function, and correcting a deficiency can relieve the fatigue, weakness, and pallor of iron-deficiency anemia. Iron is especially important for menstruating women, pregnant women, athletes, and plant-based eaters, who are at higher risk of running low. Because too much iron is harmful, supplements should generally be used to correct a confirmed deficiency, with vitamin C improving absorption and gentle forms like ferrous bisglycinate easing common digestive side effects.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"iodine","name":"Iodine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Iodine is an essential trace mineral that the thyroid gland uses to make thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development throughout the body. Adequate iodine is especially critical during pregnancy for healthy fetal brain development. Most people in regions using iodized salt get enough, and seafood and dairy are good sources, so routine supplements provide modest amounts (around 150 mcg). Both too little and too much iodine can disrupt the thyroid, so very high-dose products such as some kelp supplements should be used cautiously. People with thyroid conditions should discuss iodine intake with their doctor before supplementing.","categories":["Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"selenium","name":"Selenium","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Selenium is an essential trace mineral that the body uses to build antioxidant enzymes (such as glutathione peroxidase) and to activate thyroid hormones. Through these roles it supports thyroid function, a healthy immune response, antioxidant defense, and reproductive health. Most people obtain enough from foods such as Brazil nuts, seafood, eggs, and grains, though intake varies with soil content. Supplements typically provide 100 to 200 mcg, often as well-absorbed selenomethionine or selenium yeast. Because selenium has a relatively narrow safe range, total intake should stay below about 400 mcg per day to avoid toxicity.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Metabolic Health","Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"probiotics","name":"Probiotics (Multi-strain Blends)","latinName":"Lactobacillus acidophilus / Bifidobacterium longum","shortDescription":"Multi-strain probiotic blends are the most common form of probiotic supplements \u2014 typically combining 5-30 species from Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and sometimes Bacillus or Saccharomyces. While clinical trials of specific blends show benefits for general gut health, immunity, and stress, the evidence base for any given combination is weaker than for individual well-studied strains. NutraSmarts now includes dedicated pages for the most clinically-validated individual species and strains: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Saccharomyces boulardii, Bifidobacterium animalis lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. gasseri, Bifidobacterium longum, L. reuteri, Bacillus subtilis, L. casei, and Streptococcus salivarius. Strain-specific evidence does not generalize across species \u2014 a benefit shown for L. rhamnosus GG should not be assumed for L. plantarum, even within the same multi-strain blend.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"nmn","name":"NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a precursor that the body uses to make NAD+, a coenzyme central to energy metabolism and cellular repair whose levels decline with age. This has made NMN a popular longevity supplement, studied for healthy aging, energy, and metabolic support. It is closely related to NR (nicotinamide riboside), another NAD+ precursor, and both aim to raise NAD+ levels. Common doses range from 250 to 500 mg per day. Short-term human studies suggest NMN is generally well tolerated, though long-term data is still emerging and its regulatory status has shifted, so quality and sourcing matter.","categories":["Energy","Metabolic Health","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"rhodiola-rosea","name":"Rhodiola Rosea","latinName":"Rhodiola rosea","shortDescription":"Rhodiola rosea is an adaptogenic herb traditionally used in cold northern regions to combat fatigue and build resilience to physical and mental stress. Its active rosavins and salidroside are thought to help regulate the stress response and support energy, mental performance, and a balanced mood, making it popular for burnout, low energy, and demanding workloads. Unlike many adaptogens, some people notice reduced fatigue within days, though stress and mood benefits build over weeks. It is usually taken as a 200 to 600 mg standardized extract in the morning, since it can be mildly stimulating, and is often used in cycles rather than continuously.","categories":["Cognitive","Athletic Performance","Energy","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"elderberry","name":"Elderberry","latinName":"Sambucus nigra","shortDescription":"Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is a dark purple berry rich in anthocyanin antioxidants, used mainly for immune support during colds and flu. Studies suggest it may help ease the duration and severity of cold and flu-like symptoms, especially when taken at the first sign of illness, which is why it is a seasonal staple in syrups, gummies, and lozenges. It is typically used short-term at symptom onset rather than continuously. Raw or unripe elderberries and the plant's leaves and stems contain compounds that can cause nausea, so only properly prepared commercial products should be used. Those with autoimmune conditions should check with a doctor.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"beetroot","name":"Beetroot","latinName":"Beta vulgaris","shortDescription":"Beetroot is a vegetable rich in dietary nitrate, which the body converts into nitric oxide, a molecule that relaxes and widens blood vessels to improve blood flow. Through this pathway, beetroot juice and powder are popular for supporting exercise endurance and performance and healthy blood pressure. Because blood nitrate levels peak a few hours after intake, athletes often take a concentrated dose two to three hours before training or competition, while daily use supports blood pressure over time. Beetroot also supplies betalain antioxidants, and a harmless reddish tint to urine or stool (beeturia) can occur in some people.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"reishi-mushroom","name":"Reishi Mushroom","latinName":"Ganoderma lucidum","shortDescription":"Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) is a revered medicinal mushroom traditionally called the mushroom of immortality, studied for immune support, stress and sleep, and general wellbeing. It is considered a calming adaptogen, with some people taking it in the evening for relaxation, and its beta-glucans and triterpenes are credited with immune and calming effects, though human sleep evidence is limited. Because reishi is too woody to eat, it is used as a hot-water or dual extract, often around 1 to 2 grams per day, standardized to beta-glucans. It is generally well tolerated, though it may have a mild blood-thinning effect and interact with immune or blood-pressure medications, so check with a doctor if relevant.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cordyceps","name":"Cordyceps","latinName":"Cordyceps sinensis / Cordyceps militaris","shortDescription":"Cordyceps is a medicinal mushroom traditionally prized as an energy and vitality tonic, popular today for supporting exercise performance, stamina, and respiratory and immune health. Most supplements use the cultivated Cordyceps militaris or the CS-4 strain rather than the rare wild Cordyceps sinensis. Research suggests it may support oxygen utilization and exercise capacity with consistent use over several weeks, though results are modest. Typical doses range from 1 to 3 grams of extract per day; look for products listing beta-glucan or cordycepin content. It is generally well tolerated, but those on blood thinners or immune medications should check with a doctor.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"turkey-tail-mushroom","name":"Turkey Tail Mushroom","latinName":"Trametes versicolor","shortDescription":"Turkey tail (Trametes versicolor) is a medicinal mushroom studied mainly for immune support, and it is a rich source of beta-glucans, including PSK and PSP. In their purified forms these are regulated prescription pharmaceuticals in Japan and China, used alongside conventional cancer treatment, which is distinct from retail turkey tail extracts, while over-the-counter turkey tail supplements provide beta-glucans for general immune support. Supplement doses commonly range from 1 to 3 grams of extract per day; look for standardized beta-glucan content. Turkey tail is generally well tolerated, with occasional mild digestive upset; those on immune-modulating medication or undergoing treatment should use it only with their doctor's knowledge.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"resveratrol","name":"Resveratrol","latinName":"Vitis vinifera / Polygonum cuspidatum","shortDescription":"Resveratrol is a polyphenol antioxidant found in grape skins, red wine, and Japanese knotweed (the usual supplement source) that has drawn wide interest for cardiovascular and healthy-aging support. It is studied for protecting blood vessels, supporting antioxidant defense, and influencing longevity-related pathways, though human evidence is still developing and effects are modest. Because resveratrol is fat-soluble and not well absorbed on its own, it is best taken with a fatty meal and is sometimes paired with piperine or quercetin to improve uptake. Doses commonly range from 150 to 500 mg; it may have a mild blood-thinning effect at higher amounts.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Menopause Support","Anti-Inflammatory","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"alpha-lipoic-acid","name":"Alpha Lipoic Acid","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a versatile antioxidant made naturally in the body that is unusual for being both water- and fat-soluble, allowing it to work throughout cells. It helps regenerate other antioxidants like vitamins C and E and is studied for supporting nerve comfort and healthy blood sugar, which is why it is popular among people focused on metabolic and nerve health. The biologically active R-form (R-ALA) is used at lower doses than the common mixed R/S form. ALA is typically taken at 300 to 600 mg per day, ideally on an empty stomach; because it may lower blood sugar, those on diabetes medication should monitor their levels.","categories":["Antioxidant","Metabolic Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"valerian-root","name":"Valerian Root","latinName":"Valeriana officinalis","shortDescription":"Valerian root is a traditional calming herb used for occasional sleeplessness and relaxation. It is thought to work by supporting the activity of GABA, the brain's main calming neurotransmitter, which is the basis for its long history as a natural sleep aid, often combined with hops or lemon balm. Valerian is usually taken as a 300 to 600 mg extract 30 to 60 minutes before bed, and it tends to work best after about two weeks of consistent nightly use rather than on the first night. It can cause grogginess or vivid dreams in some people and may add to the effects of sedatives and alcohol, so it should not be combined with them.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"inositol","name":"Inositol (Myo-Inositol)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Inositol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol that acts as a secondary messenger in insulin signaling and is essential for cell membrane structure and neurotransmitter pathways. The myo-inositol form has the strongest clinical evidence base, with applications in PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), metabolic health, fertility, and anxiety/mood disorders. For PCOS, it's typically combined with D-chiro-inositol at a 40:1 ratio \u2014 the ratio that mimics natural plasma levels in healthy women. Effects often appear comparable to metformin in PCOS, with notably better GI tolerability. One of the fastest-growing supplement categories in women's health and fertility.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management","Women's Health","Mood & Mental Health","Fertility"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"fenugreek","name":"Fenugreek","latinName":"Trigonella foenum-graecum","shortDescription":"Fenugreek is an aromatic seed used both as a culinary spice and a supplement, best known for supporting healthy testosterone and libido in men, blood-sugar balance, and milk production in breastfeeding mothers. Standardized extracts studied for male vitality typically provide around 500 to 600 mg per day, while its soluble fiber underlies the blood-sugar effects. Results for testosterone are modest and product-dependent, with libido support being the more consistent finding. Fenugreek can cause a harmless maple-syrup-like body odor and may lower blood sugar, so diabetics should monitor; medicinal doses should be avoided in pregnancy.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Libido Support","Men's Health","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"boron","name":"Boron","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Boron is a trace mineral that influences how the body uses calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D, and is studied for supporting bone health, joint comfort, and healthy hormone levels, including free testosterone and estrogen balance. Although there is no formal daily requirement, typical supplemental doses range from 3 to 10 mg, with most diets supplying smaller amounts from fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Some small studies suggest a few milligrams daily may modestly support free testosterone and reduce certain inflammatory markers, though the effect is gentle. Boron is generally well tolerated within recommended amounts, with very high doses best avoided.","categories":["Bone Health","Men's Health","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"potassium","name":"Potassium","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Potassium is the most abundant intracellular cation in the human body and an essential mineral for maintaining the cellular membrane potential that powers every nerve impulse and muscle contraction. It also regulates fluid balance, supports cardiovascular function, and counteracts dietary sodium's effects on blood pressure. Most adults are chronically under-consuming \u2014 fewer than 3% of US adults meet the 4,700 mg/day target. Inadequate intake is a major contributor to hypertension, stroke risk, kidney stones, and muscle cramping.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Hydration"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"spirulina","name":"Spirulina","latinName":"Arthrospira platensis","shortDescription":"Spirulina is a blue-green algae celebrated as a nutrient-dense superfood, packed with protein, B vitamins, iron, and antioxidant pigments like phycocyanin. It is used to support general nutrition, antioxidant defense, healthy cholesterol, and a balanced immune and allergic response. Available as a powder or tablets, it has a strong taste that blends into smoothies. Quality and sourcing are important, since poorly produced spirulina can be contaminated with toxins or heavy metals, so third-party-tested products are best. Typical intakes range from about 1 to 5 grams per day, and people with PKU or autoimmune conditions should check with a doctor.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"black-pepper-extract","name":"Black Pepper Extract","latinName":"Piper nigrum","shortDescription":"Black pepper extract is derived from Piper nigrum and contains piperine \u2014 the alkaloid responsible for black pepper's pungent taste and its remarkable ability to enhance the bioavailability of other compounds. Piperine inhibits intestinal and hepatic enzymes (CYP3A4, UGT) and increases intestinal absorption of co-administered nutrients, often dramatically. The most-cited example: piperine increases curcumin bioavailability by approximately 2,000% (20-fold). Used in supplements at 5-20 mg per dose alongside curcumin, resveratrol, CoQ10, and other poorly-absorbed compounds. BioPerine\u00ae (Sabinsa) is the most-studied branded form with the documented bioavailability research. Generic black pepper extracts (standardized to \u226595% piperine) provide similar mechanism at lower cost. The honest framing: a near-universal absorption enhancer with strong mechanistic and clinical evidence; the piperine standardization matters more than which specific brand. Generic high-piperine extracts work; the BioPerine\u00ae premium is justified primarily by quality assurance rather than dramatically different bioavailability outcomes.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"dandelion-root","name":"Dandelion Root","latinName":"Taraxacum officinale","shortDescription":"Dandelion root is a traditional herb used to support liver and digestive health and as a gentle diuretic, while dandelion leaf is used more specifically to encourage healthy fluid balance. The root supports bile flow and digestion and supplies prebiotic inulin fiber, and the roasted root is also enjoyed as a caffeine-free coffee substitute. Both root and leaf are nutrient-rich and edible. Dandelion is generally very safe and well tolerated, though, as a diuretic and bile stimulant, people with gallbladder problems, those on diuretics, or those taking certain medications should check with a doctor; those allergic to ragweed-family plants may react.","categories":["Antioxidant","Liver Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"moringa","name":"Moringa","latinName":"Moringa oleifera","shortDescription":"Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a fast-growing tree whose leaves are dried into a nutrient-dense green powder rich in vitamins A and C, calcium, iron, protein, and antioxidants. It is used as a whole-food nutritional boost and is studied for supporting healthy blood sugar, cholesterol, and inflammation. Commonly added to smoothies and foods at about 1 to 2 teaspoons per day, moringa leaf is generally very safe and well tolerated. The root and root bark, however, contain compounds that should be avoided, especially during pregnancy. Because it may lower blood sugar and blood pressure, those on related medications should monitor their levels.","categories":["Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bromelain","name":"Bromelain","latinName":"Ananas comosus","shortDescription":"Bromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes extracted from pineapple stems, used in two main ways depending on timing. Taken with meals, it aids protein digestion; taken between meals on an empty stomach, it is absorbed and studied for easing swelling, bruising, and inflammation (for example after injury or surgery) and for sinus comfort, often paired with quercetin. It is generally well tolerated, though it can have a mild blood-thinning effect and may increase the activity of certain antibiotics, so those on anticoagulants or other medications should check with a doctor. People allergic to pineapple should avoid it.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Immune Support","Respiratory Health","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"holy-basil","name":"Holy Basil (Tulsi)","latinName":"Ocimum tenuiflorum","shortDescription":"Holy basil (tulsi) is a revered adaptogenic herb in Ayurvedic tradition, used to help the body cope with stress and to support a balanced mood, healthy blood sugar, and general wellbeing. Its compounds are thought to help regulate cortisol and the stress response, making it popular for tension, mental fatigue, and resilience to daily demands. Often enjoyed as tulsi tea or taken as a 300 to 600 mg standardized extract, its effects build gradually over several weeks. Holy basil may modestly lower blood sugar, so those on diabetes medication should monitor, and because some data suggests effects on fertility, those pregnant or trying to conceive may prefer to avoid it.","categories":["Cognitive","Metabolic Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"suntheanine","name":"Suntheanine\u00ae","latinName":"Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"Suntheanine\u00ae is a patented, 100% pure L-isomer theanine produced via an enzymatic process that mimics biosynthesis in green tea leaves \u2014 yielding a purity level impossible to achieve through standard tea extraction. With over 40 human clinical trials, it is the most researched form of L-theanine, specifically validated for promoting relaxed alertness, alpha brainwave induction, and caffeine synergy.","categories":["Cognitive","Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"mitoburn","name":"MitoBurn\u00ae (L-BAIBA)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MitoBurn\u00ae is NNB Nutrition's patented stabilized form of L-\u03b2-aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA) \u2014 a myokine naturally produced by skeletal muscle during exercise via PGC-1\u03b1 activation. Known as an 'exercise factor,' L-BAIBA has been shown in mouse and cell studies \u2014 plus human observational correlations \u2014 to signal fat metabolism, glucose handling, and thermogenic 'browning' of fat tissue. In humans, the only demonstrated outcome to date is oral absorption (plasma L-BAIBA rises after dosing); fat loss and metabolic benefits have not yet been shown in human trials. It achieved self-affirmed GRAS status in 2025.","categories":["Weight Management","Athletic Performance","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"glucovantage","name":"GlucoVantage\u00ae (Dihydroberberine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GlucoVantage\u00ae is NNB Nutrition's patented dihydroberberine (DHB) \u2014 the active reduced metabolite of berberine with approximately 5x greater oral bioavailability. By bypassing the intestinal conversion step that limits standard berberine absorption, GlucoVantage delivers superior blood sugar regulation, insulin sensitivity improvement, and metabolic benefits at just 100\u2013200 mg/day vs. 500\u20131,500 mg/day for generic berberine.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management","Gut Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"caloriburn","name":"CaloriBurn GP\u00ae (Grains of Paradise)","latinName":"Aframomum melegueta","shortDescription":"CaloriBurn GP\u00ae is NNB Nutrition's premium grains of paradise extract standardized for all three clinically active compounds \u2014 6-paradol, 6-shogaol, and 6-gingerol \u2014 unlike competing extracts that standardize only for 6-paradol. This complete-spectrum approach activates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, increases energy expenditure, and improves body composition at a remarkably low 40 mg clinical dose.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"salidropure","name":"SalidroPure\u2122 (Pure Salidroside)","latinName":"Rhodiola crenulata","shortDescription":"SalidroPure\u2122 is NNB Nutrition's precision-fermented pure salidroside \u2014 the primary bioactive compound in Rhodiola responsible for its adaptogenic, neuroprotective, and anti-fatigue effects. Produced via fermentation because Rhodiola crenulata was added to the cites endangered species list in 2023, SalidroPure delivers the active compound at concentrated, consistent doses impossible to achieve with whole herb extraction.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"serezin","name":"Serezin\u2122","latinName":"Boswellia serrata / Zingiber officinale","shortDescription":"Serezin\u2122 is PLT Health Solutions' patented blend of Boswellia serrata and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts \u2014 developed specifically to address the sleep-pain connection. Clinically validated in a 4-week RDBPC trial in 60 adults aged 50\u201370, it reduces nighttime aches and pains, improves sleep quality, and enhances morning alertness through a mechanism distinct from sedative sleep aids.","categories":["Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"strengthera","name":"Strengthera\u2122","latinName":"Sphaeranthus indicus / Mangifera indica","shortDescription":"Strengthera\u2122 Muscle Maintenance+Vitality is PLT Health Solutions' botanical blend of Sphaeranthus indicus flower head and Mangifera indica stem bark extracts \u2014 clinically validated for improving muscle strength, endurance, and physical function specifically in adults aged 55+. The same botanical combination as PLT's RipFACTOR, but studied and positioned for the healthy aging and sarcopenia prevention market.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"senactiv","name":"Senactiv\u00ae","latinName":"Panax notoginseng / Rosa roxburghii","shortDescription":"Senactiv\u00ae (formerly ActiGin\u00ae) is NuLiv Science's patented senolytic sportsceutical \u2014 a highly purified blend of Panax notoginseng and Rosa roxburghii extracts validated in 4 human clinical trials. It improves athletic performance through a novel triple mechanism: increasing mitochondrial energy production (47% more citrate synthase), accelerating glycogen resynthesis (370% faster), and clearing senescent muscle cells to allow new cell regeneration.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"l-carnitine","name":"L-Carnitine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Carnitine is a naturally-occurring amino acid derivative essential for fatty acid metabolism \u2014 specifically, transporting long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria where they're oxidized for energy. Synthesized endogenously from lysine and methionine and obtained from animal foods (red meat is the richest dietary source). Multiple forms exist for different applications: L-carnitine (general), acetyl-L-carnitine (brain-targeted), propionyl-L-carnitine (cardiovascular-targeted), and L-carnitine L-tartrate (athletic recovery). Clinical evidence points to cardiovascular support (studied in heart patients), athletic recovery, male-fertility parameters, and modest cognitive-aging support. Effective doses typically range 1-3 g/day. Carnipure\u00ae (Lonza, Switzerland) is the most-studied branded form. The honest framing: well-evidenced for specific cardiovascular and athletic applications; not a useful weight loss supplement despite marketing claims; the different forms target genuinely different applications, not interchangeable.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular","Men's Health","Fertility"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bacopa-monnieri","name":"Bacopa Monnieri","latinName":"Bacopa monnieri","shortDescription":"Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) is a cornerstone herb in Ayurvedic medicine with over 3,000 years of use for cognitive enhancement and memory. Its active bacosides have become one of the most extensively clinically validated nootropic ingredients, with consistent evidence across multiple RCTs for improving memory consolidation, learning rate, and cognitive processing speed \u2014 particularly with long-term use of 8\u201312 weeks.","categories":["Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"teacrine","name":"TeaCrine\u00ae (Theacrine)","latinName":"Camellia kucha","shortDescription":"TeaCrine\u00ae is Compound Solutions' patented theacrine \u2014 a purine alkaloid (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) structurally related to caffeine but with distinct pharmacology: a much longer half-life (~26 hours vs caffeine's ~6 hours) and dual action on both adenosinergic (energy/alertness) and dopaminergic (motivation/mood) pathways. Clinical research supports sustained energy, focus, and mood benefits without tolerance buildup over 8 weeks of daily use \u2014 distinguishing it from caffeine's known tachyphylaxis pattern.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"setria-glutathione","name":"Setria\u00ae Glutathione","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Setria\u00ae is Kyowa Hakko's patented reduced L-glutathione (GSH) produced via fermentation \u2014 the only commercially available oral glutathione with robust human clinical evidence for meaningfully raising blood and tissue glutathione levels. As the body's master antioxidant, glutathione plays central roles in detoxification, immune function, cellular protection, and skin health.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"pqq","name":"PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a redox-active coenzyme and potent antioxidant naturally present in human breast milk, soil bacteria, and trace amounts in foods. It is uniquely capable of stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis \u2014 the growth of new mitochondria \u2014 making it one of the most studied ingredients for cellular energy, cognitive function, and longevity. Most often combined with CoQ10 for synergistic mitochondrial support.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"nitrosigine","name":"Nitrosigine\u00ae (Arginine Silicate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Nitrosigine\u00ae (Nutrition 21) is a patented, inositol-stabilized arginine silicate complex engineered to overcome the poor bioavailability of standard L-arginine. In manufacturer-funded studies it raises and sustains plasma arginine and nitric oxide for up to about 6 hours, longer than standard L-arginine. It is a popular pre-workout \"pump\" ingredient, though most of its clinical evidence comes from small, industry-funded trials.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"copper","name":"Copper","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Copper is an essential trace mineral and cofactor for over 30 enzymatic reactions, including those governing energy production, iron metabolism, antioxidant defense, collagen synthesis, and neurotransmitter production. While rarely deficient in well-nourished adults, copper is critically important to supplement alongside high-dose zinc, as zinc competes with copper for absorption and chronic zinc supplementation can induce copper deficiency.","categories":["Bone Health","Antioxidant","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"choline","name":"Choline","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Choline is an essential nutrient and precursor to acetylcholine (the primary learning and memory neurotransmitter) and phosphatidylcholine (a critical membrane component). Over 90% of Americans fall short of the Adequate Intake for choline. Unlike Phosphatidylcholine or Alpha-GPC in this database, free choline (as bitartrate or VitaCholine\u00ae) is the foundational form most relevant to general metabolic health, liver function, pregnancy, and infant brain development.","categories":["Cognitive","Metabolic Health","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"acai-berry","name":"Acai Berry","latinName":"Euterpe oleracea","shortDescription":"Acai is an Amazonian palm berry rich in anthocyanin antioxidants and healthy fats, used as an antioxidant superfood for general wellness, skin, and energy. It is popular in smoothie bowls and antioxidant supplements and is valued for its deep purple, antioxidant-rich pigments. Despite heavy marketing, there is no good evidence that acai causes weight loss, so it is best enjoyed as a nutritious food rather than a diet aid, and exaggerated cleanse products are worth avoiding. Acai is generally very safe; there is no established therapeutic dose, and it is typically used in smoothie-sized food portions or as a powder or capsule.","categories":["Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"chlorella","name":"Chlorella","latinName":"Chlorella vulgaris / Chlorella pyrenoidosa","shortDescription":"Chlorella is a single-celled freshwater green algae rich in chlorophyll, complete protein (~60% by weight), B vitamins, iron, and Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF). Cracked/broken cell wall preparation is required for bioavailability. Important honesty correction: the popular 'heavy metal detox' claim is much weaker than commonly portrayed, based primarily on industry-funded mouse studies and one open-label, non-placebo-controlled human trial. No rigorous placebo-controlled human RCTs demonstrate clinically meaningful heavy metal reduction. Stronger evidence exists for NAFLD/MASLD support and modest effects on lipid/glucose markers in metabolic syndrome. Chlorella is a legitimate whole-food protein and micronutrient source; its 'detox' positioning is largely marketing.","categories":["Antioxidant","Metabolic Health","Immune Support","Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"nicotinamide-riboside","name":"Nicotinamide Riboside","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) is a vitamin B3 derivative that serves as a precursor to NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), the central coenzyme in cellular energy metabolism. NAD+ levels decline with aging \u2014 by age 50, NAD+ levels are roughly half of youthful levels \u2014 and this decline is associated with reduced mitochondrial function, sirtuin activity, and DNA repair capacity. NR supplementation efficiently raises blood NAD+ levels in clinical trials (typically 40-50% increase at standard doses). Most published clinical evidence uses Niagen\u00ae from ChromaDex \u2014 essentially the only commercially viable branded NR form with manufacturing capability at scale. Competing NAD+ precursor NMN exists but is in regulatory limbo in the US. The honest framing: well-evidenced blood NAD+ elevation in humans; longevity claims rest more on mechanism than long-term clinical trials in healthy adults; expensive supplementation with uncertain real-world health span benefits at current evidence levels.","categories":["Energy","Metabolic Health","Cognitive","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"capsaicin-capsicum","name":"Capsaicin / Capsicum Extract (Cayenne Pepper)","latinName":"Capsicum annuum","shortDescription":"Capsicum extract (cayenne pepper, red chili pepper) and its primary bioactive capsaicin are among the most-studied thermogenic ingredients in weight management. Capsaicinoids activate the TRPV1 (vanilloid receptor 1) ion channel \u2014 the same neural detector responsible for the 'burn' sensation. Beyond the sensory effect, TRPV1 activation triggers sympathetic responses including thermogenesis, fat oxidation, and modest energy expenditure elevation. The oral human evidence points to only modest weight and appetite effects, but standard capsaicin supplementation is limited by gastric burning at effective doses \u2014 which is why enhanced-delivery branded forms (Capsimax beadlets, Capsifen FenuMat) exist.","categories":["Weight Management","Athletic Performance","Metabolic Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"sulforaphane","name":"Sulforaphane / Glucoraphanin","latinName":"Brassica oleracea var. italica","shortDescription":"Sulforaphane is one of the most potent natural NRF2 activators discovered \u2014 a sulfur-containing compound formed when glucoraphanin (the precursor found in cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli sprouts) is hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase. NRF2 activation triggers the body's master antioxidant response, upregulating glutathione, NQO1, HO-1, and dozens of other detoxification and antioxidant enzymes for 24+ hours per dose. Clinical evidence supports applications in cardiovascular health, autism behavioral support, schizophrenia adjunct, type 2 diabetes biomarkers, and emerging cancer prevention research. Broccoli sprouts naturally contain 10-100x more glucoraphanin than mature broccoli. Effective doses: 10-40 mg sulforaphane equivalent or 60-150 mg glucoraphanin with active myrosinase. Truebroc\u00ae (Brassica Protection Products) is the most-studied standardized broccoli seed extract. The honest framing: well-evidenced NRF2 activator with multiple legitimate clinical applications; stability is a real challenge (sulforaphane degrades rapidly); products need to provide either stabilized sulforaphane OR glucoraphanin with active myrosinase for in-vivo conversion.","categories":["Antioxidant","Metabolic Health","Detox & Cleanse","Prostate Health","Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"saffron-extract","name":"Saffron Extract (Crocus sativus)","latinName":"Crocus sativus","shortDescription":"Saffron is the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus - the most expensive spice in the world by weight (~150 flowers per gram). Used in Persian, Mediterranean, and Iranian medicine for over 3,000 years for mood, cognition, menstrual issues, and digestion. Strongest clinical evidence: mood support - multiple double-blind RCTs have compared standardized saffron head-to-head with antidepressant medications, with saffron showing a cleaner side-effect profile in those trials. Other areas studied in trials: premenstrual and postmenopausal mood, early-AMD eye health, and snacking-related weight management. Active compounds: crocins, crocetin, picrocrocin, safranal. This entry covers generic standardized saffron extracts; see separate entries for branded forms - Affron\u00ae (mood/Pharmactive), AffronEYE\u00ae (eye), Csat+\u00ae (satiety), and others.","categories":["Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety","Cognitive","Eye Health","Sleep Health","Women's Health","Weight Management","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"tart-cherry-extract","name":"Tart Cherry Extract","latinName":"Prunus cerasus","shortDescription":"Tart Cherry Extract (Prunus cerasus) is concentrated from Montmorency or Balaton tart cherry varieties \u2014 rich in anthocyanins, flavonoids, and naturally-occurring melatonin. Clinical evidence supports three main applications: post-exercise muscle recovery and reduced soreness in athletes, sleep quality improvement (likely via the natural melatonin content), and modest uric acid reduction relevant to gout management. The anthocyanin profile (cyanidin-3-glucoside dominant) provides anti-inflammatory effects through COX-1, COX-2, and prostaglandin pathway modulation. Available as concentrate, capsules, or powder; effective doses range 480-1,000 mg/day extract or 8-12 oz tart cherry juice daily. Restoridyn\u00ae (Anthocyte Inc.) is a clinically-validated branded form for exercise recovery applications. The honest framing: well-evidenced for specific athletic recovery and sleep applications; not a general health supplement; effect sizes are modest but reproducible across multiple independent trials.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance","Sleep Health","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"spearmint-extract","name":"Spearmint Extract","latinName":"Mentha spicata","shortDescription":"Spearmint (Mentha spicata) is a traditional culinary and medicinal herb with concentrated extracts providing rosmarinic acid, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds. While generic spearmint has folk-medicine use for digestion and gastrointestinal applications, modern research has identified two specific clinical applications with substantial evidence: (1) cognitive function support in older adults (memory, focus, reasoning) and (2) PCOS-related hirsutism reduction through anti-androgen effects. Effective doses range 250-900 mg/day standardized extract. Neumentix\u00ae (Kemin) is the most clinically researched form with documented cognitive function trial evidence. Spearmint tea (used in PCOS trials) provides modest doses. The honest framing: well-evidenced for the specific cognitive and hormonal applications; not a general health supplement; quality of extract and standardization significantly affects clinical outcomes for the cognitive application.","categories":["Cognitive","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pantethine","name":"Pantethine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Pantethine is the biologically active form of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) \u2014 specifically, two pantothenic acid molecules joined by cysteamine and a disulfide bridge. It serves as a direct precursor to coenzyme A (CoA), the central metabolic cofactor involved in fatty acid synthesis, ketogenesis, and energy metabolism. Unlike standard pantothenic acid (which requires multiple enzymatic conversions), pantethine bypasses several conversion steps and is more efficiently used for CoA synthesis. The primary clinical application is hyperlipidemia management \u2014 multiple trials show 600-900 mg/day pantethine reduces total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides modestly. Effects build over 4-9 months of consistent use. Less validated applications include adrenal support, allergy modulation, and skin health. Pantesin\u00ae (Daiichi Fine Chemical) is the most-studied branded form. The honest framing: well-evidenced for modest lipid improvements; effects are smaller than statins but useful as natural adjunct or for those unable to tolerate statins; the disulfide bridge structure is what distinguishes it from regular pantothenic acid for these specific applications.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"pomegranate-extract","name":"Pomegranate Extract","latinName":"Punica granatum","shortDescription":"Pomegranate Extract is concentrated from Punica granatum fruit (juice and peel) and rich in punicalagin, a unique large polyphenol found almost exclusively in pomegranate that's converted by gut bacteria into urolithins (especially urolithin A). The polyphenol profile also includes ellagic acid, anthocyanins, and various other flavonoids. Clinical evidence most strongly supports a modest blood-pressure reduction, with additional research on endothelial function and emerging evidence for cognitive aging support; prostate and other outcomes remain unproven in controlled trials. Effective doses range 500-1,500 mg/day standardized extract. Pomella\u00ae (Verdure Sciences) is the most-studied branded form standardized to \u226530% punicalagin. The honest framing: well-evidenced cardiovascular adjunct with multi-pathway mechanisms; the punicalagin to urolithin gut bacteria conversion varies between individuals (only ~30-40% are 'high producers'); supports cardiovascular health for most users but with individual variation in response.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Athletic Performance","Men's Health","Prostate Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"phosphatidic-acid","name":"Phosphatidic Acid (Mediator\u00ae)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a phospholipid and the most potent known natural activator of mTORC1 \u2014 the master regulator of muscle protein synthesis. Mediator\u00ae (Chemi Nutra/Lipoid) is a soy-derived phosphatidic acid supplement clinically validated for increasing lean body mass, strength, and muscle hypertrophy through direct mTOR pathway stimulation, making it one of the very few non-hormonal supplements with a clearly established anabolic mechanism at the cellular level.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"tinospora-cordifolia","name":"Tinospora Cordifolia (Tinofend\u00ae)","latinName":"Tinospora cordifolia","shortDescription":"Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi or Giloy) is a climbing shrub central to Ayurvedic medicine for over 3,000 years, revered as 'Amrita' (divine nectar) for its purported immune-enhancing, anti-allergic, and adaptogenic properties. Tinofend\u00ae (Verdure Sciences) is a standardized aqueous extract validated in a pivotal human RCT showing significant reduction in allergic rhinitis symptoms \u2014 making it one of the very few Ayurvedic herbs with Western RCT validation for a specific clinical indication.","categories":["Immune Support","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"terminalia-arjuna","name":"Terminalia Arjuna (Oxyjun\u00ae)","latinName":"Terminalia arjuna","shortDescription":"Terminalia arjuna is a large deciduous tree native to India whose bark has been used in Ayurvedic cardiology for over 3,000 years \u2014 described in the Ashtanga Hridayam as the premier cardiac tonic. Modern research validates its traditional use: arjuna bark extract significantly improves cardiorespiratory endurance, reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress, lowers blood pressure, and improves heart failure symptoms. Oxyjun\u00ae (OmniActive Health Technologies) is the first standardized arjuna extract with human RCT data specifically for exercise performance.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"olive-leaf-extract","name":"Olive Leaf Extract","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Olive leaf extract is derived from Olea europaea leaves and contains oleuropein, the bitter polyphenol responsible for many of the cardiovascular benefits associated with the Mediterranean diet. Oleuropein concentrations are 30-40x higher in leaves than in olive oil itself. A meta-analysis of randomized trials found 1,000 mg/day reduced systolic blood pressure by roughly 11 mmHg and diastolic by 5 mmHg in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive adults, meaningful effect sizes comparable to mild antihypertensive medication. Effects on cholesterol and other lipid markers are less consistent (a well-designed RCT in overweight adults at 500 mg/day showed no significant lipid effects). EFSA recognizes olive polyphenols (5 mg hydroxytyrosol/day) for protection of blood lipids from oxidative stress, though hydroxytyrosol is more concentrated in olive fruit extracts than leaf extracts. The honest framing: meaningful blood pressure evidence at higher doses (1,000 mg/day); evidence for cholesterol, blood sugar, and antiviral applications is more variable. Branded standardized extracts (Witholytin\u00ae, EFLA\u00ae943) have stronger trial-grade evidence than generic preparations.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"witholytin","name":"Witholytin\u00ae (Ashwagandha Root Extract \u2014 Verdure Sciences)","latinName":"Withania somnifera","shortDescription":"Witholytin\u00ae is Verdure Sciences' branded standardized ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract, standardized by HPLC to total withanolides (and withanosides) using USP methodology and carrying USP Dietary Ingredient Verified, Non-GMO Project Verified, and Alkemist Assured certifications. Like other ashwagandha extracts it is positioned as an adaptogen for the body's stress response, everyday fatigue, and low energy. Its dedicated evidence is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in overweight adults with elevated stress and fatigue: fatigue fell significantly versus placebo and heart-rate variability rose, with increases in free testosterone and luteinizing hormone in men. Honest framing \u2014 the perceived-stress endpoint improved within the group but did not separate from placebo, so the strongest Witholytin\u00ae-specific signal is for fatigue and vitality rather than stress itself. For the broader Withania somnifera evidence base on stress, anxiety, mood, sleep, and testosterone, see the generic Ashwagandha entry.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"boswellia-serrata","name":"Boswellia Serrata","latinName":"Boswellia serrata","shortDescription":"Boswellia Serrata is a resin extract from the boswellia tree (Indian frankincense) used in Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years for inflammatory conditions, particularly joint pain. The active compounds are boswellic acids \u2014 pentacyclic triterpenoids that selectively inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), reducing leukotriene-mediated inflammation through a different pathway than NSAIDs (which inhibit COX). The most potent boswellic acid is AKBA (3-O-acetyl-11-keto-\u03b2-boswellic acid). Standardization to AKBA content matters significantly \u2014 generic boswellia extracts vary from 3% to 30%+ AKBA. Clinical evidence supports use in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis) at 300-1,200 mg/day. WokVel\u00ae (Pharmanza) and Apr\u00e8sFlex\u00ae/Aflapin\u00ae (Laila Nutraceuticals) are well-studied branded forms with documented AKBA standardization. The honest framing: well-evidenced anti-inflammatory through a non-NSAID mechanism; effect sizes meaningful but modest; AKBA standardization matters more than which specific brand for therapeutic effects.","categories":["Respiratory Health","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"natural-eggshell-membrane","name":"Eggshell Membrane","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Eggshell membrane is the thin translucent layer between the egg white and shell \u2014 a naturally-occurring matrix of joint-supporting compounds including collagen (Types I, V, X), elastin, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and small amounts of glucosamine. Unlike isolated joint supplements that provide single compounds at high doses, eggshell membrane delivers a complete matrix of structural and signaling molecules at just 500 mg/day. Clinical trials show meaningful pain reduction within 7-10 days \u2014 substantially faster than glucosamine and chondroitin (which require 8-12 weeks for effect). An RCT showed 500 mg/day produced significant joint pain and stiffness reduction within the first 10-60 days. Postmenopausal exercise-induced joint pain trials show similar benefits. Branded standardized extracts (NEM\u00ae from ESM Technologies, BiovaFlex\u00ae from Biova) have the strongest trial evidence \u2014 generic eggshell membrane preparations vary widely in quality and processing. The honest framing: faster-acting and lower-dose than traditional G+C combos; evidence base is smaller (fewer trials, smaller sample sizes) but consistently positive in published research.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"nem-natural-eggshell-membrane","name":"NEM\u00ae (Natural Eggshell Membrane \u2014 ESM Technologies)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"NEM\u00ae is the branded standardized natural eggshell membrane developed by ESM Technologies (now Stratum Nutrition) \u2014 the most clinically researched eggshell membrane product on the market. The proprietary processing preserves the naturally-occurring matrix of collagen (Types I, V, X), elastin, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, glucosamine, and transforming growth factor-\u03b2 from chicken eggshell membrane. Distinguished from generic eggshell membrane preparations by reproducible standardization and dedicated clinical trial evidence. The foundational RCT used NEM\u00ae at 500 mg/day and demonstrated significant joint pain and stiffness reduction within days \u2014 establishing the rapid-onset positioning that distinguishes eggshell membrane from glucosamine and chondroitin. Subsequent trials in osteoarthritis, postmenopausal exercise-induced joint pain, and active adults consistently replicated the benefits. The honest framing: NEM\u00ae has the strongest trial-grade evidence in the eggshell membrane category; cost premium over generic eggshell membrane is justified by manufacturing consistency and validated clinical outcomes.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"aquamin","name":"Aquamin\u00ae (Marine Minerals)","latinName":"Lithothamnion calcareum","shortDescription":"Aquamin\u00ae (Marigot Ltd.) is a unique multi-mineral complex harvested from the red marine algae Lithothamnion calcareum off the Irish and Icelandic coasts. Unlike synthetic calcium carbonate or isolated mineral supplements, Aquamin\u00ae provides calcium plus magnesium and roughly 72 additional trace minerals in a natural honeycomb crystalline structure. It is marketed for bone, joint, and digestive support; note that Aquamin-specific human evidence comes mainly from small pilot trials and in vitro work rather than outcome studies showing it outperforms conventional calcium.","categories":["Bone Health","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"terminalia-chebula","name":"Terminalia Chebula (Rejuna\u00ae)","latinName":"Terminalia chebula","shortDescription":"Terminalia chebula (Haritaki, Black myrobalan) is the most revered herb in Tibetan and Ayurvedic medicine \u2014 called the 'King of Herbs' in Tibetan tradition and described as the medicine that 'heals all diseases.' Its fruit is exceptionally rich in hydrolyzable tannins (chebulic acid, chebulinic acid, corilagin) and gallic acid with documented antioxidant, anti-aging, digestive, cardiovascular, and anti-glycation effects. Rejuna\u00ae (Verdure Sciences) is a standardized Terminalia chebula extract positioned specifically for healthy aging and longevity applications.","categories":["Antioxidant","Metabolic Health","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"alpinia-galanga","name":"Alpinia galanga (Greater Galangal)","latinName":"Alpinia galanga","shortDescription":"Alpinia galanga (greater galangal) is a tropical rhizome in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), native to South and Southeast Asia and widely used in Thai, Indonesian, Malay, and traditional Ayurvedic cuisines and medicines. Distinct from the more familiar common ginger (Zingiber officinale) and lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum), greater galangal has a sharper, more pine-citrus flavor profile and a different phytochemical signature dominated by 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), 1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate, and galangin (a flavonol). Traditional uses span digestion support, respiratory comfort, and as a general adaptogenic tonic. Modern research interest has focused on cognitive support \u2014 Alpinia galanga extracts have shown caffeine-free alertness and attention benefits in human trials. Clinical doses in published research are typically 300 mg/day of standardized extract. Honest framing: greater galangal is a less-studied member of the ginger family with promising but smaller evidence base than ginger or turmeric; most rigorous human trials have used proprietary branded extracts rather than generic rhizome powder.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"metabolaid","name":"Metabolaid\u00ae (Hibiscus + Lemon Verbena)","latinName":"Hibiscus sabdariffa / Lippia citriodora","shortDescription":"Metabolaid\u00ae (Monteloeder/SuanNutra) is a patented combination of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) polyphenols validated in multiple human RCTs for activating AMPK \u2014 the same metabolic master switch targeted by metformin and exercise. Unlike single-herb supplements, Metabolaid's dual-extract synergy activates AMPK more potently than either herb alone, producing clinically meaningful improvements in fat oxidation, appetite regulation, and exercise performance.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Athletic Performance","GLP-1 Support","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"celadrin","name":"Celadrin\u00ae (Cetylated Fatty Acids)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Celadrin\u00ae (STAUBER/Proprietary Nutritionals) is a patented blend of esterified cetylated fatty acids derived from beef tallow, clinically validated for reducing joint pain, improving mobility, and restoring synovial fluid viscosity in osteoarthritis patients. Available in both oral and topical forms, Celadrin\u00ae has demonstrated rapid onset of joint pain relief \u2014 with topical application showing effects within 30 minutes \u2014 through a mechanism involving membrane fluidity restoration and inflammatory mediator reduction in joint tissue.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"slendesta","name":"Slendesta\u00ae (Potato Protein Extract)","latinName":"Solanum tuberosum","shortDescription":"Slendesta\u00ae (Kemin Industries) is a standardized extract of protease inhibitor II (PI2) from potato (Solanum tuberosum) \u2014 a naturally occurring appetite-suppressing protein that stimulates cholecystokinin (CCK) release, the primary gut satiety hormone. Slendesta\u00ae has been studied for reducing hunger and appetite through a physiological satiety mechanism (CCK release), without stimulants or hormones. The human evidence is on satiety and appetite, which are surrogate measures; a controlled weight-loss or BMI advantage over placebo has not been demonstrated.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"pycnogenol","name":"Pycnogenol\u00ae (French Maritime Pine Bark)","latinName":"Pinus pinaster","shortDescription":"Pycnogenol\u00ae (Horphag Research) is a standardized extract from the bark of French maritime pine trees grown along the Landes coast of southwest France. It has been the subject of a large body of clinical research over 40+ years, spanning cardiovascular, cognitive, skin, metabolic, and women's health applications, through its oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC) complex. However, a 2020 Cochrane review concluded that, despite the number of trials, the evidence remains insufficient and at high risk of bias to support claims for any specific chronic condition.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Antioxidant","Athletic Performance","Menopause Support","Hair, Skin & Nails","Men's Health","Women's Health","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"shilajit","name":"Shilajit","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Shilajit is a mineral-rich resinous exudate formed over millennia from the decomposition of plant matter compressed between Himalayan, Altai, and Caucasian mountain rocks. Its primary bioactives are fulvic acid (\u226550% in purified extracts) and dibenzo-\u03b1-pyrones (DBPs). Used in Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years as a rejuvenating rasayana, modern clinical evidence is meaningful but limited: the strongest finding is that purified shilajit at 500 mg/day increased total testosterone roughly 20% over 90 days in healthy men aged 45-55. Other research suggests mitochondrial energy support, CoQ10 potentiation, and mineral absorption benefits. Critical practical issue: raw unprocessed shilajit can contain heavy metals (lead, arsenic, mercury), free radicals, and mycotoxins from its geological source \u2014 purification quality determines safety. The honest framing: real but modest evidence for testosterone in middle-aged men; most other claims rest on traditional use, animal studies, or small unreplicated trials. Most positive human trials used the branded PrimaVie\u00ae form, funded partially by the manufacturer \u2014 meaningful but not independent confirmation. Choose third-party tested products with documented fulvic acid content and heavy metal certificates of analysis (COAs).","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Men's Health","Fertility","Testosterone","Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"primavie-shilajit","name":"PrimaVie\u00ae (Shilajit Extract \u2014 Natreon)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PrimaVie\u00ae is the patented purified shilajit extract from Natreon Inc. \u2014 the most clinically-researched standardized shilajit product, with documented composition and heavy metal safety testing. Standardized to \u226560% total bioactives (\u226550% fulvic acid, \u22650.3% dibenzo-\u03b1-pyrones, \u226510% dibenzo-\u03b1-pyrone chromoproteins). Has FDA Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status and is vegetarian, kosher, and halal certified. A foundational RCT used PrimaVie\u00ae at 500 mg/day in middle-aged men and demonstrated significant testosterone increases. Subsequent trials in muscle strength, mitochondrial function, and exercise performance have replicated benefits using the same standardized product. The honest framing: PrimaVie\u00ae is the branded form the published evidence validates, with the strongest case for testosterone support in middle-aged men. The patented purification process specifically addresses heavy metal contamination \u2014 a meaningful advantage over generic shilajit where contamination is a real safety concern. Caveat: most PrimaVie\u00ae trials are partially manufacturer-funded; effects are modest but reproducibly demonstrated in the specific populations studied.","categories":["Energy","Men's Health","Fertility","Testosterone","Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"tongkat-ali","name":"Tongkat Ali","latinName":"Eurycoma longifolia","shortDescription":"Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) is a traditional Malaysian and Indonesian herbal medicine used for male vitality, energy, and stress resilience. The active compounds include quassinoids (most notably eurycomanone), eurypeptides, and various phytochemicals. Modern clinical evidence supports applications in testosterone support in men with low or borderline-low testosterone, stress and cortisol modulation, muscle strength and exercise recovery, and male fertility support. Effective doses range 100-400 mg/day standardized root extract. Quality matters significantly, since the active eurycomanone content varies dramatically between commercial products, and authentic tongkat ali requires substantial root material to produce concentrated extracts. LJ100\u00ae (HP Ingredients) and Physta\u00ae (Biotropics Malaysia) are the two most-studied branded forms. The honest framing: well-evidenced for testosterone and stress applications in appropriately selected populations; effect sizes are modest but consistent; quality of extract is the dominant factor in clinical outcomes, and generic tongkat ali from unverified sources may provide minimal effect.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Libido Support","Stress & Anxiety","Men's Health","Fertility","Testosterone","Mood & Mental Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"uc-ii-collagen","name":"Undenatured Type II Collagen","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Undenatured Type II Collagen (sometimes abbreviated UC-2 or native Type II collagen) is a fundamentally different joint supplement from hydrolyzed collagen peptides \u2014 both in mechanism and dose. Where hydrolyzed collagen requires 10,000 mg/day to provide structural building blocks for tissue, undenatured Type II collagen works through immunological oral tolerance at just 40 mg/day. Tiny amounts of native Type II collagen presented to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) train the immune system not to attack joint cartilage, producing anti-inflammatory effects through immune modulation rather than nutritional supplementation. Derived from chicken sternum cartilage, the triple-helix structure must be preserved through gentle low-temperature processing \u2014 denatured (hydrolyzed) preparations lose this activity entirely. Most published clinical evidence uses the patented UC-II\u00ae form from Lonza/InterHealth, which validates the specific manufacturing process. Generic 'undenatured Type II collagen' products exist but vary in processing quality and may not preserve native structure as reliably as the patented form. The honest framing: real evidence for joint pain reduction in osteoarthritis at 40 mg/day; the patented UC-II\u00ae has the strongest validation; generic preparations require trust in unverified processing.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"uc-ii-branded","name":"UC-II\u00ae (Undenatured Type II Collagen \u2014 Lonza)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"UC-II\u00ae is the patented branded form of undenatured Type II collagen developed by InterHealth Nutraceuticals (now Lonza). It's the form used in essentially all published clinical trials of undenatured Type II collagen for joint health, meaning the entire evidence base for this supplement category is built on UC-II\u00ae specifically rather than generic alternatives. The patented low-temperature manufacturing process is what preserves the triple-helix native structure necessary for the oral tolerance mechanism. Standardized to \u226525% native Type II collagen content from chicken sternum, UC-II\u00ae at 40 mg/day shows significant osteoarthritis pain reduction over 90-180 days, with trial data demonstrating roughly 2x better WOMAC improvement than glucosamine + chondroitin combination. The honest framing: UC-II\u00ae is the form the research validates, and the patented manufacturing matters for this specific supplement class; generic 'undenatured Type II collagen' products carry meaningful uncertainty about whether their processing preserves the active structure. For native Type II collagen specifically, the brand premium has stronger justification than for most supplements.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"black-seed-oil","name":"Black Seed Oil","latinName":"Nigella sativa","shortDescription":"Black Seed Oil is extracted from Nigella sativa seeds (also called black cumin, kalonji, or 'the seed of blessing' in traditional Middle Eastern and Islamic medicine where it's been used for over 2,000 years). The primary bioactive is thymoquinone \u2014 a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound responsible for most of black seed's clinical effects. Modern clinical evidence supports applications in metabolic syndrome (blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol), allergic rhinitis and asthma, immune modulation, and modest weight management. Effective doses range 500-2,000 mg/day oil or 1-3 g/day seeds. Quality varies significantly \u2014 cold-pressed oils preserve thymoquinone content; heat-processed or refined oils lose much of the active compound. ThymoQuin\u00ae (TriNutra) is a thymoquinone-standardized branded form. The honest framing: well-evidenced cardiometabolic adjunct with multi-pathway effects; quality matters significantly for thymoquinone content; bitter taste in oil form can be a tolerability barrier.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"palmitoylethanolamide","name":"PEA \u2014 Palmitoylethanolamide","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous fatty acid amide produced naturally in the body \u2014 a member of the N-acylethanolamine family that functions as part of the endocannabinoid-like signaling system. Discovered in the 1950s and developed clinically since the 1970s in Italy where it remains a prescription medical food. PEA has well-documented anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects through PPAR-alpha activation and indirect effects on cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptors. Clinical applications include neuropathic pain (diabetic neuropathy, sciatica, post-shingles), chronic pain conditions, allergic conditions, and cognitive support. Effective doses range 300-1,200 mg/day. Levagen+\u00ae (Gencor) is a clinically-validated branded bioavailable form. The honest framing: well-evidenced for specific pain and inflammatory applications; long European prescription medical food history establishes safety; less well-known in US supplement market despite strong evidence base.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Immune Support","Sleep Health","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ergothioneine","name":"Ergothioneine (ErgoActive\u00ae)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ergothioneine (EGT) is a naturally occurring amino acid and potent antioxidant synthesized exclusively by certain fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes \u2014 humans cannot produce it and must obtain it from diet (primarily mushrooms) or supplementation. Remarkably, the human body has evolved a dedicated transporter (OCTN1) that actively concentrates ergothioneine in tissues under oxidative stress \u2014 suggesting it plays an essential protective role. ErgoActive\u00ae (Blue California) is a fermentation-derived ergothioneine with mounting evidence for its role as a 'longevity vitamin,' with a mechanistic antioxidant rationale; human clinical-outcome evidence for supplementation is not yet established.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cognitive","Energy","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"amla","name":"Amla / Indian Gooseberry (Capros\u00ae)","latinName":"Phyllanthus emblica","shortDescription":"Amla (Indian gooseberry) is one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C and polyphenols on earth \u2014 containing up to 600\u2013700 mg of vitamin C per 100g fruit alongside emblicanin A and B (unique ellagitannins found nowhere else), gallic acid, and quercetin. Capros\u00ae (Natreon Inc.) is a patented, standardized amla extract with human clinical data for cardiovascular protection, blood sugar regulation, and anti-aging via telomere preservation. One of the most important herbs in Ayurvedic medicine, amla is described as a rasayana (rejuvenating tonic) with clinical validation now supporting its traditional reputation.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Longevity","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"coffee-fruit-extract","name":"Coffee Fruit Extract (CoffeeFruit Pure\u2122)","latinName":"Coffea arabica","shortDescription":"Coffee fruit extract (CFE) is derived from the pulp of the coffee cherry \u2014 the red fruit surrounding the coffee bean that is normally discarded during processing. Rich in chlorogenic acids, procyanidins, and unique polyphenols not found in roasted coffee beans, CoffeeFruit Pure\u2122 (Ingredients by Nature) is the whole coffee fruit extract most studied for its reported ability to raise plasma BDNF in a small acute study (plasma BDNF being a peripheral marker whose link to brain BDNF is debated) \u2014 the brain's primary growth factor for neuronal health, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive aging protection.","categories":["Cognitive","Antioxidant","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"andrographis","name":"Andrographis","latinName":"Andrographis paniculata","shortDescription":"Andrographis paniculata is a bitter herb used in traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine ('King of Bitters' or 'Kalmegh') for over 2,000 years. The active compounds are andrographolides \u2014 diterpenoid lactones with anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and antiviral effects. Modern clinical evidence supports andrographis for upper respiratory tract infections (reduces symptom severity and duration), rheumatoid arthritis as adjunct therapy, ulcerative colitis support, and immune system modulation. ParActin\u00ae (HP Ingredients) is a clinically researched branded form with documented anti-inflammatory mechanism specifically. Clinically effective doses range 200-1,200 mg/day standardized to andrographolide content (typically \u226510%). The honest framing: well-evidenced for the respiratory infection application; useful adjunct for rheumatoid arthritis and IBD; the bitter taste can be a tolerability issue for raw or low-quality forms.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health","Liver Health","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zembrin","name":"Zembrin\u00ae (Sceletium tortuosum)","latinName":"Sceletium tortuosum","shortDescription":"Zembrin\u00ae (PLT Health Solutions) is a patented, standardized extract of Sceletium tortuosum \u2014 a South African succulent plant used by the San and Khoikhoi peoples for thousands of years as a mood enhancer, anxiolytic, and empathogen. Its unique alkaloids (mesembrine, mesembrenone, mesembrenol) act through dual serotonin reuptake inhibition and PDE4 inhibition \u2014 a mechanism distinct from any pharmaceutical antidepressant or anxiolytic. Zembrin\u00ae has human RCT data for anxiety reduction and cognitive performance; its calming, non-sedating profile is also traditionally used to support restful sleep.","categories":["Cognitive","Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sage-extract","name":"Sage Extract / Cognivia\u00ae (Salvia officinalis)","latinName":"Salvia officinalis / Salvia rosmarinus","shortDescription":"Sage (Salvia officinalis) has a centuries-long reputation as a memory herb \u2014 its Latin name derives from 'salvare' (to save/heal) and it appears in medieval European herbals specifically for improving memory and cognition. Modern research validates this reputation: sage extract inhibits acetylcholinesterase (the same enzyme targeted by Alzheimer's drugs donepezil and rivastigmine), produces measurable improvements in memory and attention in healthy adults, and may slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients. Cognivia\u00ae (Nexira) is a proprietary blend combining Salvia officinalis (garden sage) polyphenols with Salvia lavandulaefolia (Spanish sage) essential oil monoterpenoids for synergistic cognitive benefits \u2014 clinically studied at 600 mg/day.","categories":["Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"acacia-fiber","name":"Acacia Fiber (inavea\u2122 Pure Acacia)","latinName":"Acacia senegal / Acacia seyal","shortDescription":"Acacia fiber (gum arabic) is a natural soluble dietary fiber harvested from the sap of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees grown in the Sahel region of Africa. inavea\u2122 pure acacia (Nexira) is a premium, organically certified acacia fiber with an exceptionally gentle GI tolerance profile \u2014 producing prebiotic benefits (selectively feeding Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) at doses better tolerated than inulin, FOS, and other rapidly-fermented prebiotics. One of the most tolerable prebiotic fibers available, with mild GI symptoms only at very high doses (~40 g).","categories":["Metabolic Health","Gut Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"d-ribose","name":"D-Ribose (Bioenergy Ribose\u00ae)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"D-ribose is a naturally occurring pentose sugar that serves as the structural backbone of ATP, ADP, AMP, RNA, coenzyme A, NADH, and FADH2 \u2014 making it fundamental to every energy-requiring process in the body. Unlike glucose, which primarily fuels glycolysis, D-ribose specifically regenerates the adenine nucleotide pool (ATP) that is depleted during intense exercise, cardiac ischemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Bioenergy Ribose\u00ae (Bioenergy Life Science) is pharmaceutical-grade D-ribose with clinical evidence for cardiac energy recovery, fibromyalgia fatigue relief, and athletic performance.","categories":["Energy","Cardiovascular","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"nutroxsun","name":"Nutroxsun\u00ae (Rosemary + Grapefruit Skin Protection)","latinName":"Rosmarinus officinalis / Citrus paradisi","shortDescription":"Nutroxsun\u00ae (Monteloeder/SuanNutra) is a patented combination of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) extracts clinically validated for providing internal photoprotection \u2014 reducing UV-induced skin damage, redness, and DNA damage when taken as an oral supplement 1\u20132 hours before sun exposure. As the only oral photoprotection ingredient with human RCT evidence demonstrating measurable SPF-equivalent protection from inside, Nutroxsun\u00ae represents a scientifically distinct category from topical sunscreens.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"arabinoxylan","name":"Arabinoxylan (Arrabina\u00ae)","latinName":"Triticum aestivum","shortDescription":"Arabinoxylan is a hemicellulose fiber derived from the bran layer of wheat (Triticum aestivum) or other cereal grains, consisting of arabinose and xylose sugar units in a branched chain structure. Arrabina\u00ae (Comet Bio) is a sustainably produced arabinoxylan from wheat bran using a patented low-energy extraction process. As a highly fermentable prebiotic fiber with specific immune-modulating properties, arabinoxylan selectively feeds Bifidobacterium and produces butyrate while simultaneously activating innate immune cells \u2014 a dual prebiotic-immunobiotic mechanism making it particularly valuable for gut health and metabolic blood sugar management.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Immune Support","Gut Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"eriocitrin","name":"Eriocitrin / Eriomin\u00ae (Lemon Flavonoid)","latinName":"Citrus limon","shortDescription":"Eriocitrin is the primary flavanone glycoside found in lemon (Citrus limon) peel and juice, accounting for much of lemon's health-promoting polyphenol activity. Eriomin\u00ae (Ingredients by Nature) is a standardized lemon flavonoid complex with human RCT evidence focused on blood sugar regulation and metabolic health \u2014 specifically postprandial glucose, insulin, and related metabolic markers. Uric-acid and cardiovascular effects remain mechanistic and are not established in these trials. Unlike hesperidin (found in oranges), eriocitrin has a distinct metabolic profile with particular strength for blood sugar and inflammatory markers.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"riagev","name":"RiaGev\u00ae (NR + D-Ribose NAD+ Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"RiaGev\u00ae (Bioenergy Life Science) is a patented combination of nicotinamide riboside (NR) and D-ribose \u2014 two compounds that work synergistically to maximize NAD+ biosynthesis efficiency. NR provides the nicotinamide moiety for NAD+ synthesis while D-ribose provides the ribose backbone, with the combination producing greater NAD+ elevation than either component alone and simultaneously replenishing both the NAD+ pool and the ATP pool. This dual energy currency restoration makes RiaGev\u00ae uniquely positioned for conditions involving both NAD+ depletion and ATP insufficiency.","categories":["Energy","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"robuvit","name":"Robuvit\u00ae (French Oak Wood Extract)","latinName":"Quercus robur","shortDescription":"Robuvit\u00ae (Horphag Research) is a standardized extract from the heartwood of French oak (Quercus robur) trees grown in specific French forests, rich in roburins \u2014 unique ellagitannins found almost exclusively in oak wood and wine barrel-aged beverages. Roburins are converted by gut bacteria to urolithins (the same metabolites produced from pomegranate), which are studied for their potential to support mitochondrial function, healthy energy, and exercise capacity through antioxidant and energy-metabolism mechanisms. Human evidence is limited to a small number of studies \u2014 a chronic-fatigue pilot registry, a triathlon performance study, and a post-hysterectomy recovery pilot \u2014 all funded by the manufacturer (Horphag Research) and conducted by a single research group.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"digestive-enzymes","name":"Digestive Enzyme Blends (DigeZyme\u00ae and similar)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Multi-enzyme digestive blends typically combine 4\u20139 enzymes (protease, lipase, amylase, lactase, cellulase, alpha-galactosidase, and others) to support digestion of mixed-macronutrient meals. Branded blends like DigeZyme\u00ae (Sabinsa) have RCT evidence for functional dyspepsia, while broader OTC blends often lack standardized formulations and supporting clinical data. NutraSmarts now includes dedicated pages for individual digestive enzymes: Lactase (lactose), Alpha-Galactosidase (legumes/cruciferous), Pancrelipase (gold-standard pancreatic blend), Protease, Lipase, Amylase, Papain, DPP-IV (gluten/casein peptides), Cellulase (fiber), Phytase (mineral bioavailability), Fructan Hydrolase (FODMAP-targeted), and Betaine HCl/Pepsin (stomach acid support). Different individuals benefit from different specific enzymes \u2014 broad-spectrum blends are convenient but targeted use can be more effective and affordable.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"tendoguard","name":"TendoGuard\u00ae (Tendon Collagen Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"TendoGuard\u00ae (Certified Nutraceuticals) is a proprietary blend of collagen peptides specifically fractionated for tendon and ligament support \u2014 combining type I collagen peptides (the primary structural collagen of tendons), glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid), and mucopolysaccharides derived from chicken collagen. Unlike generic collagen supplements that provide bulk amino acids, TendoGuard\u00ae delivers collagen bioactives at molecular weights shown to preferentially stimulate tenocyte (tendon cell) collagen synthesis, providing targeted connective tissue support for active individuals and athletes.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ektibaflex","name":"EktibaFLEX\u00ae (Echinacea angustifolia Root Extract)","latinName":"Echinacea angustifolia","shortDescription":"EktibaFLEX\u00ae (Unibar) is a patented, highly concentrated Echinacea angustifolia root extract standardized for alkamides \u2014 the lipophilic bioactives responsible for CB2 receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in joint tissue. Unlike Echinacea purpurea (used for immune support), E. angustifolia root alkamides specifically act on cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) expressed in joint synovial cells, chondrocytes, and immune cells \u2014 producing targeted joint anti-inflammatory effects without the psychoactive activity of CB1-targeting cannabinoids. This makes EktibaFLEX\u00ae a unique non-immune-stimulating, joint-specific application of the Echinacea genus.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"guayusa","name":"Guayusa (AMATEA\u00ae Organic Guayusa)","latinName":"Ilex guayusa","shortDescription":"Guayusa (Ilex guayusa) is a caffeinated holly tree native to the upper Amazon basin, traditionally consumed as a morning ritual tea by indigenous Kichwa peoples of Ecuador for centuries. AMATEA\u00ae (Applied Food Sciences) is a certified organic, water-extracted guayusa concentrate delivering a unique combination of caffeine, L-theanine, and chlorogenic acids in naturally occurring ratios. Unlike synthetic caffeine or green tea, guayusa provides a distinctive 'clean energy' experience \u2014 smooth, focused energy without jitteriness \u2014 attributed to its natural L-theanine and polyphenol matrix moderating caffeine's effects.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"garlic","name":"Garlic (Allium sativum)","latinName":"Allium sativum","shortDescription":"Garlic is one of the oldest and most widely used medicinal plants in human history \u2014 documented in Egyptian papyri from 1550 BCE and used across virtually every traditional medicine system. Its primary bioactive, allicin (produced when raw garlic is crushed), along with aged garlic extract (AGE) compounds S-allylcysteine and ajoene, provide potent cardiovascular protection, antimicrobial activity, immune modulation, and cancer-preventive properties validated in hundreds of clinical studies.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ginger","name":"Ginger (Zingiber officinale)","latinName":"Zingiber officinale","shortDescription":"Ginger is one of the most widely consumed spices and medicinal plants globally, with over 5,000 years of documented use in Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese, and Greco-Roman medicine. Its bioactive gingerols (fresh) and shogaols (dried/heated) demonstrate potent anti-nausea, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and metabolic effects backed by an extensive modern clinical evidence base \u2014 making ginger one of the most clinically validated herbal medicines available.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Muscle & Recovery","Gut Health","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"grape-seed-extract","name":"Grape Seed Extract (OPC)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"Grape seed extract (GSE) is one of the richest natural sources of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) \u2014 a class of flavonoid polyphenols with exceptional free radical scavenging activity. With over 50 human clinical trials, GSE demonstrates consistent benefits for cardiovascular health, circulation, chronic venous insufficiency, skin aging, and blood pressure reduction. Its OPC content provides antioxidant activity 20\u201350x greater than vitamins C and E by weight, making it a cornerstone antioxidant ingredient.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"st-johns-wort","name":"St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum)","latinName":"Hypericum perforatum","shortDescription":"St. John's Wort is a flowering plant with over 2,000 years of medicinal use and one of the most extensively studied herbal antidepressants. Its active compounds hypericin and hyperforin have demonstrated antidepressant effects comparable to standard pharmaceutical antidepressants in multiple meta-analyses \u2014 with a significantly better tolerability profile for mild to moderate depression. However, it is also among the most clinically significant herbal medicines for drug interactions, inducing CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein to reduce blood levels of many commonly prescribed medications.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"flaxseed","name":"Flaxseed / Flaxseed Oil (Linum usitatissimum)","latinName":"Linum usitatissimum","shortDescription":"Flaxseed (linseed) is one of the richest plant sources of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3), lignans (phytoestrogens), and soluble fiber \u2014 three nutritional components with independent and complementary benefits for cardiovascular health, hormonal balance, digestive function, and cancer prevention. Ground flaxseed provides all three components; flaxseed oil provides ALA but not lignans or fiber.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Menopause Support","Prostate Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"psyllium","name":"Psyllium Husk (Plantago ovata)","latinName":"Plantago ovata","shortDescription":"Psyllium husk is the soluble fiber derived from the seed husks of Plantago ovata \u2014 the most widely sold dietary fiber supplement globally and one of the best-studied natural ingredients for cholesterol reduction, blood sugar management, and digestive health. Psyllium's mucilaginous gel-forming fiber has FDA-approved health claims for heart disease risk reduction, making it one of the very few dietary supplements with regulatory recognition of its clinical evidence base.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular","Gut Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"hawthorn","name":"Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.)","latinName":"Crataegus monogyna / laevigata / oxyacantha","shortDescription":"Hawthorn (Crataegus species) is a thorny shrub whose berries, leaves, and flowers have been used in European herbal medicine for over 2,000 years as a cardiac tonic. Modern research has studied hawthorn's oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and flavonoids (vitexin, hyperoside) for supporting cardiovascular and circulatory function. Human trial results are mixed: some older, mostly small trials of standardized extract WS 1442 reported symptomatic and exercise-tolerance benefits as an adjunct to standard therapy, but the two largest and most rigorous trials (SPICE and HERB-CHF) found no benefit. Hawthorn is not a treatment for heart failure or any heart condition, which requires medical care.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bilberry","name":"Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)","latinName":"Vaccinium myrtillus","shortDescription":"Bilberry is a wild-harvested European relative of the blueberry whose fruit contains exceptionally high concentrations of anthocyanins \u2014 particularly delphinidin, cyanidin, and malvidin glycosides \u2014 that selectively accumulate in ocular and vascular tissue. A popular WWII story holds that British RAF pilots ate bilberry jam to sharpen night vision, but this is now widely regarded as a wartime myth (a cover story for radar), and rigorous trials have not confirmed a night-vision benefit. Bilberry has, however, been studied for eye comfort and fatigue, circulation, and microvascular support, with a modern human evidence base for accommodation/ciliary-muscle function and acute glucose effects.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"peppermint","name":"Peppermint (Mentha \u00d7 piperita)","latinName":"Mentha \u00d7 piperita","shortDescription":"Peppermint is a hybrid mint (Mentha aquatica \u00d7 Mentha spicata) whose leaves and extracted essential oil provide one of the most evidence-based botanical medicines for digestive health. Enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules are the best-studied natural treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with multiple meta-analyses confirming efficacy comparable to antispasmodic medications. Beyond GI applications, peppermint has documented effects for headache relief (topical application), nausea, and cognitive performance.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lavender","name":"Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)","latinName":"Lavandula angustifolia","shortDescription":"Lavender is an aromatic Mediterranean herb whose flowers and essential oil have been used for millennia for their calming, sleep-promoting, and anxiolytic properties. Unlike most aromatherapy ingredients, oral lavender oil has been tested in rigorous clinical trials \u2014 with Silexan\u00ae (Lasea\u00ae, Spitzner), a licensed oral lavender oil preparation, demonstrating pharmaceutical-grade efficacy for generalized anxiety disorder in multiple RCTs. Silexan\u00ae is the first orally administered essential oil approved as a prescription medicine for anxiety in Germany.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"chamomile","name":"Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)","latinName":"Matricaria chamomilla / recutita","shortDescription":"Chamomile is one of the most widely consumed herbal teas globally and among the oldest documented medicinal plants \u2014 appearing in ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman pharmacopeias. Its flower extract contains apigenin, bisabolol, and chamazulene \u2014 compounds with well-characterized anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and sleep-promoting properties. Clinical trials now validate chamomile's traditional reputation for anxiety, insomnia, and digestive comfort.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"soy-isoflavones","name":"Soy Isoflavones (Glycine max)","latinName":"Glycine max","shortDescription":"Soy isoflavones \u2014 primarily genistein, daidzein, and glycitein \u2014 are phytoestrogens found in soybeans that bind estrogen receptors with selective tissue specificity, producing estrogenic effects in some tissues (bone, brain, cardiovascular) and anti-estrogenic effects in others (breast tissue). With an extensive clinical evidence base spanning menopausal symptom management, bone density preservation, cardiovascular protection, and cancer prevention, soy isoflavones represent one of the most studied phytoestrogenic supplements.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular","Bone Health","Menopause Support","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"red-clover","name":"Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)","latinName":"Trifolium pratense","shortDescription":"Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) is a legume containing isoflavones \u2014 primarily formononetin, biochanin A, daidzein, and genistein. Used widely for menopausal symptom support, with the strongest clinical evidence for hot flash reduction in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Effects are modest \u2014 typically 30-50% hot flash reduction versus placebo \u2014 but consistent across multiple randomized trials. Also has emerging evidence for bone density support in postmenopausal women and cardiovascular protective effects. The isoflavones are phytoestrogens that bind weakly to estrogen receptors, providing partial estrogenic effects without direct hormonal replacement. The honest framing: a reasonable evidence-based option for menopausal hot flash relief, particularly for women who can't or don't want to use hormone replacement therapy; not a substitute for medical care in severe symptoms or for women with bone loss requiring more aggressive intervention.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Bone Health","Menopause Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"chasteberry","name":"Chasteberry / Vitex (Vitex agnus-castus)","latinName":"Vitex agnus-castus","shortDescription":"Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus) fruit extract is among the most clinically studied botanicals used to support premenstrual comfort and menstrual-cycle regularity. Laboratory and clinical research suggests its compounds interact with dopamine receptors and may lower prolactin, a hormone associated with premenstrual symptoms. Agnucaston\u00ae and Prefemin\u00ae are standardized extracts studied for premenstrual comfort, cyclical breast comfort, and menstrual-cycle support.","categories":["Women's Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"black-cohosh","name":"Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa)","latinName":"Actaea racemosa / Cimicifuga racemosa","shortDescription":"Black cohosh is a flowering plant native to eastern North America whose root extract has been used by Native American peoples for centuries for women's health conditions. It is the most clinically studied Western herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms, with Remifemin\u00ae (Schaper & Br\u00fcmmer) being the most extensively researched standardized extract. Unlike soy and red clover, black cohosh does not act as a phytoestrogen \u2014 its mechanism is distinct, involving serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways, which is why it is often discussed as a non-phytoestrogenic option, though it is not a treatment for any disease and hormone-sensitive patients should speak with their physician before use.","categories":["Menopause Support","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"evening-primrose","name":"Evening Primrose Oil (Oenothera biennis)","latinName":"Oenothera biennis","shortDescription":"Evening primrose oil (EPO) is cold-pressed from the seeds of Oenothera biennis and is one of the richest plant sources of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) \u2014 an omega-6 fatty acid that is an immediate precursor to anti-inflammatory eicosanoids when conventional omega-6 metabolism is impaired. GLA bypasses the rate-limiting delta-6-desaturase enzyme step, providing direct substrate for prostaglandin E1 synthesis \u2014 an anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory prostaglandin with roles in PMS, eczema, diabetic neuropathy, and rheumatoid arthritis.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Hair, Skin & Nails","Women's Health","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"astragalus","name":"Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus)","latinName":"Astragalus membranaceus / mongholicus","shortDescription":"Astragalus (Huang Qi) is one of the most important tonic herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, used for over 2,000 years as a fundamental immune-modulating and adaptogenic herb. Its primary bioactives \u2014 astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and cycloastragenol/astragaloside IV \u2014 demonstrate immunomodulatory effects through multiple pathways, and astragaloside IV has generated significant longevity research interest for telomerase-activating activity seen in laboratory studies. The limited human telomere data come from open-label studies of a specific purified product (TA-65 cycloastragenol extract) rather than whole astragalus, and should not be read as proof that astragalus itself preserves telomere length.","categories":["Immune Support","Metabolic Health","Longevity","Respiratory Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"horse-chestnut","name":"Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)","latinName":"Aesculus hippocastanum","shortDescription":"Horse chestnut seed extract (HCSE) is the best-studied botanical for supporting healthy vein tone and easing the leg swelling, aching, and heaviness associated with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Its primary active compound, aescin (a mixture of triterpene saponins), reduces venous permeability, inhibits capillary leakage, and improves venous tone through mechanisms that have been validated in a Cochrane systematic review as producing clinically meaningful improvements equivalent to compression stockings.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"licorice","name":"Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra)","latinName":"Glycyrrhiza glabra / uralensis","shortDescription":"Licorice root is one of the most widely used herbs in both Eastern and Western herbal medicine traditions \u2014 the third most prescribed herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine and a staple of European phytotherapy for digestive, respiratory, and hormonal conditions. Its dual-component pharmacology requires understanding: glycyrrhizin (the primary saponin) produces significant hormonal and blood pressure effects, while deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) removes glycyrrhizin to allow safe use for digestive conditions without endocrine side effects.","categories":["Respiratory Health","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"goldenseal","name":"Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)","latinName":"Hydrastis canadensis","shortDescription":"Goldenseal is a North American woodland plant whose root and rhizome contain berberine \u2014 the same isoquinoline alkaloid found in berberis, barberry, and Chinese goldthread. While goldenseal's traditional reputation as an 'antibiotic herb' is partly exaggerated, its berberine content provides genuine antimicrobial, immune-modulating, and digestive effects, and its specific botanical profile (canadine, hydrastine alongside berberine) provides activity distinct from isolated berberine supplements. Goldenseal is a wild-harvested plant under pressure \u2014 sustainably sourced products should be prioritized.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"kava","name":"Kava (Piper methysticum)","latinName":"Piper methysticum","shortDescription":"Kava is a plant native to the Pacific Islands whose root has been consumed ceremonially for over 3,000 years as a social and ritual beverage. Its active kavalactones produce genuine anxiolytic and muscle-relaxant effects through GABA-A receptor modulation \u2014 validated in multiple RCTs. However, kava carries a serious liver safety concern: rare but severe hepatotoxicity (including liver failure) has been reported with standardized kava extract supplements, leading to regulatory restrictions in Germany, Canada, and the EU. Traditional aqueous kava preparations appear safer than solvent-extracted supplements.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"butterbur","name":"Butterbur (Petasites hybridus)","latinName":"Petasites hybridus","shortDescription":"Butterbur is a large-leaved perennial plant native to Europe and Asia whose root extract has demonstrated genuine clinical efficacy for migraine prevention and allergic rhinitis in well-designed RCTs. Its active petasins inhibit 5-LOX and LTB4 \u2014 providing non-sedating anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects that reduce migraine frequency and allergy symptoms. Critical: Only PA-free (pyrrolizidine alkaloid-free) extracts are safe \u2014 raw butterbur contains hepatotoxic and potentially carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that must be removed in pharmaceutical-grade preparations. Petadolex\u00ae (Weber & Weber) is the established PA-free form.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cats-claw","name":"Cat's Claw (Uncaria tomentosa)","latinName":"Uncaria tomentosa / guianensis","shortDescription":"Cat's claw (U\u00f1a de Gato) is a large woody vine from the Amazon rainforest whose bark and root have been used by indigenous Peruvian peoples for centuries for immune support, inflammation, and infection. Its two main bioactive groups \u2014 pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POAs) and tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids (TOAs) \u2014 have opposing immune effects, requiring standardized POA-only extracts for consistent immune-enhancing results. Clinical evidence is limited but encouraging for rheumatoid arthritis and immune support applications.","categories":["Immune Support","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"feverfew","name":"Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)","latinName":"Tanacetum parthenium","shortDescription":"Feverfew is a daisy-family herb with a long history of use in European folk medicine for fevers, headaches, and arthritis. Its primary active compound, parthenolide, inhibits NF-\u03baB, platelet aggregation, and serotonin release \u2014 mechanisms mechanistically relevant to migraine. Clinical evidence for migraine prevention is mixed, with some positive RCTs and some negative, and the preparation form significantly affects outcomes. Fresh leaf preparations appear most effective; dried freeze-dried preparations retain more parthenolide than standard dried herb.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"yohimbe","name":"Yohimbe / Yohimbine (Pausinystalia yohimbe)","latinName":"Pausinystalia yohimbe","shortDescription":"Yohimbe is the bark of a West African tree containing yohimbine \u2014 an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist with genuine pharmacological activity for fat loss (particularly stubborn adipose), sexual dysfunction, and athletic performance. However, yohimbine has a narrow therapeutic window, significant cardiovascular stimulant effects (elevated heart rate and blood pressure), and serious contraindications \u2014 making it one of the higher-risk botanical supplements. FDA has issued warnings about yohimbe products. Use only under medical supervision; start at the lowest possible dose.","categories":["Weight Management","Athletic Performance","Libido Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bitter-orange","name":"Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium)","latinName":"Citrus aurantium","shortDescription":"Bitter orange peel extract containing synephrine became widely used as a stimulant after ephedra was banned by the FDA in 2004 \u2014 marketed as a 'safer' alternative. Synephrine is a sympathomimetic amine structurally similar to ephedrine, with genuine thermogenic and lipolytic effects but also cardiovascular stimulant activity. Unlike ephedra, synephrine's cardiovascular risk at commonly used doses appears modest, though it remains controversial. When combined with caffeine (common in weight loss supplements), cardiovascular effects are significantly amplified.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"aloe-vera","name":"Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller)","latinName":"Aloe barbadensis miller / Aloe vera","shortDescription":"Aloe vera is a succulent plant whose gel (from the inner leaf) and latex (from the leaf skin) have been used medicinally for over 5,000 years. The clear inner gel \u2014 rich in polysaccharides (acemannan), anthraquinones, vitamins, minerals, and enzymes \u2014 is used orally for digestive health and blood sugar management. The yellow latex contains anthraquinone laxatives (aloin, barbaloin) that are powerful stimulant laxatives but associated with serious safety concerns with chronic use. These two components must be clearly distinguished in any aloe supplement.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"noni","name":"Noni (Morinda citrifolia)","latinName":"Morinda citrifolia","shortDescription":"Noni is a tropical fruit tree native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands whose juice, fruit, leaves, and root have been used in traditional Polynesian medicine for over 2,000 years. Modern marketing positioned noni as a 'miracle cure' in the late 1990s with broad health claims, many of which lack clinical evidence. The fruit juice contains anthraquinones, polysaccharides, scopoletin, and damnacanthal \u2014 compounds with antioxidant, immune-modulating, and anti-inflammatory properties in laboratory studies. Human clinical evidence is very limited, mostly small studies with modest effects.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"conjugated-linoleic-acid","name":"CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring trans fatty acid found predominantly in dairy products and grass-fed beef, where specific CLA isomers (particularly c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA) accumulate through bacterial biohydrogenation. The t10,c12 isomer is the primary biologically active form for body composition \u2014 reducing fat mass while preserving lean body mass through mechanisms involving fatty acid oxidation, adipocyte apoptosis, and inhibition of fat storage enzymes. Tonalin\u00ae (BASF) is the most clinically studied CLA supplement form.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"mct-oil","name":"MCT Oil (Medium-Chain Triglycerides)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are saturated fatty acids with 6\u201312 carbon chains (caprylic C8, capric C10, lauric C12) derived primarily from coconut and palm kernel oil. Unlike long-chain fatty acids, MCTs are absorbed directly into the portal circulation without requiring bile acids or chylomicron packaging, and are rapidly transported to the liver for beta-oxidation or ketone production. This unique metabolism makes MCT oil a fast-acting energy source and a cornerstone ingredient in ketogenic, weight management, and cognitive performance applications.","categories":["Energy","Weight Management","Cognitive","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"acetyl-l-carnitine","name":"Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) is the acetylated form of L-carnitine \u2014 a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that, unlike standard L-carnitine, readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and provides both carnitine's mitochondrial fatty acid transport function and acetyl groups for acetylcholine synthesis. This dual neurological and metabolic activity makes ALCAR one of the most studied neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing supplements, with the most-studied areas being peripheral neuropathy, cognitive aging, and mood.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy","Mood & Mental Health","Fertility"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"tyrosine","name":"L-Tyrosine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Tyrosine is a conditionally essential amino acid and the direct precursor to the catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine \u2014 as well as thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and melanin. Under conditions of acute stress, cognitive demand, or catecholamine depletion, tyrosine supplementation restores neurotransmitter levels and significantly improves cognitive performance, working memory, and stress resilience. N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine (NALT) is a more water-soluble form, though L-tyrosine may have superior bioavailability in some studies.","categories":["Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety","Thyroid Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"betaine-tmg","name":"Betaine / TMG (Trimethylglycine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Betaine (trimethylglycine, TMG) is a naturally occurring compound found in beets, spinach, and whole grains that serves as a methyl donor in the homocysteine remethylation pathway \u2014 a critical step in one-carbon metabolism. Beyond its cardiovascular protective role in reducing homocysteine, betaine has demonstrated robust ergogenic effects for athletic performance \u2014 increasing power output, strength, and body composition \u2014 through osmolyte activity, creatine synthesis support, and protein synthesis enhancement. It is one of the most underrated performance ingredients with a rapidly growing clinical evidence base.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular","Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"hmb","name":"HMB (Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine \u2014 produced when leucine is oxidized via the KIC (alpha-ketoisocaproate) pathway. As a downstream leucine metabolite, HMB is proposed to provide the anabolic and anti-catabolic signaling benefits of leucine at lower intakes, making it particularly valuable in populations experiencing muscle wasting (elderly, cancer cachexia, bed rest). The evidence for HMB in trained athletes is more mixed, with effects most pronounced in untrained individuals and clinical muscle-wasting conditions.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"glucomannan","name":"Glucomannan (Konjac Root Fiber)","latinName":"Amorphophallus konjac","shortDescription":"Glucomannan is a water-soluble dietary fiber derived from the root of the konjac plant (Amorphophallus konjac), with the highest viscosity and water-absorption capacity of any known dietary fiber \u2014 absorbing up to 50 times its weight in water and forming an extremely thick gel in the stomach. This exceptional gel-forming ability makes glucomannan one of the most effective natural appetite suppressants and cholesterol-lowering agents, with FDA-qualified health claims for blood sugar and cholesterol management in some jurisdictions.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular","Gut Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"beta-glucans","name":"Beta-Glucans (Oat & Yeast-Derived)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Beta-glucans are soluble polysaccharide fibers from oats, barley, baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and medicinal mushrooms. Critical distinction: oat/barley \u03b2-glucans (\u03b2-1,3/1,4) have FDA-approved cardiovascular health claim (1997, since amended) for LDL cholesterol reduction; yeast/mushroom \u03b2-glucans (\u03b2-1,3/1,6) have different mechanism for immune modulation. Strongest evidence: FDA-authorized 3 g/day oat \u03b2-glucan for ~5-10% LDL reduction (>80 RCTs supporting). Yeast \u03b2-glucan: Wellmune\u00ae is the most-studied branded form for seasonal respiratory-immune support, though trials show mixed results (more consistent effects on symptom severity/days than on infection incidence). Two distinct ingredient categories sharing one name \u2014 choose appropriate source for the intended use.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Immune Support","Metabolic Health","Gut Health","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"leucine","name":"L-Leucine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Leucine is the most anabolically potent of the three branched-chain amino acids and the primary trigger for muscle protein synthesis through direct mTORC1 activation. Often called the 'leucine trigger,' it is the only amino acid that activates muscle protein synthesis independently \u2014 without requiring the full complement of essential amino acids \u2014 making it the cornerstone of both BCAA supplementation and protein quality assessment. The leucine threshold concept (minimum ~2\u20133 g per meal to trigger MPS) has fundamentally shaped sports nutrition protein timing recommendations.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lysine","name":"L-Lysine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Lysine is an essential amino acid that humans cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet or supplementation. It is critically important for collagen synthesis (as a hydroxylation substrate for lysyl hydroxylase), calcium absorption, carnitine production, and immune function. Lysine is most deficient in cereal-based diets and in vegetarian/vegan populations. Its most clinically validated application is herpes simplex virus (HSV-1/HSV-2) suppression \u2014 lysine competes with arginine for viral replication pathways, reducing both frequency and severity of cold sore and genital herpes outbreaks.","categories":["Immune Support","Bone Health","Stress & Anxiety","Hair, Skin & Nails","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"tryptophan","name":"L-Tryptophan","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and the sole dietary precursor to serotonin and melatonin \u2014 neurotransmitters governing mood, sleep, appetite, and pain perception. Unlike 5-HTP (which is one step closer to serotonin), tryptophan's conversion requires multiple enzymatic steps and is subject to competing pathways (kynurenine pathway), making its effects more gradual but also more physiologically regulated. Tryptophan supplementation is one of the oldest serotonin-targeted natural approaches for depression, insomnia, and appetite regulation.","categories":["Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"methionine","name":"L-Methionine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Methionine is an essential sulfur-containing amino acid and the universal methyl group donor in one-carbon metabolism \u2014 serving as the direct precursor to S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the body's primary methylating agent. Through SAMe, methionine supports DNA methylation, neurotransmitter synthesis, phospholipid metabolism, and glutathione production. Methionine is found abundantly in eggs, meat, and fish but is the limiting amino acid in most plant proteins. Supplementation is primarily relevant for vegan/vegetarian populations and specific therapeutic applications.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ornithine","name":"L-Ornithine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Ornithine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle \u2014 the primary pathway for ammonia detoxification in the liver. As a precursor to citrulline, proline, and polyamines, ornithine also contributes to nitric oxide production and wound healing. Its primary supplement applications are for exercise-related fatigue reduction (through ammonia clearance), sleep quality improvement, and urea-cycle (ammonia-clearance) support. Often combined with arginine or aspartate to enhance the urea cycle.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Sleep Health","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"fucoxanthin","name":"Fucoxanthin","latinName":"Undaria pinnatifida / Fucus vesiculosus","shortDescription":"Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid found abundantly in edible brown seaweeds (wakame, hijiki, kombu) that has attracted significant research interest for its unique thermogenic and metabolic effects. Unlike most carotenoids, fucoxanthin accumulates preferentially in white adipose tissue where \u2014 in animal (mouse) studies \u2014 it has been shown to upregulate uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression, a 'browning' mechanism proposed to shift white fat toward energy expenditure. This mechanism has not been confirmed in humans. Combined with pomegranate seed oil for bioavailability, fucoxanthin has demonstrated modest but real fat-loss effects in human clinical trials.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"hydroxycitric-acid","name":"Hydroxycitric Acid / HCA (Garcinia cambogia)","latinName":"Garcinia cambogia / gummi-gutta","shortDescription":"Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is the primary bioactive compound in Garcinia cambogia rind extract, claiming to inhibit ATP-citrate lyase \u2014 an enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis \u2014 and suppress appetite by elevating serotonin. HCA became one of the best-selling weight loss supplements of the 1990s-2000s, but subsequent large, rigorous clinical trials have produced inconsistent results, with the most rigorous meta-analyses showing minimal to no meaningful weight loss beyond placebo. Evidence level is low, and several safety concerns have been raised.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"chitosan","name":"Chitosan","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chitosan is a deacetylated form of chitin \u2014 the structural polysaccharide found in crustacean shells (shrimp, crab, lobster) and some fungi. As a positively charged fiber, chitosan binds negatively charged dietary fat molecules in the GI tract, forming a gel that partially prevents fat absorption before excretion. While heavily marketed as a 'fat blocker,' rigorous clinical evidence shows chitosan produces only modest fat absorption reduction and weight loss \u2014 considerably less than initially claimed. It does have genuine lipid-lowering properties and prebiotic effects.","categories":["Weight Management","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"sodium-bicarbonate","name":"Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, NaHCO\u2083) is one of the oldest and most studied ergogenic aids in sports science \u2014 functioning as an extracellular pH buffer that delays the onset of metabolic acidosis during high-intensity exercise. By increasing blood bicarbonate levels before exercise, sodium bicarbonate effectively extends the duration at which maximum intensity can be maintained before lactic acidosis-induced fatigue. It is classified as a permitted substance by WADA with a Level A evidence rating by the International Olympic Committee for high-intensity exercise performance.","categories":["Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"manganese","name":"Manganese","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Manganese is an essential trace mineral and cofactor for over 300 enzymes \u2014 most notably manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the primary antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria, and arginase (urea cycle), glutamine synthetase (nitrogen metabolism), and pyruvate carboxylase (gluconeogenesis). It is required for bone formation, cartilage synthesis, and blood clotting. Manganese is found in whole grains, nuts, leafy vegetables, and tea. Deficiency is uncommon in most Western diets but relevant in populations consuming highly refined foods or with malabsorption conditions.","categories":["Bone Health","Metabolic Health","Antioxidant","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"phosphorus","name":"Phosphorus / Phosphate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in the human body after calcium \u2014 comprising approximately 1% of total body weight \u2014 and is essential for every living cell. As a component of ATP, DNA, RNA, phospholipid membranes, and hydroxyapatite (bone mineral), phosphorus is involved in virtually every biological process. Phosphorus deficiency (hypophosphatemia) is clinically rare in normal diets since phosphorus is ubiquitous in food, but can occur with antacid overuse, malnutrition, or refeeding syndrome. Most people get plenty of phosphorus \u2014 often too much, largely from phosphate additives in processed foods and colas \u2014 so supplementation is rarely needed. It is relevant mainly for specific clinical conditions (such as refeeding syndrome) under medical supervision.","categories":["Bone Health","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sodium","name":"Sodium / Electrolyte Sodium","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sodium is the primary extracellular cation in the human body \u2014 essential for maintaining fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle contraction. While most attention focuses on sodium reduction for cardiovascular health, sodium supplementation is critically important for athletes, people in hot climates, and those following very low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets where significant sodium is excreted. Electrolyte sodium (as sodium chloride, sodium citrate, or sodium phosphate) prevents hyponatremia \u2014 a life-threatening condition in endurance athletes consuming excessive plain water.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Hydration"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"molybdenum","name":"Molybdenum","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Molybdenum is an essential ultratrace mineral required as a cofactor for four known human metalloenzymes: sulfite oxidase (sulfur amino acid metabolism), xanthine oxidase (purine catabolism and uric acid production), aldehyde oxidase (drug/xenobiotic metabolism), and mARC (mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component, involved in nitrogen metabolism). Molybdenum deficiency is extremely rare under normal dietary conditions \u2014 the mineral is widely distributed in legumes, grains, and leafy vegetables. It appears in multivitamin formulas primarily for completeness.","categories":["Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"vanadium","name":"Vanadium (Vanadyl Sulfate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vanadium is a trace element with no established essential function in humans \u2014 though insulin-mimetic properties of vanadyl sulfate and organic vanadium compounds have generated interest for blood sugar management. Vanadium compounds activate insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and downstream insulin signaling pathways, producing glucose-lowering effects in animal models and small human studies. However, human clinical evidence is limited, the therapeutic window is narrow (toxic and therapeutic doses are close), and long-term safety data is insufficient. Vanadium is used primarily in research contexts and occasionally in blood sugar supplement formulas.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"silicon","name":"Silicon / Orthosilicic Acid","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Silicon is one of the most abundant elements on earth and the third most abundant trace element in the human body \u2014 yet its essentiality in humans remains debated. Bioavailable silicon (as orthosilicic acid, OSA) accumulates in connective tissues \u2014 bone, cartilage, skin, hair, and nails \u2014 where it appears to stimulate collagen synthesis and cross-linking, and is associated with bone mineral density in population studies. ch-OSA\u00ae (BioMinerals) stabilized orthosilicic acid choline-chelate is among the most bioavailable and clinically studied silicon supplement forms.","categories":["Bone Health","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"eyebright","name":"Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis)","latinName":"Euphrasia officinalis / rostkoviana","shortDescription":"Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis) is a small semi-parasitic flowering plant native to Europe whose aerial parts have been used since the Middle Ages for eye-related conditions \u2014 its spotted flower pattern was interpreted under the Doctrine of Signatures as indicating its use for eye health. Modern phytochemical analysis confirms Eyebright contains aucubin (an iridoid glycoside), luteolin, quercetin, caffeic acid derivatives, and tannins with documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent properties relevant to ocular surface health. Clinical evidence is limited but promising for conjunctivitis, dry eye, and seasonal eye irritation.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"estrog-100","name":"EstroG-100\u00ae (Phytoestrogen Complex)","latinName":"Cynanchum wilfordii / Phlomis umbrosa / Angelica gigas","shortDescription":"EstroG-100\u00ae (Naturalendo Tech Co.) is a patented, standardized extract combining three traditional Korean medicinal herbs \u2014 Cynanchum wilfordii, Phlomis umbrosa, and Angelica gigas \u2014 used for over 1,000 years in Korean traditional medicine for female hormonal health. Unlike soy or red clover isoflavones, EstroG-100 works through a non-estrogenic mechanism, showing no estrogenic activity in laboratory assays. This in-vitro finding is not a substitute for medical advice and does not establish clinical safety in estrogen-sensitive conditions such as a history of breast cancer, where anyone should consult their physician before use. Two double-blind RCTs reported reductions in menopausal symptoms \u2014 hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbance, vaginal dryness, and mood changes \u2014 with a non-estrogenic profile in laboratory assays; effects on breast-cancer risk in people have not been established.","categories":["Menopause Support","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"shatavari","name":"Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus / Xeya\u00ae)","latinName":"Asparagus racemosus","shortDescription":"Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) is one of the most revered herbs in Ayurvedic medicine \u2014 its Sanskrit name translates to 'she who possesses a hundred husbands,' reflecting traditional use for female vitality, reproductive health, and lactation over millennia. Primary bioactives are steroidal saponins (shatavarins I-IV), isoflavones, and polysaccharides. Modern clinical evidence is strongest for lactation support (galactagogue), PCOS management (CL22209 RCT), and menopausal symptom relief. Two key branded forms: Xeya\u00ae (Verdure Sciences) and CL22209 (NXT USA). Cross-reactivity with asparagus allergy is rare but possible.","categories":["Immune Support","Menopause Support","Stress & Anxiety","Women's Health","Mood & Mental Health","Fertility"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"dl-185","name":"DL-185\u00ae (Dileucine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"DL-185\u00ae (NNB Nutrition) is a patented dipeptide consisting of two L-leucine molecules enzymatically bonded together (L-leucyl-L-leucine monohydrate). This structure enables absorption via the PEPT1 peptide transporter \u2014 bypassing the saturable passive diffusion pathway of free leucine \u2014 delivering 86% more leucine to muscle tissue within 30 minutes versus an equivalent leucine dose. A 10-week double-blind RCT in resistance-trained men demonstrated significantly greater muscle protein synthesis, lower body strength, and muscle endurance vs. both leucine and placebo at just 2 grams/day.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"zinjaburn","name":"ZinjaBurn\u00ae (Standardized Dehydrozingerone \u2014 NNB Nutrition)","latinName":"Zingiber officinale","shortDescription":"ZinjaBurn\u00ae is NNB Nutrition's patented standardized extract of dehydrozingerone (DHZ) \u2014 a bioactive compound from ginger root structurally related to curcumin (sharing the feruloylmethane backbone) but with significantly higher bioavailability and a metabolic focus distinct from curcumin's joint applications. Combines thermogenic fat-burning properties (via AMPK activation), anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant activity in a single molecule. Suggested 400-600 mg twice daily for thermogenic effects. Preliminary research indicates DHZ can increase caloric burning up to 166 calories/day without exercise. Stimulant-free fat burner with insulin sensitivity benefits.","categories":["Weight Management","Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"gobhb","name":"goBHB\u00ae (Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Ketone Salts)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"goBHB\u00ae (NNB Nutrition / Compound Solutions) is a patented form of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) ketone salts providing exogenous ketones as calcium, sodium, and magnesium BHB mineral salts. BHB is the primary circulating ketone body produced during fasting, ketogenic diet, or intense exercise \u2014 serving as an efficient alternative fuel for the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. goBHB\u00ae raises blood ketone levels within 30\u201360 minutes of ingestion without dietary restriction, providing rapid cognitive energy, appetite suppression, and metabolic benefits associated with nutritional ketosis.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"hydroprime","name":"HydroPrime\u00ae (Stabilized Glycerol)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"HydroPrime\u00ae (NNB Nutrition) is a patented, highly stable glycerol powder at 65% glycerol concentration \u2014 solving the notorious clumping and hygroscopicity problem that plagued previous glycerol supplements (glycerol monostearate at 25%, HydroMax at 65% but less stable). Glycerol is a 3-carbon polyol osmolyte that distributes evenly throughout body fluids, increasing total body water, plasma volume, and intracellular hydration. Used in sports nutrition for hyperhydration, muscle pumps, endurance performance, and thermoregulation during heat stress.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Hydration"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"puremidine","name":"Puremidine\u2122 (Spermidine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Puremidine\u2122 (NNB Nutrition) is a highly purified spermidine supplement derived from wheat germ. Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine found in all living cells that serves as a master regulator of autophagy \u2014 the cellular self-cleaning process that removes damaged proteins and organelles, prevents cellular senescence, and drives longevity. Declining spermidine levels with age correlate directly with reduced autophagy, accelerated cellular aging, and increased disease risk. Multiple human observational studies link high dietary spermidine intake to significantly lower all-cause mortality and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer.","categories":["Cognitive","Cardiovascular","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"fastbliss","name":"FastBliss\u00ae (Paraxanthine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"FastBliss\u00ae (NNB Nutrition) is a purified paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine) supplement \u2014 the primary metabolite of caffeine that accounts for 70\u201372% of ingested caffeine's downstream effects. Paraxanthine is what most people actually feel when they drink coffee: the same cognitive enhancement, adenosine antagonism, and phosphodiesterase inhibition as caffeine, but without the anxiogenic (anxiety-causing) effects attributed to other caffeine metabolites (theophylline, theobromine). Multiple clinical studies confirm paraxanthine produces comparable or superior cognitive and energy benefits to caffeine with significantly fewer side effects and a more favorable cardiovascular safety profile.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"mitogreens","name":"MitoGreens\u00ae (Ergothioneine-Amplified Superfood Greens \u2014 NNB Nutrition)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MitoGreens\u00ae is NNB Nutrition's antioxidant-packed superfood greens formula amplified with MitoPrime\u00ae (L-ergothioneine) \u2014 the body's 'longevity vitamin' that has been shown to outperform glutathione, vitamin C, and CoQ10. Combines 29 potent botanical superfood ingredients with the super-antioxidant power of MitoPrime in a 100 mg per serving concentrated dose. High ORAC, non-GMO, gluten-free. Particularly versatile for greens powders, RTDs, gummies, and capsules. Supports healthy aging, cognitive function, immune function, sports nutrition, antioxidant, wellness, and energy applications. Includes quercetin alongside fruit/berry extracts (blueberry, acerola, bilberry, apple, camu-camu).","categories":["Energy","Antioxidant","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"mitoreds","name":"MitoReds\u2122 (Ergothioneine-Amplified Reds Antioxidant Blend \u2014 NNB Nutrition)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MitoReds\u2122 is NNB Nutrition's antioxidant-rich reds powder formula with best-in-class antioxidant power thanks to addition of MitoPrime\u00ae (L-ergothioneine). Combined with the cellular energy and healthy aging benefits of MitoPrime are nearly 30 different fruit, vegetable, and herbal extracts abundant in vitamins, minerals, active compounds, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. Designed as the red-focused complement to MitoGreens\u00ae for holistic health approach. Particularly valuable for cardiovascular and nitric oxide applications \u2014 many red/purple fruits support NO production. Minimal flavor impact makes MitoReds highly customizable for any formulation.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"geniuspure","name":"GeniusPure\u00ae (High-Purity Alpha-GPC)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GeniusPure\u00ae (NNB Nutrition) is a patent-pending stabilized alpha-GPC (alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine) at 70% or 90% concentration \u2014 solving the same hygroscopicity and stability problem that limited previous alpha-GPC supplements (standard 50% alpha-GPC bound to silica). Alpha-GPC is the most bioavailable form of choline for the brain, crossing the blood-brain barrier efficiently to serve as the direct precursor for acetylcholine synthesis. It is the gold-standard cognitive enhancer for memory, focus, learning, and neuromuscular performance, with one of the strongest clinical evidence bases of any nootropic ingredient.","categories":["Cognitive","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"completegreens","name":"CompleteGreens\u2122 (Ready-to-Flavor Greens Base \u2014 NNB Nutrition)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"CompleteGreens\u2122 is NNB Nutrition's complete superfood base formula built on MitoGreens\u00ae \u2014 including their premier branded antioxidant ingredient MitoPrime\u00ae (L-ergothioneine). Expertly designed by NNB's R&D team as a ready-to-use blend that can be used as a finished superfood product with simple addition of flavoring. Compared with MitoGreens (a single 100 mg greens-blend ingredient), CompleteGreens is a full, ready-to-flavor scoopable superfood product that combines multiple greens and antioxidants in one base.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"dynamine","name":"Dynamine\u00ae (Methylliberine)","latinName":"Camellia assamica (kucha tea leaf)","shortDescription":"Dynamine\u00ae (Compound Solutions) is a patented methylliberine \u2014 a purine alkaloid found naturally in kucha tea leaves that is structurally related to both caffeine and theacrine (TeaCrine\u00ae). It provides rapid-onset energy, focus, and mood enhancement within 15\u201330 minutes, with a shorter duration (~1\u20133 hours) than caffeine, and without the cardiovascular side effects (elevated heart rate, blood pressure) of stimulants. Most powerfully used in combination with caffeine and/or TeaCrine\u00ae \u2014 Dynamine\u00ae extends caffeine's half-life approximately 2-fold, allowing lower caffeine doses to deliver stronger, longer-lasting effects.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"metabolyte","name":"Metabolyte\u00ae (BHB Energy + B-Vitamins)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Metabolyte\u00ae (Compound Solutions) is a patented combination of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) ketone salts and B-vitamins specifically formulated to support cellular energy metabolism, metabolic flexibility, and sustained mental and physical energy. By combining exogenous ketones (a direct mitochondrial fuel) with B-vitamin cofactors essential for energy-producing enzymatic reactions, Metabolyte\u00ae addresses both the fuel supply and the metabolic machinery required for efficient ATP production.","categories":["Energy","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"peako2","name":"PeakO2\u00ae (Adaptogenic Mushroom Blend)","latinName":"Cordyceps militaris / Ganoderma lucidum / Pleurotus eryngii / Lentinula edodes / Trametes versicolor / Hericium erinaceus","shortDescription":"PeakO2\u00ae (Compound Solutions) is a patented, USDA Certified Organic blend of six adaptogenic mushrooms grown on organic oats in the USA \u2014 headlined by Cordyceps militaris with Reishi, King Trumpet, Shiitake, Turkey Tail, and Lion's Mane. University clinical studies report improvements in VO2 max, peak power output (about 17.6% in 7 days), time to exhaustion (about +65 seconds in 21 days), and blood lactate clearance. Often described as 'creatine meets beta-alanine but 6 weeks faster,' PeakO2\u00ae is one of the more clinically validated mushroom blends for athletic performance.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy","Immune Support","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"gococoa","name":"goCOCOA\u00ae (Cocoa Flavanol Extract)","latinName":"Theobroma cacao","shortDescription":"goCOCOA (Compound Solutions) is a standardized cocoa (Theobroma cacao) flavanol extract providing a concentrated, consistent dose of cocoa flavanols, the bioactive polyphenols responsible for cocoa's well-documented cardiovascular, cognitive, and performance benefits. Cocoa flavanols are among the most extensively studied dietary polyphenols, with some of the strongest evidence of any single dietary compound for cardiovascular and brain health. goCOCOA provides these benefits in a standardized supplement form without the calories, sugar, and fat of chocolate.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"gofat","name":"goFAT\u00ae (Structured Lipid Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"goFAT\u00ae (Compound Solutions) is a proprietary structured lipid blend combining medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) with other functional fat sources to provide rapid-absorbing ketogenic fuel, fat-soluble nutrient delivery, and sustained energy without spiking blood glucose or insulin. Designed for ketogenic, low-carbohydrate, and performance nutrition applications where fat serves as the primary fuel substrate.","categories":["Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"carb10","name":"Carb10\u00ae (Pea Starch Carbohydrate)","latinName":"Pisum sativum","shortDescription":"Carb10\u00ae (Compound Solutions) is a patented, non-GMO pea starch (Pisum sativum) carbohydrate ingredient uniquely characterized by a very low glycemic and insulinemic response compared to standard carbohydrates \u2014 providing sustained energy delivery without the insulin spike and crash associated with high-GI carbs like dextrose, maltodextrin, or waxy maize. Clinical data shows Carb10\u00ae produces 82% less insulin and 27% lower blood glucose response vs. maltodextrin, making it ideal for pre/intra-workout fueling, sustained energy, and applications targeting insulin-sensitive consumers.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"amino9","name":"Amino9\u00ae (Clinically Validated EAA Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Amino9\u00ae (Compound Solutions) is a patented blend of all nine essential amino acids (EAAs) in a clinically validated ratio specifically optimized for muscle protein synthesis. Unlike BCAAs (which provide only leucine, isoleucine, and valine) or incomplete amino acid blends, Amino9\u00ae provides all nine indispensable amino acids required for complete muscle protein synthesis \u2014 with clinical data showing superior MPS stimulation compared to leucine alone and BCAA-only formulas. Amino9\u00ae is backed by a published RCT demonstrating significant muscle protein synthesis enhancement vs. control.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ixos","name":"iXOS\u00ae (Xylooligosaccharides Prebiotic)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"iXOS\u00ae (Compound Solutions) is a patented xylooligosaccharide (XOS) prebiotic fiber derived from non-GMO corn cobs \u2014 providing one of the most selective and effective prebiotic fibers for feeding Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species in the gut microbiome. XOS requires remarkably low doses (1\u20132g/day) to achieve significant bifidogenic effects \u2014 2\u20135x lower than FOS, GOS, or inulin \u2014 making it ideal for inclusion in capsule-format supplements, functional foods, and protein powders without bulking the serving size.","categories":["Immune Support","Metabolic Health","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"sowell","name":"SoWell\u2122 (Postbiotic Heat-Killed Lactobacillus)","latinName":"Lactobacillus plantarum","shortDescription":"SoWell\u2122 (Compound Solutions) is a patented postbiotic \u2014 a preparation of heat-killed (tyndallized) Lactobacillus plantarum that provides the immune and gut health benefits of probiotics without the viability challenges of live bacteria. Unlike traditional probiotics that can lose potency during manufacturing, storage, and transit through the acidic stomach, postbiotics deliver consistent, shelf-stable bioactivity. SoWell\u2122's heat-killed bacterial cell walls (peptidoglycans, lipoteichoic acids, cell surface proteins) interact directly with intestinal immune receptors to modulate innate immunity regardless of bacterial viability.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"yuth","name":"Y\u00fcth\u00ae (Spermidine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Y\u00fcth\u00ae (Compound Solutions) is a patent-pending high-purity spermidine ingredient designed to support healthy aging through cellular renewal mechanisms. Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine found in all living cells that serves as a master regulator of autophagy \u2014 the cellular self-cleaning process that removes damaged proteins and organelles, prevents cellular senescence, and drives longevity. Declining spermidine levels with age correlate directly with reduced autophagy, accelerated cellular aging, and increased disease risk. Y\u00fcth\u00ae is formulated as a stable, water-soluble, tasteless white powder optimized for use in beverages, gummies, capsules, and topicals. Compound Solutions positions Y\u00fcth\u00ae as a versatile alternative to NMN (which has been removed from the supplement market by FDA) and to expensive nicotinamide riboside formulations, offering a research-backed path to healthy aging through autophagy induction.","categories":["Antioxidant","Longevity","Cognitive","Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"onosweet","name":"OnoSweet\u00ae (Monk Fruit + Allulose Sweetener)","latinName":"Siraitia grosvenorii","shortDescription":"OnoSweet\u00ae (Compound Solutions) is a patented natural zero-calorie sweetener system combining monk fruit extract (luo han guo, mogrosides) with allulose \u2014 providing a clean, non-glycemic sweetening solution with superior taste profile compared to either ingredient alone. Monk fruit mogrosides are 150\u2013300x sweeter than sucrose with zero calories; allulose provides 70% of sucrose sweetness with near-zero caloric impact (0.4 kcal/g vs. 4 kcal/g for sucrose) and FDA GRAS status. The combination masks each other's aftertaste weaknesses for a clean, sugar-like taste experience.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"sukre","name":"Sukr\u00e9\u00ae (Ultra-Pure Allulose)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sukr\u00e9\u00ae (Compound Solutions) is an ultra-pure allulose (D-psicose) sweetener \u2014 a rare monosaccharide found naturally in trace amounts in figs, raisins, and maple syrup that provides 70% of sucrose's sweetness at 0.4 kcal/g (vs. 4 kcal/g for sucrose). Unlike other sugar alcohols and alternative sweeteners, allulose has FDA GRAS status, is excluded from total and added sugar counts on Nutrition Facts labels (FDA ruling), produces no glycemic or insulinemic response, and has demonstrated metabolic health benefits at higher intakes. Sukr\u00e9\u00ae differentiates through purity and clean taste profile.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"holistiq","name":"H\u014dlistiq\u2122 (Adaptogen + Mushroom Wellness Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"H\u014dlistiq\u2122 (Compound Solutions) is a proprietary adaptogenic mushroom and botanical blend formulated for comprehensive mind-body wellness \u2014 combining stress-resilience adaptogens with functional mushrooms for an integrative approach to daily wellbeing, immune support, and cognitive function. Designed for the growing 'holistic wellness' supplement category targeting consumers seeking stress management, immune resilience, and mental clarity from a single daily formula.","categories":["Immune Support","Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"rejen","name":"R\u0113jen\u2122 (Cellular Rejuvenation Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"R\u0113jen\u2122 (Compound Solutions) is a newly launched cellular rejuvenation ingredient (late 2025) targeting the growing longevity and anti-aging supplement market. Positioned as a next-generation longevity ingredient from Compound Solutions, R\u0113jen\u2122 is formulated around cellular renewal mechanisms \u2014 autophagy activation, senescent cell clearance, and mitochondrial rejuvenation \u2014 to address the fundamental biology of aging at the cellular level.","categories":["Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"peak-atp","name":"PEAK ATP\u00ae (Disodium Adenosine Triphosphate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Peak ATP\u00ae (TSI Group) is a patented form of adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium \u2014 the only nutritional ingredient structurally identical to the ATP produced and used by the human body. Unlike supplements that support ATP production indirectly (creatine, CoQ10, D-ribose), peak ATP\u00ae provides ATP directly as a signaling molecule that improves blood flow, muscle excitability, and fatigue resistance through extracellular purinergic receptor activation. Industry-funded (TSI Group), largely single-team trials have reported improvements in strength, lean body mass, and muscle thickness at 400 mg/day; the one independent trial (2004) was largely null, so the evidence remains preliminary and awaits independent replication.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"gyngerlean","name":"GyngerLean\u00ae (Ginger Weight Management Extract)","latinName":"Zingiber officinale","shortDescription":"GyngerLean\u00ae (Cepham Inc.) is a standardized ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract specifically developed and clinically studied for weight management \u2014 combining the thermogenic, anti-inflammatory, and appetite-modulating properties of ginger bioactives (6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol) in a concentrated, standardized extract optimized for fat loss applications.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"testncrease","name":"Testncrease\u00ae (Testosterone Support Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Testncrease\u00ae (Cepham Inc.) is a proprietary botanical testosterone support blend combining traditional herbal ingredients whose individual components carry clinical evidence for supporting healthy testosterone levels in men. The formula is designed to influence multiple points in the testosterone production and regulation pathway \u2014 potentially spanning LH signaling, Leydig cell support, SHBG binding and DHT balance \u2014 though the branded blend itself has not been evaluated in an independently indexed clinical trial.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy","Men's Health","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"melostacio","name":"Melostacio\u00ae (Mango Leaf Extract)","latinName":"Mangifera indica","shortDescription":"Melostacio\u00ae (Botanic Healthcare) is a standardized mango leaf (Mangifera indica) extract providing a concentrated source of mangiferin \u2014 a C-glucosylxanthone with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic health properties. Mango leaves have been used in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine for millennia for blood sugar management and metabolic conditions. Modern research confirms mangiferin inhibits alpha-glucosidase, activates AMPK, and reduces inflammatory markers relevant to metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes prevention, and cardiovascular health.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"stadice","name":"Stadice\u00ae (Joint Health Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Stadice\u00ae (Zeus Hygia) is a clinically supported joint health ingredient complex formulated to support cartilage integrity, reduce joint inflammation, and improve joint mobility and comfort. Positioned in the growing active aging and sports recovery joint health market, Stadice\u00ae combines ingredients targeting the multiple pathways of joint degradation \u2014 inflammatory cytokine signaling, cartilage matrix degradation, and synovial fluid maintenance.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"axivite","name":"Axivite\u00ae (Energy and Cognitive Performance Ingredient)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Axivite\u00ae (see Nutrition) is a specialty energy and cognitive performance ingredient featured on NXT Ingredients' platform. Positioned in the energy and cognitive health categories, Axivite\u00ae supports mental performance, focus, and sustained energy through a standardized botanical or nutraceutical approach.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"alviolife","name":"AlvioLife\u00ae (Boswellia + Bengal Quince for Respiratory Health \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Boswellia serrata + Aegle marmelos","shortDescription":"AlvioLife\u00ae is PLT Health Solutions' patented respiratory health ingredient \u2014 a synergistic blend of Boswellia serrata gum resin (standardized to 30% AKBA \u2014 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-\u03b2-boswellic acid) and Bengal quince (Aegle marmelos) fruit extract. Manufactured by Laila Nutraceuticals. Clinical trials document lung function improvement (FEV1 up to 16%), lung capacity (FVC up to 30%), and aerobic exercise capacity (up to 7% on 6-min walk test). Health Canada-approved for respiratory health claims. The combination has stronger 5-LOX inhibition than either constituent alone. Clinical dose: 200 mg/day.","categories":["Respiratory Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cellflo6","name":"cellflo6\u00ae (Gallate-Enhanced Green Tea Procyanidins \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"cellflo6\u00ae is PLT Health Solutions' patented, gallate-enhanced oligomer extract from green tea (Camellia sinensis), distinct from standard green tea extracts that focus on EGCG. It concentrates galloylated procyanidins (particularly ECG Dimer 1 and EGCG Dimer 1) via a proprietary double-extraction process. PLT holds US Patent 11,766,422 B2 on galloylated procyanidins; a patent documents claimed uses, not proven efficacy, and is not clinical evidence. Positioned for sports nutrition, recovery, and men's health applications. Studied dose: 600 mg/day.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ceratiq","name":"ceratiq\u00ae (Wheat-Derived Phytoceramides \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Triticum aestivum","shortDescription":"ceratiq\u00ae is PLT Health Solutions' patented, clinically-studied phytoceramide ingredient \u2014 derived from specially cultivated, sustainably harvested, non-GMO wheat grain grown in France and Europe. Phytoceramides are plant-derived lipids structurally similar to skin's natural ceramides (which comprise 35-40% of the binding matrix maintaining skin moisture). Ceramide levels naturally decline with age. NutraIngredients Ingredient of the Year Award winner for Healthy Aging. South Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety approved for functional health food claims. Clinical doses: 200 mg/day (hydration) or 350 mg/day (wrinkle reduction).","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"collactive","name":"Collactive\u00ae (Marine Collagen + Elastin Peptide Complex \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Marine fish collagen","shortDescription":"Collactive\u00ae is PLT Health Solutions' 100% marine-based collagen + elastin peptide complex \u2014 uniquely combining collagen and elastin in the same ratio found naturally in human skin's extracellular matrix. Elastin fibers give the dermis suppleness; collagen fibers provide tensile strength. Whether adding elastin makes the combination outperform collagen alone has not been demonstrated in independent published trials, and oral elastin-peptide efficacy on its own remains weakly supported. The manufacturer study used 2 g/day; published collagen RCTs show low doses (1-2.5 g/day) can work, but Collactive has not been shown superior to standard collagen in head-to-head published trials. Sourced from MSC-certified fish parts not used as food (sustainable). Non-GMO verification, water-solubility, and low taste/odor are sourcing and formulation attributes, not consumer health benefits.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"dynagenix","name":"Dynagenix\u00ae (Water-Soluble Boswellia for Joint + Muscle Recovery \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Boswellia serrata / Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Dynagenix\u00ae is PLT Health Solutions' next-generation water-soluble, neutral-tasting Boswellia serrata extract \u2014 co-developed with Laila Nutraceuticals. Standardized to 78% total boswellic acids with minimum 30% AKBA (3-acetyl-11-keto-\u03b2-boswellic acid). Clinical trials show benefits across two populations: joint comfort at 40 mg/day in older adults with osteoarthritis, and muscle/joint recovery at 60 mg/day in recreationally active men. The water solubility solves a long-standing Boswellia formulation problem \u2014 opens beverages, gummies, shots, sachets, and stick-packs.","categories":["Joint Health","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"earthlight","name":"Earthlight\u00ae (Whole Food Mushroom Vitamin D2)","latinName":"Agaricus bisporus","shortDescription":"Earthlight\u00ae (PLT Health Solutions) is a whole food Vitamin D ingredient derived from UV-treated white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) that provides plant-based Vitamin D2 in its natural food matrix \u2014 complete with the cofactors, fiber, beta-glucans, and phytonutrients present in whole mushrooms. Unlike isolated Vitamin D2 or D3 synthetics, Earthlight\u00ae delivers Vitamin D within its natural food context, making it ideal for plant-based, clean-label, and whole food positioning. Mushrooms are the only non-animal whole food that can produce significant Vitamin D through UV light exposure.","categories":["Immune Support","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"flexir","name":"FLEXIR\u00ae (Three-Botanical Joint Health Complex \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Eggshell membrane / Boswellia serrata","shortDescription":"FLEXIR is PLT Health Solutions' patent-pending three-botanical joint health complex combining Terminalia chebula (Haritaki), Curcuma longa (turmeric/curcumin), and Boswellia serrata (AKBA-standardized). Unlike single-ingredient approaches, FLEXIR targets multiple pathways involved in joint health simultaneously. In men and women with knee discomfort, 200 mg and 400 mg doses produced dose-dependent significant improvements in pain, stiffness, and physical function, with effects appearing as early as 14 days. Distinct from PLT's single-ingredient Boswellia products (Dynagenix, ApresFlex).","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"hytolive","name":"Hytolive\u00ae (Olive Fruit Polyphenols / Hydroxytyrosol)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Hytolive\u00ae (PLT Health Solutions) is a natural olive (Olea europaea) fruit polyphenol extract standardized for hydroxytyrosol \u2014 the primary bioactive responsible for extra virgin olive oil's exceptional cardiovascular and antioxidant benefits. Hydroxytyrosol is one of the most potent natural antioxidants known (ORAC value surpassing resveratrol and vitamin C), with an EU-authorized health claim for protecting LDL from oxidative stress. Hytolive\u00ae provides this olive oil benefit in a stable, concentrated supplement form without the calories of olive oil.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"kinexa","name":"Kinexa\u00ae (Joint Longevity Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Kinexa\u00ae (PLT Health Solutions) is a newly launched joint longevity complex (2026) clinically demonstrated to improve musculoskeletal structure for stronger, more resilient joints. Positioned as a next-generation joint health ingredient addressing both joint symptom relief and the underlying structural integrity of joint tissue \u2014 bone, cartilage, and connective tissue \u2014 for long-term joint longevity rather than just temporary comfort.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"nutricog","name":"Nutricog\u00ae (Haritaki + Boswellia Cognitive Performance Complex \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Nutricog\u00ae is PLT Health Solutions' patented cognitive performance complex, a combination of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) and Boswellia (Boswellia serrata) standardized to gallic acid, ellagic acid, and amyrins. Five years in development with partner Laila Nutraceuticals. Backed by a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults aged 40-65 using gold-standard cognitive instruments (RAVLT, CANTAB). Significant improvements across learning, memory, sustained attention, working memory, and executive function, with effects on memory and focus starting early. Health Canada approved for cognitive health claims.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"oxystorm","name":"Oxystorm\u00ae (Red Spinach Nitrate)","latinName":"Amaranthus dubius","shortDescription":"Oxystorm\u00ae (PLT Health Solutions) is a standardized red spinach (Amaranthus dubius) extract providing the highest natural dietary nitrate concentration of any commercially available botanical ingredient \u2014 approximately 9\u00d7 more dietary nitrate than beetroot by weight. Dietary nitrate is reduced to nitric oxide (NO) in vivo via the oral nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, producing sustained vasodilation, improved blood flow, enhanced oxygen delivery to working muscle, and blood pressure reduction with a cleaner taste profile than beetroot powder.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular","Libido Support","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"promunel","name":"PROMUNEL\u00ae (Standardized Propolis for Upper Respiratory \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Apis mellifera (propolis)","shortDescription":"PROMUNEL\u00ae is PLT Health Solutions' standardized poplar-type propolis extract \u2014 manufactured by Italian propolis specialist B Natural using a patented Multi-Dynamic Extraction (M.E.D.\u2122) process that preserves the complete polyphenolic complex. Standardized to six antimicrobially bioactive polyphenols. Distinguished from generic propolis by being clinically studied. The pivotal trial showed PROMUNEL cut about two days off respiratory illness recovery time, with symptom remission in about 83% of users by day 3 (versus placebo). Non-GMO, Halal, Kosher, gluten-free, suitable for vegetarians.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ripfactor","name":"RipFACTOR\u00ae (Botanical Muscle Accelerator)","latinName":"Sphaeranthus indicus / Mangifera indica","shortDescription":"RipFACTOR\u00ae (PLT Health Solutions / Laila Nutraceuticals) is a multi-patented botanical muscle accelerator combining standardized extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus (East Indian Globe Thistle) flower heads and Mangifera indica (Mango Tree) bark in a synergistic ratio. Gold-standard double-blind RCTs confirm RipFACTOR\u00ae increases muscle strength (15% improvement in bench press 1RM at 14 days), muscle size, endurance, and free testosterone \u2014 with subjects at the ultra-performance dose exceeding the strength gains of a placebo group performing twice the exercise volume.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Men's Health","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"spectramune","name":"Spectramune\u00ae (Ashwagandha + Haritaki Immune Defense \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Spectramune\u00ae is PLT Health Solutions' patented synergistic combination of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) for comprehensive immune health. Co-developed with Laila Nutraceuticals through systematic testing of 40 different plants with immune properties. Backed by three clinical trials showing effects across all three pillars of immune defense: innate, cell-mediated, and humoral immunity. Mild-tasting, 70-80% water-soluble, so formats range from capsules to beverages. Clinical doses: 250 mg or 500 mg/day.","categories":["Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"supresa","name":"Supresa\u00ae (Saffron Extract for Appetite & Crave Control \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Ziziphus jujuba / Caralluma fimbriata","shortDescription":"Supresa is PLT Health Solutions' patented saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma extract, clinically optimized and standardized specifically for appetite control. The only saffron-based ingredient with both clinical science and intellectual property in the weight management space. Standardized to safranal (>=0.34%) plus crocin and picrocrocin. Mechanism works via serotonin reuptake inhibition, addressing stress-driven and emotional snacking rather than forced appetite suppression. Featured in Kourtney Kardashian's Lemme GLP-1 Daily. GRAS as saffron extract under 21 CFR 182.20. Clinical dose: 176.5 mg/day.","categories":["Weight Management","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"testfactor","name":"TestFACTOR\u00ae (Testosterone + Sexual Wellness)","latinName":"Sphaeranthus indicus / Mangifera indica","shortDescription":"TestFACTOR\u00ae (PLT Health Solutions) is a multi-patented testosterone and sexual wellness ingredient \u2014 the same Sphaeranthus indicus and Mangifera indica botanical blend as RipFACTOR\u00ae but positioned specifically for men's sexual health, testosterone optimization, and sexual function. Four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies confirm TestFACTOR\u00ae significantly increases free and total testosterone, enhances libido, improves sexual function (desire, frequency, pleasure), reduces fatigue, and improves grip strength \u2014 making it one of the most clinically validated natural testosterone ingredients available.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy","Libido Support","Men's Health","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"vanizem","name":"Vanizem\u00ae (Grains of Paradise Extract for Stress + Mood + Sleep \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Aframomum melegueta","shortDescription":"Vanizem\u00ae is PLT Health Solutions' proprietary extract of Aframomum melegueta (Grains of Paradise) \u2014 a West African botanical from the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Manufactured by Nektium Pharma using proprietary microencapsulation. Standardized to three vanilloids: 6-shogaol, 6-paradol, and 6-gingerol. First and only Aframomum melegueta extract clinically shown to act on the endocannabinoid system (CB2 receptor and FAAH enzyme inhibition). A published clinical trial documented mood, stress, and sleep effects starting within 3 days. Clinical doses: 50-150 mg/day. Considered food in the USA (ODI) and Europe.","categories":["Mood & Mental Health","Sleep Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"zynamite-px","name":"Zynamite\u00ae PX (Mango Leaf Extract for Sports Performance)","latinName":"Mangifera indica","shortDescription":"Zynamite\u00ae PX (PLT Health Solutions / Nektium Pharma) is a patented combination of Zynamite\u00ae mango leaf extract (standardized to >=60% mangiferin) and quercetin, specifically formulated for sports performance applications requiring acute power output, sprint performance, and exercise recovery. Single-dose studies confirm 2.8-3.8% peak power output improvement during repeated sprint exercise, with 10+ published clinical studies across strength, endurance, basketball performance, and exercise-induced muscle damage recovery.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zynamite-s","name":"Zynamite\u00ae S (Non-Stim Mental Energy \u2014 Water Soluble)","latinName":"Mangifera indica","shortDescription":"Zynamite S (PLT Health Solutions / Nektium Pharma) is the water-soluble, beverage-compatible form of Zynamite, a mango leaf extract (Mangifera indica) standardized to >=60% mangiferin, developed for mental energy, cognitive performance, and mood without stimulant activity. Two published clinical studies (88+ subjects combined) report that Zynamite S at 100-150 mg produces measurable cognitive benefits within 30 minutes: faster information processing, improved mood, reduced fatigue, and better complex task performance, all without caffeine or traditional stimulants.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zumxr","name":"z\u00fcmXR\u00ae (Targeted-Release Caffeine Technology \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"z\u00fcmXR\u00ae is PLT Health Solutions' patented targeted-release caffeine technology \u2014 engineered to deliver sustained energy without the spike, crash, and side effects (jitters, anxiety) of immediate-release caffeine. Available in three forms: Extended Release (ER), Delayed Release (DR), and Liquid-Stable (for beverages). Uses pharmaceutical-grade delivery system technology \u2014 a semi-permeable matrix (ER) or pH-activated coating (DR). Clinical pharmacokinetic data: ER delivers \u226455% caffeine at 1 hour vs 100% for IR caffeine, with \u226580% delivered by 6 hours. Validated with COA-guaranteed dissolution profile per batch.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"astragin","name":"AstraGin\u00ae (Nutrient Absorption Enhancer)","latinName":"Astragalus membranaceus / Panax notoginseng","shortDescription":"AstraGin\u00ae (NuLiv Science) is the most widely used patented nutrient absorption enhancer in the supplement industry, a synergistic extract of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng saponins found in hundreds of supplements globally. Over 20 studies (in vitro, preclinical, and human) demonstrate AstraGin\u00ae increases the absorption of amino acids, peptides, fatty acids, vitamins, creatine, citrulline, and curcumin by upregulating intestinal transporter protein expression. Human RCT evidence confirms AstraGin\u00ae enhances whey protein amino acid absorption and improves muscle function across all age groups.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"innoslim","name":"InnoSlim\u00ae (Stimulant-Free Fat Burning)","latinName":"Astragalus membranaceus / Panax notoginseng","shortDescription":"InnoSlim\u00ae (NuLiv Science) is a patented, stimulant-free fat loss and metabolic health ingredient \u2014 the same Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng combination as AstraGin\u00ae but with a different astragaloside/ginsenoside ratio optimized for glucose and fat metabolism rather than absorption enhancement. InnoSlim\u00ae reduces intestinal glucose absorption, activates AMPK in fat and muscle cells, and elevates adiponectin \u2014 producing fat loss, improved insulin sensitivity, and metabolic benefits without any stimulant activity.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"noolvl","name":"nooLVL\u00ae (Inositol-Enhanced Arginine for Gaming & Cognition)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"nooLVL\u00ae (Nutrition21) is a patented, non-stimulant cognitive performance ingredient specifically designed and clinically tested on gamers \u2014 inositol-stabilized arginine silicate that improves blood flow, nitric oxide production, and cognitive function for gaming and general mental performance without any caffeine or traditional stimulants. Two small industry-funded, double-blind placebo-controlled trials in gamers reported improvements mainly in reaction time and error rates \u2014 largely after about 60 minutes of gameplay \u2014 versus placebo, while several attention and executive-function measures were unchanged.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"chromax","name":"Chromax\u00ae (Chromium Picolinate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chromax\u00ae (Nutrition21) is the most clinically studied form of chromium \u2014 chromium picolinate \u2014 with over 35 human clinical studies supporting insulin sensitivity improvement, blood glucose management, appetite control, and body composition. Chromium is an essential trace mineral required for normal insulin receptor signaling, and chromium picolinate (Chromax\u00ae) provides superior bioavailability vs. other chromium forms. Chromax\u00ae has been shown to reduce carbohydrate cravings, improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant individuals, and support lean body mass maintenance during weight loss.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"peptistrong","name":"PeptiStrong\u00ae (AI-Discovered Fava Bean Peptides)","latinName":"Vicia faba","shortDescription":"PeptiStrong\u00ae (Nuritas) is a breakthrough ingredient discovered through artificial intelligence \u2014 a natural peptide network extracted from fava beans (Vicia faba) that activates mTORC1 for muscle protein synthesis, inhibits myostatin (the muscle growth brake), and generates beneficial myokines. Three human clinical trials confirm PeptiStrong\u00ae improves muscle recovery, strength, protein utilization, and endurance. As the first commercially available AI-discovered supplement ingredient, PeptiStrong\u00ae represents a new paradigm in ingredient R&D where machine learning identifies bioactive peptides in natural sources that would be impossible to find through conventional research.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"maltor","name":"MalTor\u2122 (Taurine + L-Malic Acid Recovery Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MalTor\u2122 (NutriScience Innovations) is a patent-pending complex combining taurine and L-malic acid in a synergistic formulation specifically designed for exercise recovery and mitochondrial energy support. By pairing taurine's muscle membrane stabilization and antioxidant activity with L-malic acid's direct role as a TCA cycle substrate, MalTor\u2122 addresses recovery from two complementary angles: cellular energy restoration (malic acid) and protection against exercise-induced oxidative damage and muscle cell disruption (taurine).","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"effera","name":"effera\u00ae (Human-Identical Lactoferrin)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"effera\u00ae (Helaina) is the world's first commercially available human-identical lactoferrin ingredient \u2014 produced through precision yeast fermentation to be structurally identical to the lactoferrin in human breast milk, rather than the bovine lactoferrin (from cow's milk) found in all other lactoferrin supplements. Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein with broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antiviral, immune-modulating, and iron-binding activity. Bovine and human lactoferrin share ~69% amino acid sequence homology \u2014 effera\u00ae's human-identical structure eliminates the allergenic potential and immune recognition differences that limit bovine lactoferrin's efficacy.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ecklonia-cava","name":"Ecklonia Cava (Brown Seaweed Polyphenol)","latinName":"Ecklonia cava","shortDescription":"Ecklonia cava is a species of brown kelp seaweed native to the Pacific Ocean coasts of Japan and Korea that contains a unique class of polyphenols \u2014 phlorotannins \u2014 found exclusively in marine algae and not present in any terrestrial plant. The primary phlorotannin, eckol, and its related compounds demonstrate potent antioxidant activity (exceeding terrestrial plant polyphenols), metabolic benefits (fat oxidation, glucose management), neuroprotective effects, and anti-inflammatory activity. Nootropics Depot's Ecklonia Cava supplement represents one of the most rigorously quality-controlled ecklonia products after a six-year development process.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cognitive","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"gremin","name":"Gremin\u2122 (Green Coffee + Curcumin BioFusion Complex)","latinName":"Coffea arabica / Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Gremin\u2122 is a patent-pending combination of green coffee extract (standardized for chlorogenic acid) and curcumin (standardized for curcuminoids) utilizing proprietary BioFusion Technology to simultaneously solve two of the supplement industry's most challenging bioavailability problems \u2014 chlorogenic acid's instability and curcumin's notoriously poor absorption. Clinical studies confirm significant improvements in muscle recovery, exercise endurance, and pain reduction with Gremin\u2122 vs. placebo, with the BioFusion delivery system achieving bioavailability not possible with standard green coffee or curcumin extracts alone.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"venetron","name":"Venetron\u00ae (Rafuma / Apocynum venetum Mood & Sleep)","latinName":"Apocynum venetum","shortDescription":"Venetron\u00ae (Tokiwa Phytochemical) is a standardized extract of Apocynum venetum (Luobuma/Rafuma) leaves \u2014 a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for over 2,000 years for hypertension, anxiety, and insomnia. Venetron\u00ae is standardized for hyperoside and isoquercitrin, flavonoids that demonstrate potent serotonin reuptake inhibiting (SSRI-like) and anxiolytic properties through 5-HT1A receptor modulation \u2014 producing natural mood improvement, stress relief, and sleep quality enhancement without the side effects of pharmaceutical SSRIs or benzodiazepines.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"gbb","name":"GBB (Gamma-Butyrobetaine / 'Super Carnitine')","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GBB (gamma-butyrobetaine, also called gamma-butyrobetaine ethyl ester in supplement form) is the direct metabolic precursor to L-carnitine in human biosynthesis \u2014 earning it the 'super carnitine' nickname because supplemental GBB causes the body to produce more L-carnitine endogenously rather than providing carnitine directly. GBB is converted to L-carnitine by the enzyme gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBH), dramatically elevating plasma L-carnitine levels. GBB also increases trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and causes an intense thermogenic sweating response that makes it distinctive among fat loss ingredients.","categories":["Weight Management","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ecdysterone","name":"Ecdysterone / Turkesterone (Ecdysteroid Anabolics)","latinName":"Spinacia oleracea / Ajuga turkestanica / Cyanotis vaga","shortDescription":"Ecdysterone (beta-ecdysterone / 20-hydroxyecdysone) and turkesterone are plant-derived ecdysteroids \u2014 steroid hormones in insects and plants with structural similarity to testosterone but completely different receptor binding profiles. Rather than activating androgen receptors, ecdysteroids stimulate muscle protein synthesis through estrogen receptor beta (ER\u03b2) binding and direct mTOR/MAPK pathway activation. Human evidence is limited and mixed: one contested RCT (Isenmann 2019) reported greater lean-mass gains with ecdysterone, but two other human trials (Wilborn 2006 and Dissemond 2025) found no significant benefit over placebo. Turkesterone specifically has no human trials \u2014 its muscle and anabolic claims rest on mechanistic and marketing extrapolation from ecdysterone. Ecdysteroids are on WADA's monitoring program.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"urolithin-a","name":"Urolithin A","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Urolithin A is a postbiotic compound \u2014 a metabolite produced when gut bacteria convert ellagitannins (found in pomegranates, walnuts, raspberries, and other plant foods) in the colon. Discovered as the bioactive metabolite responsible for many of pomegranate's health benefits, urolithin A has emerged as a longevity and mitochondrial health target in its own right. The most-researched mechanism is mitophagy induction \u2014 the cellular cleanup process that removes damaged mitochondria and supports mitochondrial renewal. Critical practical issue: only roughly 30-40% of people are 'high urolithin producers' \u2014 meaning most users won't generate meaningful urolithin A from dietary ellagitannins alone. Direct urolithin A supplementation bypasses this conversion variability. Clinical evidence (still building) supports mitochondrial function, muscle strength preservation in aging, and exercise performance benefits. Effective doses: 500-1,000 mg/day direct urolithin A supplementation. Mitopure\u00ae (Amazentis) is essentially the only validated commercial source. The honest framing: mechanistically interesting and well-positioned for the longevity space; clinical evidence is emerging but smaller than mature supplements; cost is significant given the manufacturing complexity.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Energy","Longevity","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"epicatechin","name":"Epicatechin (Myostatin Inhibitor / Muscle Flavonol)","latinName":"Theobroma cacao / Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"Epicatechin is a flavan-3-ol flavonoid found primarily in dark chocolate (Theobroma cacao), green tea, and certain fruits. It is the most anabolically interesting of the cocoa flavanols \u2014 demonstrating myostatin inhibition, follistatin elevation, and direct mTOR-independent muscle protein synthesis stimulation in human studies. Combined with its cardiovascular benefits (eNOS activation, NO production), epicatechin occupies a unique position as both a muscle-building ingredient and a cardiovascular health compound from the same natural food source.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"laxogenin","name":"Laxogenin (5-Alpha-Hydroxy Laxogenin Plant Steroid)","latinName":"Smilax sieboldii / Hintonia latiflora","shortDescription":"Laxogenin (5-alpha-hydroxy laxogenin) is a plant-derived spirostanol steroidal saponin found in the rhizome of Smilax sieboldii and related plants. It is marketed as a 'plant-based anabolic' due to its structural similarity to brassinosteroids \u2014 plant growth hormones that demonstrate protein synthesis stimulating activity in preliminary studies. Unlike synthetic anabolic steroids or prohormones, laxogenin does not convert to testosterone, DHT, or estrogen and does not appear to affect endogenous hormone levels \u2014 making it appealing for natural athletes seeking muscle-building support.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"astrion","name":"Astrion\u00ae (NuLiv Science Beauty-From-Within)","latinName":"Astragalus membranaceus / Panax notoginseng","shortDescription":"Astrion\u00ae (NuLiv Science) is marketed to support skin hydration, elasticity, and anti-aging via its Astragalus/notoginseng saponin profile. Current evidence is preliminary \u2014 in-vitro cell studies of the component botanicals plus a non-PubMed-indexed topical study of a related blend; no oral human efficacy trial of Astrion has been published.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"nitratene","name":"Nitratene\u00ae (Stabilized Beet Root Nitrate)","latinName":"Beta vulgaris","shortDescription":"Nitratene\u00ae is a branded, stabilized beet root (Beta vulgaris) extract standardized for dietary nitrate content \u2014 providing a consistent, potent source of inorganic nitrate for the dietary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway. While functionally similar to Oxystorm\u00ae (red spinach nitrate), Nitratene\u00ae uses beet root as its botanical source, offering the added advantage of beet-specific polyphenols (betaine, betanin) alongside the nitrate content. The stabilization technology ensures consistent nitrate content and prevents nitrate loss during manufacturing and storage.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"magtein","name":"Magtein\u00ae (Magnesium L-Threonate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magtein\u00ae (ThreoTech / AIDP) is a patented form of magnesium L-threonate \u2014 the only magnesium compound clinically demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier and significantly increase brain magnesium concentrations. While other magnesium forms (glycinate, citrate, oxide) improve systemic magnesium status, only the L-threonate ligand in Magtein\u00ae acts via glucose transporters to selectively elevate magnesium in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue. Multiple double-blind RCTs confirm Magtein\u00ae improves working memory, cognitive performance, cognitive age, reaction time, and sleep quality at 2g/day.","categories":["Cognitive","Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sea-moss","name":"Sea Moss (Irish Moss / Gracilaria)","latinName":"Chondrus crispus / Gracilaria spp.","shortDescription":"Sea moss \u2014 primarily Chondrus crispus (Irish moss) or Gracilaria species \u2014 is a red-purple marine algae that has experienced explosive consumer demand driven by social media wellness culture. It provides a dense micronutrient profile (92 of the 102 minerals the body requires, including iodine, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium), prebiotic carrageenan-type polysaccharides for gut health, and natural thickening properties for functional foods and beverages. While traditional use has millennia of history, modern clinical evidence is still emerging.","categories":["Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"shoden","name":"Shoden\u00ae (35% Withanolide Glycoside Ashwagandha)","latinName":"Withania somnifera","shortDescription":"Shoden\u00ae (Arjuna Natural) is the world's highest-potency standardized ashwagandha extract \u2014 standardized to \u226535% withanolide glycosides via a patented water-alcohol extraction process, compared to 2.5\u20135% withanolides in KSM-66\u00ae and other commercial extracts. This 7\u201314\u00d7 higher withanolide glycoside concentration enables clinically significant stress, anxiety, and cortisol reduction at dramatically lower doses (60\u2013120 mg/day vs. 300\u2013600 mg/day for other extracts). Backed by manufacturer-cited studies and patents (independent Shoden\u00ae-specific human trials remain limited), Shoden\u00ae is a highly bioavailable ashwagandha extract with EU novel food application pending and RCT-confirmed benefits at just 60 mg/day.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Men's Health","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"pepzingi","name":"PepZinGI\u00ae (Zinc-Carnosine for Gut Lining)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PepZinGI\u00ae (NutriScience Innovations) is a unique chelate of zinc and L-carnosine in a 1:1 molar ratio \u2014 creating a stable complex that selectively adheres to gastric and intestinal mucosal tissue, providing sustained zinc and carnosine release directly to the gut lining where it exerts its protective, healing, and anti-inflammatory effects. Unlike zinc supplements that transit quickly through the GI tract, PepZinGI\u00ae has a high affinity for the mucosal epithelium, enabling concentrated local action for leaky gut repair, heartburn relief, H. pylori inhibition, and gut barrier maintenance.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"k2quest","name":"K2Quest\u00ae (Fermentation-Derived Vitamin K2 MK-7)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"K2Quest\u00ae (NutriScience Innovations) is a high-purity Vitamin K2 as menaquinone-7 (MK-7) produced through microbial fermentation \u2014 the long-chain form of K2 with the longest plasma half-life (~3 days vs. ~1 hour for MK-4) and highest bioavailability among all K2 forms. Vitamin K2 MK-7 activates both osteocalcin (directing calcium into bones) and matrix Gla protein (preventing calcium from depositing in arteries) \u2014 making it the critical link between calcium supplementation, bone density, and cardiovascular safety. K2Quest\u00ae also supports PMS symptom management through progesterone modulation.","categories":["Bone Health","Cardiovascular","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"lactospore","name":"LactoSpore\u00ae (Heat-Stable Bacillus coagulans Probiotic)","latinName":"Bacillus coagulans","shortDescription":"LactoSpore\u00ae (Sabinsa Corporation) is a patented, spore-forming lactic acid-producing Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 probiotic \u2014 one of the most clinically studied and commercially deployed probiotic strains globally. Unlike fragile Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium species that require refrigeration and are largely destroyed by stomach acid, LactoSpore\u00ae produces heat-resistant endospores that survive manufacturing, shelf storage at room temperature, and gastric transit \u2014 germinating only when they reach the neutral-pH intestinal environment. Over 14 human clinical studies confirm LactoSpore\u00ae efficacy for IBS, gut health, immune support, and diarrhea management.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"forslean","name":"ForsLean\u00ae (Coleus forskohlii / Forskolin)","latinName":"Coleus forskohlii","shortDescription":"ForsLean\u00ae (Sabinsa Corporation) is a patented, standardized extract of Coleus forskohlii root providing 10% forskolin \u2014 the diterpene compound that directly activates adenylyl cyclase to elevate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). Elevated cAMP is the master metabolic signaling molecule that can raise cAMP in fat, thyroid, and muscle cells in laboratory studies, though in human trials these signals have not translated into weight loss. In two double-blind human RCTs, forskolin did not reduce body weight. A single small (n=30), industry-funded trial in overweight men reported favorable body-composition changes (lower fat mass, higher lean mass); these have not been independently replicated, and a separate trial in women found no weight loss.","categories":["Weight Management","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"curcumin-c3","name":"Curcumin C3 Complex\u00ae (Most Studied Curcumin Extract)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Curcumin C3 Complex\u00ae (Sabinsa Corporation) is the most extensively studied curcumin ingredient globally \u2014 a standardized Curcuma longa extract providing the 3-curcuminoid ratio found naturally in turmeric root: curcumin (75\u201380%), demethoxycurcumin (15\u201320%), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (2.5\u20135%). With over 80 published studies and a robust safety and efficacy dossier supporting FDA GRAS status and health claims in multiple markets, C3 Complex\u00ae is the reference curcumin against which newer curcumin forms are benchmarked. Typically combined with BioPerine\u00ae piperine for 20\u00d7 bioavailability enhancement.","categories":["Antioxidant","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"q-actin","name":"Q-Actin\u00ae (Cucumber Extract for Joint Pain)","latinName":"Cucumis sativus","shortDescription":"Q-Actin\u00ae is a standardized cucumber (Cucumis sativus) extract studied for joint comfort and mobility at a remarkably low dose of 20 mg/day \u2014 making it one of the most dose-efficient joint health ingredients available. An 8-week clinical study confirmed Q-Actin\u00ae significantly reduces mild-to-moderate joint pain and supports mobility at this minimal dose, attributed to cucumber's unique phytonutrient profile including cucurbitacins, caffeic acid, and plant sterols with anti-inflammatory activity.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"calanus-oil","name":"Calanus\u00ae Oil (Arctic Zooplankton Omega-3 Wax Esters)","latinName":"Calanus finmarchicus","shortDescription":"Calanus\u00ae Oil (Zooca / Aker BioMarine) is a unique omega-3 rich oil from the Arctic copepod Calanus finmarchicus \u2014 providing long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and SPA \u2014 stearidonic acid) in a rare wax ester rather than triglyceride form. Unlike fish oil or krill oil triglycerides, wax ester-bound omega-3s are absorbed differently and may provide prolonged delivery, unique metabolic effects, and sustainable harvesting advantages. Clinical research shows Calanus\u00ae Oil improves heart function, diastolic blood pressure, and metabolic markers in women with metabolic risk.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"zensera","name":"Zensera\u2122 (Stress-Cognitive Ingredient by Givaudan)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zensera\u2122 (Givaudan Active Beauty) is a novel botanical-derived ingredient clinically demonstrated to provide same-day cognitive and emotional balance benefits under stress \u2014 confirmed in a 2025 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Zensera\u2122 targets the increasingly recognized connection between stress resilience and cognitive performance, providing both acute (same-day) and longer-term benefits for mental clarity, emotional balance, and stress management through a proprietary botanical extract.","categories":["Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"lactobacillus-rhamnosus-gg","name":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)","latinName":"Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG","shortDescription":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG; ATCC 53103) is the most clinically studied probiotic strain in the world, with over 1,000 published trials since its 1985 isolation. Distinguished by SpaCBA pili enabling exceptional intestinal adherence and a secreted p40 protein with epithelial-protective activity. The evidence base is large but mixed: strong support for antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention and nosocomial infection prevention, but two large 2018 trials showed NO benefit for acute pediatric gastroenteritis \u2014 leading recent guidelines to weaken the AGE recommendation. Honest framing of evolving evidence required.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"saccharomyces-boulardii","name":"Saccharomyces boulardii","latinName":"Saccharomyces boulardii (CNCM I-745, formerly classified as S. cerevisiae var. boulardii)","shortDescription":"Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast probiotic isolated from lychee and mangosteen fruit in Indochina by French scientist Henri Boulard in 1923. Unlike bacterial probiotics, S. boulardii is naturally resistant to antibiotics, allowing it to be taken concurrently during antibiotic therapy without being killed. It is the only yeast probiotic with extensive clinical evidence and is one of only two probiotics formally recommended by ESPGHAN for pediatric acute gastroenteritis. Approved as a prescription medication in over 100 countries (sold as Florastor\u00ae, Yomogi\u00ae, Ultra-Levure\u00ae).","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bifidobacterium-lactis","name":"Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12 / HN019)","latinName":"Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis","shortDescription":"Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is one of the two most-studied probiotic strains globally (along with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG). Two specific strains dominate the clinical literature: BB-12 (developed by Chr. Hansen, used in Activia\u00ae yogurt) and HN019 (developed by Fonterra/DuPont, marketed as HOWARU\u00ae Bifido). Naturally resistant to acid and bile, B. lactis colonizes the small and large intestine where it ferments dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids, supports immune function, and improves bowel regularity.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactobacillus-plantarum","name":"Lactobacillus plantarum","latinName":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum","shortDescription":"Lactobacillus plantarum is a versatile lactic acid bacterium found naturally in fermented vegetables (sauerkraut, kimchi, pickles), dairy, and the human GI tract. Among the most metabolically diverse probiotics, L. plantarum has the largest genome of any Lactobacillus species (~3.3 Mb), giving it exceptional adaptability and survival in diverse environments. Particularly notable for emerging weight management evidence: a 2024 meta-analysis of 9 RCTs found L. plantarum supplementation significantly reduced BMI and body weight in overweight adults. Most-studied strains include 299v (DSM 9843), L. plantarum WCFS1, and PS128.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support","Weight Management","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactobacillus-acidophilus","name":"Lactobacillus acidophilus","latinName":"Lactobacillus acidophilus","shortDescription":"Lactobacillus acidophilus is the most well-known probiotic species, found in yogurt, kefir, and most commercial probiotic blends. Its name means 'acid-loving' (Latin: acidum + Greek: philos), reflecting its ability to thrive in acidic environments and produce significant lactic acid. Naturally inhabits the small intestine, mouth, and vagina. Best-studied for lactose intolerance support, vaginal health (urogenital probiotic effects), and IBS. Common branded strains include NCFM (developed by DuPont/IFF), La-5 (Chr. Hansen), and CL1285 (Lallemand).","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactobacillus-gasseri","name":"Lactobacillus gasseri","latinName":"Lactobacillus gasseri","shortDescription":"Lactobacillus gasseri is a lactic acid bacterium native to the human gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and breast milk. It has emerged as the probiotic species with the strongest direct clinical evidence for reducing visceral (abdominal) fat \u2014 the most metabolically dangerous body fat. Multiple RCTs in Japanese populations using strain SBT2055 demonstrated significant reductions in CT-measured visceral fat area, body weight, and waist circumference. Other notable strains include BNR17 (weight loss), CECT5714 (infant colic), and KS-13 (women's health).","categories":["Gut Health","Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bifidobacterium-longum","name":"Bifidobacterium longum","latinName":"Bifidobacterium longum","shortDescription":"Bifidobacterium longum is one of the most abundant probiotic species in the healthy adult gut microbiome and the dominant Bifidobacterium in breastfed infant guts. Notable for its 'psychobiotic' effects \u2014 clinical evidence supporting reductions in anxiety, stress, and depression via gut-brain axis signaling. The 1714 strain (developed by Alimentary Health, Cork, Ireland) is the most-studied 'psychobiotic' worldwide, with multiple RCTs showing improvements in stress reactivity, sleep, and emotional processing. Other notable strains: BB536 (immune/allergy), 35624 (IBS), and Reuter (longevity-associated).","categories":["Gut Health","Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactobacillus-reuteri","name":"Lactobacillus reuteri","latinName":"Limosilactobacillus reuteri","shortDescription":"Lactobacillus reuteri is a heterofermentative probiotic naturally found in the GI tract, oral cavity, and breast milk of mammals. Notable for unique production of reuterin \u2014 a broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound. Different strains target distinct health conditions: DSM 17938 for infant colic and pediatric diarrhea, NCIMB 30242 for cholesterol, ATCC PTA 5289 for oral health, and emerging research on RC-14 for women's urogenital health and DSM 17938 for testosterone elevation in men.","categories":["Gut Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bacillus-subtilis","name":"Bacillus subtilis","latinName":"Bacillus subtilis","shortDescription":"Bacillus subtilis is a spore-forming probiotic \u2014 meaning it survives in dormant spore form through stomach acid, heat, and shelf storage, only germinating to active form in the small intestine. This shelf stability makes it ideal for non-refrigerated supplements. Unlike Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, Bacillus probiotics are transient (don't permanently colonize) but exert beneficial effects during their gut transit. Notable for surfactin and bacillaene production (broad-spectrum antimicrobials), digestive enzyme secretion, and immune training. Common branded strains include DE111\u00ae (Deerland) and Bacillus subtilis HU58 (Microbiome Labs).","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lactobacillus-casei","name":"Lactobacillus casei","latinName":"Lacticaseibacillus casei","shortDescription":"Lactobacillus casei is one of the most commercially recognizable probiotic species \u2014 best known as the strain in Yakult\u00ae (L. casei Shirota / LcS), a fermented milk drink consumed daily by tens of millions globally since 1935. Other notable strains include DN-114 001 (Actimel/Danactive), CRL 431 (Chr. Hansen), and CL1285 (Bio-K+). L. casei is closely related to L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus; some strain names may be reclassified between these species. Strong evidence for immune support, antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention, and emerging psychobiotic effects.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"streptococcus-salivarius","name":"Streptococcus salivarius","latinName":"Streptococcus salivarius","shortDescription":"Streptococcus salivarius is a non-pathogenic oral cavity probiotic \u2014 distinctly different from gut probiotics in delivery (lozenges vs. capsules) and target tissue (mouth, throat). Two specific strains dominate clinical research: K12 (BLIS K12\u00ae) for sore throat and bad breath prevention, and M18 (BLIS M18\u00ae) for dental caries reduction. Both strains produce salivaricins (bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances or BLIS) that suppress pathogenic streptococci including Group A Strep and Streptococcus mutans (caries-causing bacteria). Recommended in pediatric and ENT contexts for recurrent throat and dental conditions.","categories":["Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactase","name":"Lactase (\u03b2-Galactosidase)","latinName":"Lactase / \u03b2-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.108)","shortDescription":"Lactase is a digestive enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose, the two simple sugars the body can absorb directly. Approximately 65\u201370% of the global adult population produces insufficient lactase after weaning (lactase non-persistence), with prevalence reaching 90%+ in East Asian, African, Native American, and Middle Eastern populations. Supplemental lactase is typically derived from the yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis or Aspergillus oryzae and provides reliable, rapid relief from lactose intolerance symptoms when taken with dairy. The active ingredient in Lactaid\u00ae brand products and most lactose-intolerance supplements.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"alpha-galactosidase","name":"Alpha-Galactosidase","latinName":"\u03b1-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22)","shortDescription":"Alpha-galactosidase is the active enzyme in Beano\u00ae and similar gas-prevention supplements. It hydrolyzes the \u03b1-1,6 galactosyl bonds in raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose \u2014 complex oligosaccharides found in beans, lentils, peas, and cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts) that humans cannot digest. Without supplementation, these sugars reach the colon undigested where bacteria ferment them, producing the gas, bloating, and discomfort associated with these foods. Most commercially available alpha-galactosidase is derived from the food-grade fungus Aspergillus niger.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pancrelipase","name":"Pancrelipase / Pancreatin","latinName":"Pancrelipase (USP); Pancreatin (porcine pancreatic enzyme blend)","shortDescription":"Pancrelipase (also called pancreatin) is a standardized blend of three primary pancreatic enzymes \u2014 lipase, protease, and amylase \u2014 typically derived from porcine (pig) pancreas. Available as both prescription FDA-approved Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT) products (Creon\u00ae, Zenpep\u00ae, Pertzye\u00ae, Pancreaze\u00ae, Viokace\u00ae) for treating pancreatic insufficiency, and as lower-strength OTC supplements for general digestive support. Considered the gold standard enzyme blend with decades of clinical evidence in cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, and post-pancreatic surgery patients.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"protease","name":"Protease (Proteolytic Enzymes)","latinName":"Protease blend (typically Aspergillus oryzae/niger-derived; includes neutral, acid, and alkaline proteases)","shortDescription":"Proteases (also called proteolytic enzymes or peptidases) are enzymes that hydrolyze proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. Supplemental proteases include plant-derived (bromelain from pineapple, papain from papaya), microbial (Aspergillus, Bacillus), and animal-derived (pancreatic chymotrypsin, trypsin) varieties. Beyond digestive support, high-dose oral proteolytic enzyme blends (Wobenzym\u00ae, Wobe-Mugos\u00ae) have a long history of European use for systemic support, though modern controlled trials have been mixed and often negative \u2014 applications that go beyond traditional 'digestive aid' use.","categories":["Gut Health","Muscle & Recovery","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lipase","name":"Lipase","latinName":"Lipase / triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3)","shortDescription":"Lipase is the enzyme responsible for digesting dietary fats \u2014 hydrolyzing triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides that the small intestine can absorb. Endogenous lipases include lingual lipase, gastric lipase, and pancreatic lipase (the predominant fat-digesting enzyme in healthy individuals). Supplemental lipase is typically derived from microbial sources (Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Candida rugosa) or porcine pancreas. Most clinically important for individuals with reduced fat digestion capacity: pancreatic insufficiency, post-cholecystectomy patients, those on weight-loss medications affecting fat absorption (orlistat), or individuals consuming very high-fat ketogenic/keto diets.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"amylase","name":"Amylase","latinName":"Alpha-amylase / 1,4-\u03b1-D-glucan glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.1)","shortDescription":"Amylase is the enzyme that initiates carbohydrate digestion by hydrolyzing complex starches (amylose and amylopectin) into smaller saccharides (maltose, maltotriose, dextrins). Humans produce amylase in two main locations: salivary glands (ptyalin/salivary amylase begins starch digestion in the mouth) and pancreas (pancreatic amylase, the primary digestive amylase, acts in the small intestine). Supplemental amylase is typically derived from microbial sources (Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis) or animal pancreas. Most clinically valuable as part of pancreatic enzyme replacement (PERT) blends; standalone amylase supplementation has more limited clinical evidence than lipase or protease alone.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"papain","name":"Papain","latinName":"Papain (EC 3.4.22.2) \u2014 from Carica papaya latex","shortDescription":"Papain is a proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzyme extracted from the latex of unripe papaya fruit. Used commercially as a meat tenderizer, papain is also an established supplement for digestive support and post-surgical recovery. Mechanistically similar to bromelain (papaya's pineapple counterpart), papain has broad protease activity with only preliminary human evidence for systemic effects taken orally \u2014 and importantly, the oral human trials are of multi-enzyme combination products (papain together with bromelain and pancreatin), not papain on its own. Often combined with bromelain, pancreatin, and other proteases in 'systemic enzyme therapy' formulations like Wobenzym\u00ae.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"dpp-iv","name":"DPP-IV (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV)","latinName":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV / DPP-IV (EC 3.4.14.5)","shortDescription":"DPP-IV (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV) is a specialized peptidase enzyme that breaks down proline-rich peptide sequences \u2014 most notably the gluten-derived peptides responsible for non-celiac gluten sensitivity reactions and the casein-derived peptides implicated in dairy sensitivity. Supplemental DPP-IV (typically derived from Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus niger) has emerged as an evidence-supported tool for individuals with non-celiac gluten or casein sensitivity who occasionally encounter accidental exposure. Note: DPP-IV is not a substitute for a strict gluten-free diet in celiac disease and does not prevent autoimmune intestinal damage in true celiac patients.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cellulase","name":"Cellulase","latinName":"Cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) and related cellulolytic enzymes","shortDescription":"Cellulase is a fungal- or bacteria-derived enzyme that hydrolyzes cellulose \u2014 the primary structural carbohydrate in plant cell walls. Humans do not produce cellulase endogenously, which is why we cannot digest cellulose-rich plant fiber (the cellulose passes to the colon for partial fermentation by gut bacteria or excretion). Supplemental cellulase (typically from Aspergillus niger or Trichoderma reesei) helps break down plant cell walls in raw vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, and high-fiber foods, releasing trapped nutrients and reducing bloating/gas in fiber-sensitive individuals. Particularly valuable for vegetarians/vegans, raw food enthusiasts, and individuals on high-fiber diets.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"phytase","name":"Phytase","latinName":"Phytase / myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.8/26)","shortDescription":"Phytase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phytic acid (phytate / inositol hexaphosphate) \u2014 a major mineral-binding 'antinutrient' found in grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. Phytate binds calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, and other essential minerals, preventing their absorption. Humans produce minimal endogenous phytase, making us particularly susceptible to phytate-induced mineral deficiencies on grain-heavy diets. Plant-based eaters, vegetarians, and individuals consuming large amounts of whole grains or legumes can benefit significantly from supplemental phytase, which liberates bound minerals for absorption.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"fructan-hydrolase","name":"Fructan Hydrolase (FODMAP-Targeted)","latinName":"Fructan hydrolase / inulinase (EC 3.2.1.7)","shortDescription":"Fructan hydrolase (also called inulinase) is a specialized enzyme that breaks down fructans \u2014 the primary FODMAP carbohydrate responsible for many IBS symptoms. Fructans are found in wheat, onions, garlic, leeks, asparagus, artichokes, and certain other plants. They are short-chain fructose polymers that humans cannot digest, causing bloating, gas, and abdominal pain in FODMAP-sensitive individuals (50\u201380% of IBS patients). Fructan hydrolase is the active enzyme in FODZYME\u00ae (the most-clinically-studied FODMAP-targeted enzyme), released in 2021. Allows FODMAP-sensitive individuals to enjoy fructan-containing foods without requiring strict low-FODMAP elimination.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"betaine-hcl-pepsin","name":"Betaine HCl / Pepsin","latinName":"Betaine hydrochloride + Pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1)","shortDescription":"Betaine HCl (betaine hydrochloride) and pepsin are commonly combined as a 'stomach acid support' supplement for individuals with hypochlorhydria (low stomach acid). Betaine HCl temporarily lowers stomach pH to support protein digestion and enzyme activation; pepsin is the primary stomach protease that initiates protein breakdown. Together they replicate normal stomach acidity for individuals with reduced HCl production \u2014 common in older adults, long-term PPI users, those with autoimmune gastritis, or H. pylori-related atrophic gastritis. Important: this is a complex intervention with risks and benefits, and should be approached carefully \u2014 this is not recommended for individuals with active or history of peptic ulcer disease or GERD.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"glucose-dextrose","name":"Glucose / Dextrose","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Glucose (also called dextrose in its pure crystalline form) is the body's primary fuel sugar and a foundational component of evidence-based hydration solutions. While often viewed only as 'sugar,' glucose plays an irreplaceable physiological role in fluid absorption: it activates the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) in the small intestine, which drags both sodium and water across the gut wall \u2014 the mechanism behind the World Health Organization's Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), credited with saving tens of millions of lives from dehydration. In sports drinks, glucose serves the dual role of providing exercise fuel (4 kcal/g) and accelerating fluid uptake. Dextrose is glucose in its anhydrous crystalline form, used as the supplement-grade ingredient for sports nutrition and rapid carbohydrate replenishment.","categories":["Hydration","Athletic Performance","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"coconut-water","name":"Coconut Water","latinName":"Cocos nucifera","shortDescription":"Coconut water is the clear fluid found inside young coconuts (Cocos nucifera) \u2014 a natural electrolyte beverage containing potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, and naturally occurring sugars. It has been used for generations as a tropical hydration drink and has clinically documented use as an oral rehydration aid in cases of diarrhea-induced dehydration. With approximately 600 mg potassium per cup (8 oz) \u2014 more than a banana \u2014 coconut water is one of the most potassium-rich natural beverages available, making it a popular alternative to manufactured sports drinks for moderate-intensity exercise hydration. Multiple randomized cross-over trials have shown coconut water provides rehydration efficacy comparable to commercial carbohydrate-electrolyte sports drinks following exercise-induced fluid loss.","categories":["Hydration","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bifidobacterium-breve","name":"Bifidobacterium breve","latinName":"Bifidobacterium breve","shortDescription":"Bifidobacterium breve is a Gram-positive, anaerobic probiotic species naturally abundant in the gut microbiome of breastfed infants \u2014 typically the dominant Bifidobacterium during the first months of life. The most-studied commercial strain, B. breve M-16V (Morinaga Milk Industry), has been studied in hospital and pediatric settings under medical supervision, including trials examining preterm infant health, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), atopic dermatitis, and food allergy in infants. These are clinician-directed clinical uses studied under supervision, not consumer supplement benefits. B. breve produces short-chain fatty acids (acetate, lactate), modulates Th1/Th2 immune balance, and helps establish a healthy gut microbiome during early development. Adult applications include immune support and emerging neurological research in cognition and mood.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bifidobacterium-bifidum","name":"Bifidobacterium bifidum","latinName":"Bifidobacterium bifidum","shortDescription":"Bifidobacterium bifidum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic probiotic species native to the human gastrointestinal tract \u2014 particularly common in infants and adults with healthy microbiomes. The most-clinically-studied strain, B. bifidum MIMBb75, has earned a reputation as one of the few probiotics with high-quality RCT evidence for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with trials reporting improvements versus placebo in global IBS symptom scores, abdominal pain, bloating, and quality of life. Notably, MIMBb75 has shown efficacy even in heat-inactivated (non-viable) form \u2014 a published trial reported the heat-inactivated preparation eased IBS symptoms, suggesting cell wall components rather than live colonization drive the clinical effect.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bifidobacterium-adolescentis","name":"Bifidobacterium adolescentis","latinName":"Bifidobacterium adolescentis","shortDescription":"Bifidobacterium adolescentis is a Gram-positive, anaerobic Bifidobacterium species particularly abundant in the adult gut microbiome \u2014 its name reflects its rise in prevalence during adolescence as the infant-dominated B. infantis/B. breve community gives way to adult-pattern bifidobacteria. B. adolescentis stands out among probiotics for its exceptional GABA production capability \u2014 gamma-aminobutyric acid is the brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, and B. adolescentis has been identified as one of the leading 'psychobiotic' GABA-producing bacterial taxa. Strains like PRL2019 (used in GABApral\u00ae) and SBT2786 (clinical sleep RCT) are establishing B. adolescentis as a promising probiotic for stress, anxiety, mood, and sleep applications via the gut-brain axis.","categories":["Gut Health","Mood & Mental Health","Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"l-histidine","name":"L-Histidine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Histidine is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis, histamine production, hemoglobin formation, and antioxidant defense via the dipeptide carnosine. Conditionally essential in infants and during periods of rapid growth or recovery. Found in meat, fish, dairy, eggs, and grains. Supplemental use is uncommon \u2014 most clinical evidence relates to histidine status in chronic kidney disease, atopic dermatitis, and as a precursor to carnosine for muscle buffering.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"l-isoleucine","name":"L-Isoleucine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Isoleucine is one of three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) along with leucine and valine \u2014 essential, must come from diet. Functions in muscle protein synthesis, glucose uptake into muscle cells, and hemoglobin production. Found in meat, fish, eggs, dairy, soy, lentils. Standalone supplementation is uncommon (most BCAA products use a 2:1:1 leucine:isoleucine:valine ratio); evidence for standalone isoleucine is limited compared to leucine.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"l-valine","name":"L-Valine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Valine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) along with leucine and isoleucine. Required for muscle metabolism, tissue repair, energy production, and nitrogen balance. Found in meat, dairy, soy, mushrooms, peanuts, whole grains. Like isoleucine, standalone valine supplementation is uncommon \u2014 most use is via BCAA blends (2:1:1 ratio with leucine and isoleucine) or complete protein sources. Evidence for standalone valine is limited.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"l-phenylalanine","name":"L-Phenylalanine / DLPA","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Phenylalanine is an essential aromatic amino acid and the precursor to tyrosine, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and melanin. Found in meat, fish, dairy, soy, nuts, seeds. Sold supplementally as L-phenylalanine, D-phenylalanine, or DL-phenylalanine (DLPA \u2014 racemic mixture). Used for depression, ADHD, chronic pain, vitiligo, and as a catecholamine precursor. Critical contraindication: phenylketonuria (PKU) \u2014 must completely avoid phenylalanine.","categories":["Mood & Mental Health","Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"l-threonine","name":"L-Threonine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Threonine is an essential amino acid required for collagen and elastin synthesis, immune function, fat metabolism, and central nervous system function. Found in meat, fish, dairy, eggs, lentils, soy. Standalone supplementation is rare \u2014 most use is via complete protein or EAA blends. Limited clinical evidence as standalone supplement; some research interest in hereditary spastic paraparesis and other neurological conditions.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"l-cysteine","name":"L-Cysteine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid \u2014 conditionally essential (synthesized from methionine in adults but required in infants and certain conditions). Critical precursor to glutathione (the body's master antioxidant), taurine, and coenzyme A. Found in meat, poultry, eggs, dairy, garlic, onions, legumes. Sold supplementally as L-cysteine or as N-acetylcysteine (NAC \u2014 the more bioavailable, FDA-approved drug form). Used for hair, skin and nails and glutathione support; NAC \u2014 a distinct, more-studied derivative \u2014 is what is used clinically for respiratory support, not generic oral L-cysteine.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"l-proline","name":"L-Proline","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Proline is a non-essential cyclic amino acid critical for collagen formation \u2014 collagen is ~15% proline. Converted to hydroxyproline via prolyl hydroxylase (vitamin C-dependent enzyme). Found in meat, dairy, eggs, gelatin, bone broth, cabbage. Standalone supplementation is uncommon; most clinical interest is via collagen peptides or gelatin. Some interest in wound healing and connective tissue support.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"l-asparagine","name":"L-Asparagine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Asparagine is a non-essential amino acid first isolated from asparagus juice (1806). Required for protein synthesis, glycoprotein formation (N-linked glycosylation), nervous system development, and ammonia detoxification. Found in asparagus, dairy, beef, poultry, eggs, fish, nuts, legumes. Almost never sold as a standalone supplement \u2014 most clinical relevance is in oncology (asparaginase enzyme used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and metabolic research.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"aspartic-acid","name":"Aspartic Acid / D-Aspartic Acid (DAA)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid existing in two enantiomers: L-aspartate (the natural form, used in protein synthesis, urea cycle, neurotransmission) and D-aspartic acid (DAA, found in neuroendocrine tissues). DAA is sold supplementally for testosterone support \u2014 based on early small trials showing T elevation in men. Subsequent rigorous trials in resistance-trained men have been negative. Marketed claims substantially exceed evidence base.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Libido Support","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"glutamic-acid","name":"L-Glutamic Acid / Glutamate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid and the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Found in protein-rich foods, particularly umami foods (parmesan, soy sauce, tomatoes, mushrooms, seaweed). The salt form MSG (monosodium glutamate) is a common food additive providing umami taste. Standalone supplementation is uncommon \u2014 clinical relevance is primarily dietary, neurological (excitotoxicity in stroke/TBI), and as parent compound of glutamine.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"magnesium-glycinate","name":"Magnesium Glycinate (Bisglycinate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium glycinate (also called magnesium bisglycinate) is magnesium chelated with two glycine molecules \u2014 among the most bioavailable and best-tolerated forms. Distinguished by minimal laxative effect (vs citrate/oxide), making it the preferred form for those needing higher doses or with sensitive GI tracts. Particularly popular for sleep, anxiety, and stress applications \u2014 the glycine component itself supports calming effects on the CNS.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-l-threonate","name":"Magnesium L-Threonate (Magtein)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium L-threonate is the magnesium salt of L-threonic acid, sold most often under the branded name Magtein. It is the one magnesium form shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and raise magnesium levels in the brain in meaningful amounts, which is why it is chosen when the goal is cognition, memory, or a racing mind rather than general magnesium repletion. Human trials report improvements in cognitive performance, sleep quality, and daytime functioning, though the studied doses are high (1,000 to 2,000 mg of the compound) and deliver only about 144 mg of elemental magnesium. It is gentle on the gut but the most expensive magnesium form.","categories":["Sleep Health","Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-citrate","name":"Magnesium Citrate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium citrate is a well-absorbed and popular form of magnesium in which the mineral is bound to citric acid. It is used both to raise magnesium levels, supporting muscle and nerve function, energy, sleep, and relaxation, and, at higher doses, as a gentle osmotic laxative for occasional constipation, since it draws water into the intestines. This dual nature means it can loosen stools, so those wanting magnesium without a laxative effect often choose magnesium glycinate instead. A typical dose provides around 100 to 200 mg of elemental magnesium; check the label, as the elemental content is lower than the total compound weight.","categories":["Gut Health","Muscle & Recovery","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-malate","name":"Magnesium Malate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium malate is a well-absorbed, gentle form of magnesium bound to malic acid, a compound involved in cellular energy production. Because of this energy connection, it is often chosen for daytime energy support and is popular among people who experience muscle fatigue or tenderness, such as those with fibromyalgia-type discomfort, in addition to general magnesium benefits for muscle, nerve, and sleep support. It tends to be easy on the stomach and can be taken any time of day. A typical dose provides around 100 to 200 mg of elemental magnesium; check the label, since the malic acid adds to the total compound weight.","categories":["Energy","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-taurate","name":"Magnesium Taurate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium taurate is a form of magnesium bound to the amino acid taurine, combining two nutrients that each support cardiovascular and nervous-system health. This pairing makes it especially popular for heart health and a calm, relaxed state, since taurine supports healthy heart rhythm and blood pressure while magnesium relaxes muscles and nerves. It is well absorbed and gentle on the stomach, and many people take it in the evening for its calming quality. A typical dose provides around 100 to 200 mg of elemental magnesium; as with all magnesium, those with kidney disease should consult a doctor before supplementing.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-oxide","name":"Magnesium Oxide","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium oxide is the most common (and cheapest) magnesium form found in OTC supplements and multivitamins \u2014 but among the lowest bioavailability. The high elemental magnesium content (60% by weight) is misleading because absorption is poor (~4%) and the unabsorbed portion causes osmotic diarrhea. Useful clinical applications: antacid (reduces stomach acid) and OTC laxative. Generally not the best choice for magnesium repletion.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zinc-picolinate","name":"Zinc Picolinate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zinc picolinate is a chelated form of zinc bound to picolinic acid, widely regarded as one of the best-absorbed and most popular zinc options for everyday use. Like all zinc, it supports immune function, skin and wound healing, taste and smell, hormone health, and the activity of hundreds of enzymes. Typical doses provide 15 to 30 mg of elemental zinc; taking it with a little food helps avoid the nausea zinc can cause on an empty stomach, and it is best kept apart from calcium, iron, and coffee, which reduce absorption. Long-term intake above about 40 mg per day should be avoided, since chronic high zinc can deplete copper.","categories":["Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zinc-bisglycinate","name":"Zinc Bisglycinate (Zinc Glycinate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zinc bisglycinate is a gentle, well-absorbed chelated form of zinc in which the mineral is bound to two molecules of the amino acid glycine. Its main advantage is tolerability, causing less of the nausea that zinc, especially on an empty stomach, can trigger, which makes it a favorite for sensitive individuals. As with all zinc, it supports immune function, skin, wound healing, and many enzyme systems. Typical doses provide 15 to 30 mg of elemental zinc and can be taken with or without food. Long-term intake above about 40 mg per day should be avoided, since chronic high zinc can deplete copper.","categories":["Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zinc-citrate","name":"Zinc Citrate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zinc citrate is zinc bound to citric acid, a well-absorbed and economical form comparable in uptake to the more expensive zinc picolinate. With a fairly neutral taste, it is widely used in supplements and even some toothpastes. As an everyday zinc source it supports immune function, skin and wound healing, taste and smell, and many enzyme systems. Typical doses provide 15 to 30 mg of elemental zinc, best taken with a little food to avoid nausea and away from calcium, iron, and coffee, which reduce absorption. Long-term intake above about 40 mg per day should be avoided to protect copper balance.","categories":["Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zinc-gluconate","name":"Zinc Gluconate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zinc gluconate is one of the most common and economical forms of zinc, in which the mineral is bound to gluconic acid. It is reasonably well absorbed and is the form most often used in cold lozenges, where zinc started within about 24 hours of symptoms may modestly shorten a cold. As a daily supplement it supports immune function, skin, wound healing, and the activity of hundreds of enzymes. Typical doses provide 15 to 30 mg of elemental zinc; taking it with a little food reduces the chance of nausea. Long-term intake above about 40 mg per day should be avoided, since chronic high zinc can deplete copper.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zinc-acetate","name":"Zinc Acetate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zinc acetate is zinc bound to acetic acid, a well-absorbed form that is among the best studied in cold lozenges, where it may release zinc ions effectively in the mouth and throat to help shorten a cold when started at the first sign of symptoms. As a daily supplement it supports immune function, skin, wound healing, and many enzymes. Cold-lozenge use involves specific higher short-term amounts for just a few days, while general supplementation provides 15 to 30 mg of elemental zinc. Long-term daily intake above about 40 mg should be avoided, since chronic high zinc can deplete copper; taking it with a little food limits nausea.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ferrous-sulfate","name":"Ferrous Sulfate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ferrous sulfate is the most common, cheapest, and longest-established oral iron form \u2014 recommended by WHO as standard treatment for iron deficiency anemia. ~20% elemental iron by weight. Effective for raising hemoglobin but causes substantial GI side effects (constipation, nausea, dark stools, metallic taste) \u2014 40-50% of patients quit due to intolerance. Considered the gold-standard comparator in iron bioavailability research.","categories":["Bone Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ferrous-bisglycinate","name":"Ferrous Bisglycinate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ferrous bisglycinate is iron chelated with two glycine molecules \u2014 a newer form distinguished by superior tolerability vs ferrous sulfate while maintaining good absorption. Meta-analyses show iron bisglycinate is more effective than other iron salts for raising hemoglobin in pregnant women, with significantly fewer GI side effects. Particularly valuable for pregnancy, IBD, or any patient who cannot tolerate sulfate.","categories":["Bone Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ferrous-fumarate","name":"Ferrous Fumarate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ferrous fumarate is a common iron salt with a high elemental iron content (about 33%), used to treat or prevent iron-deficiency anemia and support healthy oxygen transport, energy, and immune function. It is well absorbed but, like other iron salts, can cause constipation, nausea, cramping, and harmless dark stools. Taking it with a little food, lowering the dose, or dosing every other day can improve tolerability, while pairing it with vitamin C and avoiding coffee, tea, dairy, and calcium boosts absorption. A gentler alternative is ferrous bisglycinate. Iron should only be supplemented for a confirmed deficiency, ideally with medical guidance.","categories":["Bone Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ferrous-gluconate","name":"Ferrous Gluconate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ferrous gluconate is an iron salt with a relatively low elemental iron content (about 12%), which often makes it gentler on the stomach than ferrous sulfate or fumarate. It is a common over-the-counter option for correcting or preventing iron-deficiency anemia, supporting healthy oxygen transport, energy, and immune function. Because its iron content is low, more pills may be needed to reach a target dose, so checking the label is important. Absorption improves when taken with vitamin C and away from coffee, tea, dairy, and calcium. Iron should only be supplemented for a confirmed deficiency, ideally under medical guidance.","categories":["Bone Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"heme-iron-polypeptide","name":"Heme Iron Polypeptide (HIP)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Heme iron polypeptide (HIP, brand: Proferrin) is iron derived from animal hemoglobin \u2014 bound within a protein matrix exactly as iron exists in red meat. Distinguished by fundamentally different absorption pathway from non-heme (ferrous salt) iron \u2014 uses heme transporter HCP1, not DMT1. Up to 21% absorbed (vs ~0.1% for ferrous gluconate when taken with meals). Much fewer GI side effects but expensive and animal-derived (not vegetarian/vegan).","categories":["Bone Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"calcium-carbonate","name":"Calcium Carbonate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Calcium carbonate is the most common and economical calcium supplement, offering the highest calcium content per pill (about 40% elemental calcium) and doubling as the active ingredient in many antacids. Because it requires stomach acid to dissolve, it should be taken with food, and people on acid-reducing medication may absorb it poorly and do better with calcium citrate. It is used to support bone health, ideally alongside vitamin D. Single doses are best limited to about 500 mg of elemental calcium, since absorption drops with larger amounts. It commonly causes gas, bloating, or constipation, which splitting doses can ease.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"calcium-citrate","name":"Calcium Citrate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Calcium citrate is calcium combined with citric acid \u2014 distinguished by absorption that does not require stomach acid, making it the preferred form for PPI users, elderly with atrophic gastritis, post-bariatric surgery patients, and anyone with low gastric acid. Lower elemental calcium content (~21%) than carbonate but better-absorbed in low-acid conditions and with fewer GI side effects (less constipation).","categories":["Bone Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"calcium-citrate-malate","name":"Calcium Citrate Malate (CCM)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Calcium citrate malate (CCM) is a specific compound salt of calcium with both citrate and malate anions \u2014 distinguished by a well-absorbed calcium form (~35-42% in human studies). Used in branded calcium supplements (Citracal Plus\u00ae) and calcium-fortified beverages (orange juice). Premium evidence-based calcium form; cost intermediate between carbonate and bisglycinate.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"microcrystalline-hydroxyapatite","name":"Microcrystalline Hydroxyapatite (MCHA / MCH)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Microcrystalline hydroxyapatite (MCHA, also called ossein-hydroxyapatite complex / OHC) is calcium derived from bovine bone \u2014 providing calcium and phosphorus and collagen-derived organic matrix in the same compound found in human bone. Some studies suggest superior bone-building effects vs calcium carbonate or citrate. More expensive; animal-derived (not vegetarian/vegan); quality varies significantly by source.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"potassium-citrate","name":"Potassium Citrate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Potassium citrate is potassium combined with citric acid \u2014 distinct from potassium chloride (most common supplemental form) by its alkalinizing effect and FDA-approved use for kidney stone prevention (Urocit-K\u00ae prescription). Lower risk of GI ulceration than potassium chloride. Used both as nutritional potassium and as urinary alkalinizer for calcium oxalate, uric acid, and cystine stone prevention.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Bone Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"chromium-polynicotinate","name":"Chromium Polynicotinate (Niacin-Bound Chromium)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chromium polynicotinate is chromium bound to niacin (vitamin B3 / nicotinic acid) \u2014 distinct from chromium picolinate (which uses picolinic acid). Marketed primarily for cholesterol management based on niacin's lipid-modifying effects (chromium contribution debated). Most cholesterol-lowering effects in chromium polynicotinate trials likely come from the niacin component, not chromium itself. Less popular than picolinate but with distinct positioning.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"selenomethionine","name":"Selenomethionine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Selenomethionine is the organic form of selenium \u2014 naturally found in foods (Brazil nuts, fish, meat, eggs) and produced commercially via yeast fermentation. Distinguished from inorganic sodium selenite by ~19% better absorption and incorporation into body protein pool (replacing methionine). Most clinically-studied form of selenium for thyroid autoimmunity (Hashimoto's), male fertility, and general selenium repletion.","categories":["Antioxidant","Thyroid Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"selenium-yeast","name":"Selenium Yeast (High-Selenium Yeast)","latinName":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","shortDescription":"Selenium yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast grown in selenium-enriched media \u2014 the yeast incorporates selenium into selenomethionine and other organic selenoamino acids, producing a 'food-form' selenium supplement. The landmark Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial used a standardized selenized yeast \u2014 though the later, larger SELECT trial used pure L-selenomethionine, not yeast. Distinct from pure selenomethionine by containing diverse selenoamino acids and yeast-derived nutrients. Well-characterized branded selenium yeasts (e.g., SelenoExcell\u00ae, SelenoPrecise\u00ae) have their own dedicated profiles.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"potassium-iodide","name":"Potassium Iodide (KI)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Potassium iodide (KI) is the pharmaceutical/inorganic form of iodine \u2014 well-characterized, standardized, and used for: (1) iodine deficiency treatment (universal salt iodization uses iodized salt), (2) thyroid protection in nuclear emergencies (FDA-approved for radiation iodine blocking), (3) hyperthyroid pre-operative preparation (Lugol's solution), (4) Amiodarone-induced thyroid issues management. Distinct from kelp-derived iodine (which has variable iodine content and contamination concerns).","categories":["Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"kelp-seaweed-iodine","name":"Kelp / Seaweed Iodine (Laminaria, Ascophyllum, Wakame)","latinName":"Laminaria digitata, Ascophyllum nodosum, Undaria pinnatifida","shortDescription":"Kelp and other seaweeds (Laminaria, Ascophyllum/bladderwrack, Undaria/wakame, Porphyra/nori) are natural sources of iodine \u2014 but with highly variable iodine content (sometimes >2,000 \u00b5g/g) creating risk of excessive iodine intake, thyroid dysfunction, and heavy metal contamination. Standard dietary use is generally safe; supplemental kelp products require careful dosing. Distinct from pharmaceutical potassium iodide by content variability and contamination concerns.","categories":["Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"iron-polysaccharide-complex","name":"Iron Polysaccharide Complex (Niferex\u00ae)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Iron polysaccharide complex (brands: Niferex\u00ae, Nu-Iron\u00ae) is ferric iron (Fe\u00b3\u207a) bound to a polysaccharide carrier \u2014 designed for delayed iron release in the small intestine to minimize gastric irritation. Marketed for better tolerability than ferrous sulfate. Critical evidence: head-to-head trial showed iron polysaccharide complex significantly less effective than a ferrous fumarate combination product for raising hemoglobin (2.84 vs 0.60 g/dL change at 12 weeks). Tolerability advantage exists but at substantial cost to therapeutic effectiveness.","categories":["Energy","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"calcium-hydroxyapatite","name":"Calcium Hydroxyapatite (Synthetic / Tribasic Calcium Phosphate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Synthetic calcium hydroxyapatite (tribasic calcium phosphate, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is the PURE synthetic version of bone-mineral hydroxyapatite \u2014 distinct from microcrystalline hydroxyapatite (MCHA, bovine bone-derived). Provides calcium + phosphorus in identical structure to bone mineral, but without the bovine-source organic matrix. Cost-effective alternative to MCHA for those wanting hydroxyapatite mineral form without animal-derived concerns; vegetarian/vegan compatible.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"methylfolate","name":"Methylfolate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Methylfolate (L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, L-5-MTHF) is the bioactive form of folate that the body actually uses \u2014 distinct from folic acid (synthetic form requiring enzymatic conversion) and folinic acid (intermediate form). The MTHFR enzyme converts folate forms to active L-5-MTHF; common MTHFR gene variants (C677T, A1298C) reduce this conversion efficiency by 30-70% in 40-50% of the population. For these individuals, supplementing with methylfolate bypasses the conversion bottleneck. Clinical applications include methylation support, homocysteine reduction, pregnancy and preconception folate adequacy, depression adjunct (especially with SSRIs), and B12 metabolism support. Effective doses range 400 mcg to 15 mg DFE depending on application. Quatrefolic\u00ae (Gnosis SpA) is the most-studied branded crystal salt form. The honest framing: well-evidenced for the specific applications listed; the 'all genes everyone needs methylfolate' marketing is overstated \u2014 folic acid works fine for most users without MTHFR variants. Worth using when MTHFR status is known or for specific clinical applications.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Mood & Mental Health","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"methylcobalamin","name":"Methylcobalamin (Active B12)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Methylcobalamin is the bioactive coenzyme form of vitamin B12 \u2014 directly usable by methionine synthase in the methionine/folate cycle. Distinct from cyanocobalamin (synthetic, cheaper, requires conversion) and hydroxocobalamin (long-acting injectable). Preferred form for sublingual/oral supplementation by some practitioners; particularly relevant for B12 deficiency in vegans, elderly with absorption issues, and methylation support contexts.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"p-5-p","name":"P-5-P (Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate / Active B6)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"P-5-P (pyridoxal-5-phosphate, PLP) is the bioactive coenzyme form of vitamin B6 \u2014 directly usable in >140 enzyme reactions without requiring liver phosphorylation. Distinct from pyridoxine HCl (most common synthetic supplement form) and pyridoxamine. Preferred form for individuals with impaired phosphorylation (liver disease, certain genetic variants) or seeking faster onset.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Mood & Mental Health","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"tocotrienols","name":"Tocotrienols (Vitamin E Family)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Tocotrienols are the less common 4 of 8 vitamin E family members \u2014 distinct from the 4 tocopherols. Found primarily in palm oil, annatto, rice bran. Have unique double bonds in side chain that confer different biological activity than tocopherols \u2014 particularly membrane antioxidant activity in laboratory assays, effects on the lipid profile (mainly raising HDL), and preclinical neuroprotection and anti-cancer research. Annatto-derived delta + gamma tocotrienols are popular branded forms (DeltaGold\u00ae, EVNol SupraBio\u2122).","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"b-complex","name":"B-Complex (Combined B Vitamins)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"B-Complex supplements contain all eight essential B vitamins \u2014 B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin/niacinamide), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine/P-5-P), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), B12 (cobalamin) \u2014 plus often choline. Used for energy support, stress management, methylation support, alcohol-related deficiency, and as foundation for vitamin status. Quality varies dramatically \u2014 'methylated B-complexes' use active forms (5-MTHF, methylcobalamin, P-5-P) preferred for MTHFR variant carriers.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ubiquinol","name":"Ubiquinol (Reduced CoQ10)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ubiquinol is the reduced, electron-rich form of CoQ10 \u2014 distinct from ubiquinone (oxidized form, most common supplement). Body interconverts both forms; ubiquinol is the form active at antioxidant function. Some research suggests ubiquinol has 2-8\u00d7 better bioavailability than ubiquinone, particularly in older adults and those with reduced reductase capacity (statins, aging). Kaneka Ubiquinol\u00ae (Kaneka Corporation) is the dominant branded form.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Energy","Antioxidant","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"nattokinase","name":"Nattokinase","latinName":"Bacillus subtilis natto","shortDescription":"Nattokinase is a fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus subtilis natto fermentation of soybeans (the traditional Japanese food natto). Distinguished by ability to break down fibrin (blood clots) \u2014 the only oral enzyme with substantial human data on cardiovascular and circulation effects. Used for cardiovascular support, circulation, and deep vein thrombosis prevention. Standardized in fibrinolytic units (FU).","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"serrapeptase","name":"Serrapeptase (Serratiopeptidase)","latinName":"Serratia E15 (originally) / fermentation-derived","shortDescription":"Serrapeptase is a proteolytic enzyme originally isolated from silkworm intestinal bacteria (Serratia) \u2014 now produced via fermentation. Used widely in Japan and Europe (prescription drug status in some countries) for inflammation, sinusitis, fibrocystic breast disease, post-surgical edema, and pain. Anti-inflammatory enzyme that breaks down dead tissue and inflammatory proteins without affecting healthy tissue. Strong observational/clinical practice support but rigorous Western RCT evidence limited.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"red-yeast-rice","name":"Red Yeast Rice (Monascus purpureus)","latinName":"Monascus purpureus","shortDescription":"Red yeast rice (RYR) is rice fermented with Monascus purpureus yeast \u2014 produces monacolin K, which is bioidentical to lovastatin (Mevacor\u00ae, prescription statin). Used in traditional Chinese medicine and modern statin-alternative supplements. Critical regulatory issue: FDA has determined products containing more than trace monacolin K are unapproved drugs; quality and dosing vary enormously. Genuinely effective for cholesterol but carries same statin risks (myopathy, liver) plus potential citrinin contamination.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"citrus-bergamot","name":"Citrus Bergamot (Citrus bergamia)","latinName":"Citrus bergamia","shortDescription":"Citrus bergamot (Citrus bergamia) is a sour orange variety grown almost exclusively in the Calabria region of southern Italy, containing a unique profile of polyphenols \u2014 particularly brutieridin and melitidin \u2014 not found in any other citrus fruit. These compounds inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (the same enzyme target as statin drugs) while simultaneously activating AMPK, producing clinically meaningful reductions in LDL cholesterol (~24-36%) and triglycerides (~30-39%). The standardized polyphenolic extract (bergamot polyphenolic fraction or BPF) is distinct from bergamot essential oil used for flavoring. Strong evidence for cholesterol/triglyceride reduction, glycemic improvement, and metabolic syndrome support. Standardized branded forms available include Bergamonte\u00ae (HP Ingredients, \u226538% flavonoids) and Bergamet\u00ae. Effects appear within 30 days of consistent use.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"aged-garlic-extract","name":"Aged Garlic Extract","latinName":"Allium sativum (aged)","shortDescription":"Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) is produced through a controlled aging process (typically 18-24 months) that transforms raw garlic's unstable compounds into stable, water-soluble bioactives \u2014 primarily S-allyl cysteine (SAC), S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), and other organosulfur compounds. The aging process removes raw garlic's harsh sulfur compounds (allicin and related thiosulfinates) responsible for breath odor and GI irritation, while preserving and enhancing the cardiovascular-active compounds. Clinical evidence supports modest reductions in blood pressure, cholesterol, arterial calcification progression, and improved cardiovascular biomarkers in mild-to-moderate hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Kyolic\u00ae (Wakunaga, Japan) is the most-studied branded AGE form with decades of clinical research. Generic aged garlic extracts vary in actual aging time and SAC content. The honest framing: well-evidenced cardiovascular adjunct with modest effect sizes; the aging process produces measurably different chemistry than raw garlic supplements; quality of aging matters more than which specific brand. Generic high-SAC products work; Kyolic\u00ae premium reflects extensive clinical trial validation.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cinnamon","name":"Cinnamon (Ceylon vs Cassia)","latinName":"Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon) / Cinnamomum cassia (Cassia)","shortDescription":"Cinnamon is the dried inner bark of Cinnamomum trees \u2014 two main supplement species: Ceylon (C. verum, 'true cinnamon', sweeter, lower coumarin) and cassia (C. cassia, more common in supplements and grocery stores, higher coumarin). Used for blood sugar/diabetes support. Critical distinction: cassia cinnamon has high coumarin content that can cause hepatotoxicity at high chronic doses \u2014 Ceylon is preferred for supplemental/medicinal use.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"gymnema-sylvestre","name":"Gymnema Sylvestre (Gurmar \u2014 'Sugar Destroyer')","latinName":"Gymnema sylvestre","shortDescription":"Gymnema sylvestre is an Ayurvedic herb traditionally called 'GURMAR' ('sugar destroyer' in Hindi) \u2014 used for over 2,000 years in Indian traditional medicine for diabetes management. Distinguished by ability TO temporarily ABOLISH sweet taste perception when chewed/applied to tongue. Active compounds: gymnemic acids. Modest evidence for glycemic improvement in T2DM; may support pancreatic beta-cell regeneration in animal studies.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bitter-melon","name":"Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)","latinName":"Momordica charantia","shortDescription":"Bitter melon (also called bitter gourd, karela) is a tropical vine fruit used as both food and medicine across South Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. Used for diabetes for centuries. Active compounds include charantin, vicine, polypeptide-p ('plant insulin'), and momordicin. Modest evidence for glycemic improvement in T2DM. Critical caution: contains potential teratogens \u2014 avoid during pregnancy. Vicine causes favism in G6PD-deficient individuals.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"egcg","name":"EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) is the most abundant and most studied catechin in green tea \u2014 accounts for 50-80% of total green tea catechins. Standalone EGCG supplements provide concentrated doses without caffeine or other tea compounds. Studied for weight management, antioxidant effects, cancer prevention, neuroprotection. Critical hepatotoxicity warning: EGCG at supplemental doses (especially fasted, >800 mg/day) has caused liver injury \u2014 EFSA established 800 mg/day safety limit for supplemental EGCG.","categories":["Antioxidant","Weight Management","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"apigenin","name":"Apigenin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Apigenin is a flavone abundantly found in parsley, chamomile, celery, and artichoke. Most known for chamomile's calming effects, apigenin has gained attention as a senolytic and CD38 inhibitor \u2014 Bryan Johnson and longevity protocols feature it for putative NAD+ preservation. Active at GABA-A benzodiazepine receptor (anxiolytic mechanism), inhibits aromatase, and shows broad antioxidant effects. Also studied for cancer chemoprevention research.","categories":["Longevity","Stress & Anxiety","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"fisetin","name":"Fisetin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Fisetin is a flavonoid found in strawberries (highest concentration), apples, persimmons, onions, and grapes. Identified as one of the most potent natural senolytics in screening studies \u2014 selectively eliminating senescent ('zombie') cells that accumulate with age. Component of intermittent senolytic protocols (typically 20 mg/kg for 2 days monthly). Major Bryan Johnson Blueprint and Mayo Clinic-affiliated longevity research.","categories":["Longevity","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"luteolin","name":"Luteolin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Luteolin is a flavone found in parsley, celery, broccoli, artichoke, peppers, and various herbs. Studied for anti-inflammatory effects, mast cell stabilization (allergy/inflammation), neuroprotection, and as a senolytic. Particularly notable for mast cell modulation \u2014 used in mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) protocols. Studied in cardiovascular, immune, and cognitive-aging research. Sometimes included in flavonoid longevity stacks for possible senolytic activity, though senolytic evidence is preliminary and centered on fisetin.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Cognitive","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"pterostilbene","name":"Pterostilbene","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Pterostilbene is a methylated analog of resveratrol \u2014 found primarily in blueberries, cranberries, and peanuts. In preclinical studies, better oral bioavailability and longer half-life than resveratrol, due to its dimethylated structure. Studied for cardiovascular, cognitive, anti-inflammatory, and longevity effects. Component of Bryan Johnson Blueprint and many longevity stacks. Often paired with NMN/NR for NAD+ pathway support.","categories":["Longevity","Cognitive","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"hesperidin","name":"Hesperidin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found primarily in citrus fruits \u2014 particularly oranges, grapefruits, and lemons (highest concentration in peel and pith). Studied for vascular health, chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, and capillary fragility. Used widely in Europe (combined with diosmin as Daflon\u00ae/Detralex\u00ae) for venous diseases. The venous evidence is largely for the diosmin+hesperidin combination phlebotonic (Daflon\u00ae); evidence for isolated hesperidin as a supplement is more modest and mostly at the level of surrogate biomarkers.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"rutin","name":"Rutin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Rutin is a flavonoid, essentially quercetin bound to a sugar, found in buckwheat, citrus, and apples. It is used to support blood-vessel and capillary strength, healthy circulation, and antioxidant defense, which is why it appears in formulas for varicose veins, easy bruising, and vein health, often alongside vitamin C or other citrus flavonoids. Doses commonly range from 250 to 500 mg, once or twice daily. Rutin is found naturally in foods and is generally well tolerated, though it may have a mild blood-thinning effect, so those taking anticoagulants or scheduled for surgery should check with a doctor.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"chaga","name":"Chaga Mushroom (Inonotus obliquus)","latinName":"Inonotus obliquus","shortDescription":"Chaga is a parasitic fungus that grows on birch trees in cold climates \u2014 used in Russian, Korean, and Eastern European traditional medicine for centuries. Distinguished by high concentration OF melanin, betulinic acid (from birch bark), and beta-glucan polysaccharides. Studied for antioxidant effects, immune support, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer research. Critical caution: very high oxalate content can cause kidney damage in susceptible individuals.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"maitake","name":"Maitake Mushroom (Grifola frondosa)","latinName":"Grifola frondosa","shortDescription":"Maitake ('dancing mushroom' in Japanese) is a culinary and medicinal mushroom native to East Asia and North America. Distinguished by its D-fraction beta-glucan polysaccharides \u2014 among the most clinically-studied immune-activating mushroom extracts. Used for immune support, blood sugar/insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and as adjunct in some cancer protocols. MaitakeGold 404\u00ae and Maitake D-Fraction\u00ae are leading clinical products.","categories":["Immune Support","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"shiitake","name":"Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes)","latinName":"Lentinula edodes","shortDescription":"Shiitake is one of the most widely consumed culinary mushrooms globally \u2014 also extensively studied medicinally for its lentinan beta-glucan polysaccharide. Lentinan is approved as adjunct chemotherapy in Japan for stomach cancer (since 1985) \u2014 among the few mushroom compounds with prescription drug status. Used for immune support, cardiovascular health, and antioxidant effects. AHCC (an extract category) overlaps with shiitake research.","categories":["Immune Support","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"eleuthero","name":"Eleuthero / Siberian Ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus)","latinName":"Eleutherococcus senticosus","shortDescription":"Eleuthero (also called Siberian ginseng \u2014 though botanically distinct from true Panax ginsengs) is an adaptogen used in Russian and East Asian traditional medicine for stress, fatigue, and athletic performance. Distinguished by not being a true ginseng (Panax genus) \u2014 different botany, different active compounds (eleutherosides). Used by Soviet cosmonauts and Olympic athletes for stress resilience. Major adaptogen alongside ashwagandha, rhodiola, holy basil.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Energy","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"schisandra","name":"Schisandra Chinensis (Five-Flavor Berry)","latinName":"Schisandra chinensis","shortDescription":"Schisandra is the dried fruit of a vine native to Northeast Asia \u2014 called 'wu wei zi' (five-flavor berry) in Chinese medicine because it possesses all five tastes (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent). One of the major adaptogens used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for over 2,000 years. Distinguished by liver-protective effects (lignans), stress adaptation, and cognitive support. Active in alcohol-related liver damage and elevated liver enzyme contexts.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Cognitive","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"mucuna-pruriens","name":"Mucuna Pruriens (Velvet Bean / Kapikacchu)","latinName":"Mucuna pruriens","shortDescription":"Mucuna pruriens (also called velvet bean, cowitch, kapikacchu) is a tropical legume distinguished by high natural L-DOPA (levodopa) content in its seeds \u2014 typically 3-7% L-DOPA by weight. Used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries for movement-related and male reproductive concerns and as a general tonic. Mucuna's seeds contain L-DOPA, the same compound as the prescription drug levodopa. Because of this active compound it has real neurological effects and interactions, and any use for movement-related concerns should happen only under medical supervision; it is not a self-treatment for any disease.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"passionflower","name":"Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata)","latinName":"Passiflora incarnata","shortDescription":"Passionflower is a flowering vine native to the Americas \u2014 used in traditional medicine since pre-Columbian times for anxiety, insomnia, and 'nervous tension.' Distinguished by activity at GABA-A receptor (similar mechanism to benzodiazepines but much milder). Modest evidence for generalized anxiety, sleep onset, and as pre-surgical anxiolytic. Component of many sleep/calming herbal blends. Approved for anxiety and sleep disorders in some European countries.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lemon-balm","name":"Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)","latinName":"Melissa officinalis","shortDescription":"Lemon balm is a member of the mint family with a distinctive lemony aroma \u2014 used in European herbal medicine for over 2,000 years for anxiety, sleep, GI distress, and herpes simplex. Distinguished by mild GABA-A receptor activity and topically applied cream studied for cold sores (HSV); oral lemon balm is not shown to treat herpes. Modern uses include anxiety, mild cognitive complaints, sleep onset, and general calming. Often combined with valerian, passionflower, or hops in calming formulations.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"hops","name":"Hops (Humulus lupulus)","latinName":"Humulus lupulus","shortDescription":"Hops are the dried female flowers of the hop plant \u2014 most famous for beer brewing (bittering and preservation) but also used medicinally for sleep, anxiety, and menopausal symptoms. Distinguished by rich content of estrogenic phytochemicals (8-prenylnaringenin \u2014 potentially the strongest natural phytoestrogen identified) plus humulone bitter acids. Often combined with valerian for sleep. Notable for hormonal effects warranting caution.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"tribulus","name":"Tribulus Terrestris (Puncture Vine / Gokshura)","latinName":"Tribulus terrestris","shortDescription":"Tribulus terrestris is a flowering plant used in Ayurveda (gokshura), Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Eastern European traditional medicine for libido, urinary support, and 'vitality.' Active compounds include protodioscin and other steroidal saponins. Critical: despite extensive marketing claims for testosterone enhancement, modern rigorous trials show tribulus does not meaningfully increase testosterone in healthy men \u2014 but it may improve libido and sexual function via different mechanisms.","categories":["Men's Health","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"epimedium","name":"Epimedium / Horny Goat Weed (Yin Yang Huo)","latinName":"Epimedium grandiflorum / sagittatum / brevicornum","shortDescription":"Epimedium (also called horny goat weed, yin yang huo in Chinese) is a genus of herbaceous plants used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries for sexual function, kidney 'yang' deficiency, and bone health. The active compound icariin is a PDE5 inhibitor (same target as Viagra/sildenafil) but ~80\u00d7 weaker. Distinguished by genuine pharmacological mechanism for erectile function \u2014 making it one of the more mechanistically-grounded sexual function supplements.","categories":["Men's Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"fadogia-agrestis","name":"Fadogia Agrestis","latinName":"Fadogia agrestis","shortDescription":"Fadogia agrestis is a Nigerian shrub used in traditional African medicine for sexual function. Popularized in Western supplement market by Andrew Huberman's podcast as testosterone-supportive (often paired with tongkat ali). Critical evidence gap: virtually all human evidence is from non-rigorous sources; primary research is animal-based showing increased testosterone in male rats. Limited safety data. Animal toxicity studies show testicular damage at high doses \u2014 significant safety concern for chronic supplementation.","categories":["Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"pygeum","name":"Pygeum (African Plum / Prunus Africana)","latinName":"Prunus africana / Pygeum africanum","shortDescription":"Pygeum africanum (African plum) bark extract is one of the most-studied herbal interventions for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Used as a registered pharmaceutical for BPH in France, Germany, and several other European countries since the 1960s. Active compounds include phytosterols (\u03b2-sitosterol), pentacyclic triterpenes, and ferulic acid esters. Strongest evidence: BPH symptom improvement and nocturia reduction. Critical sustainability concern: pygeum is cites Appendix II protected \u2014 wild harvesting threatens species survival; choose plantation-grown sources.","categories":["Men's Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract","Prostate Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"nettle-root","name":"Nettle Root (Urtica dioica)","latinName":"Urtica dioica","shortDescription":"Stinging nettle root (distinct from leaf, which has different uses) is studied for prostate health, normal urinary flow and comfort (including in men with BPH), and male hormone modulation. Critical distinction from nettle leaf (used for allergies, joint pain, anti-inflammatory). Nettle root binds sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) \u2014 theoretically increasing free testosterone. Component of prostate formulas alongside saw palmetto, pygeum, beta-sitosterol.","categories":["Men's Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract","Prostate Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"beta-sitosterol","name":"Beta-Sitosterol","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Beta-sitosterol is the most abundant plant sterol (phytosterol) in the human diet \u2014 structurally similar to cholesterol with an added ethyl group. Found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, avocados, whole grains, legumes, and saw palmetto berries. Two distinct clinical applications use very different doses: BPH symptom improvement at 60-130 mg/day, and cholesterol reduction at 1.5-3 g/day plant sterol blends. The BPH evidence is genuinely strong \u2014 a Cochrane review of 4 randomized trials in 519 men found significant improvements in urinary symptoms and peak urinary flow versus placebo. The cholesterol reduction effect (6-15% LDL drop) is well-established at the biomarker level, though European cardiovascular societies removed plant sterols from formal cardiovascular recommendations in 2025 due to lack of outcome trial data. One of the four classic phytotherapy components for BPH alongside saw palmetto, pygeum, and stinging nettle root. The honest framing: real BPH symptom relief at low doses; real LDL reduction at high doses; the cardiovascular outcome data isn't there to justify pharmaceutical-level claims.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Men's Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract","Prostate Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"magnolia-bark","name":"Magnolia Bark (Hou Po / Magnolia officinalis)","latinName":"Magnolia officinalis","shortDescription":"Magnolia bark (called 'hou po' in Chinese, 'magnolol' for the active compound) has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for over 2,000 years for stress, anxiety, sleep, and digestive complaints. Active compounds magnolol and honokiol have GABA-A agonism similar to benzodiazepines plus distinct anti-anxiety, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer research. Notable for improving sleep without daytime drowsiness in some trials.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"yerba-mate","name":"Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis)","latinName":"Ilex paraguariensis","shortDescription":"Yerba mate is the dried leaves of a South American holly tree \u2014 traditionally consumed as a beverage in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil. Contains caffeine, theobromine, and rich polyphenols (chlorogenic acids, saponins, flavonoids). Distinguished from coffee/tea by unique nutrient profile and traditional cultural significance. Used for energy, weight management, and antioxidant support. Critical: very hot mate consumption is associated with increased esophageal cancer risk.","categories":["Energy","Weight Management","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"guarana","name":"Guarana (Paullinia cupana)","latinName":"Paullinia cupana","shortDescription":"Guarana is the seed of an Amazonian climbing plant \u2014 distinguished by extraordinarily high caffeine content (4-9% by weight, 4\u00d7 more than coffee beans). Used by indigenous Amazonian peoples for centuries as stimulant; modernly used in energy drinks, weight management products, and cognitive supplements. Caffeine content is the dominant active mechanism. Slower-release effect than caffeine alone due to associated tannins and saponins.","categories":["Energy","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"pumpkin-seed-oil","name":"Pumpkin Seed Oil (Cucurbita pepo)","latinName":"Cucurbita pepo","shortDescription":"Pumpkin seed oil is cold-pressed oil from pumpkin seeds \u2014 particularly from STYRIAN pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca) without seed coats. Traditionally used in European phytotherapy to support prostate, urinary, and hair health. Active compounds include phytosterols (delta-7-sterols, beta-sitosterol), unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, oleic), and tocopherols. Distinct from pumpkin seed extract used in different contexts.","categories":["Men's Health","Hair, Skin & Nails","Kidney/Urinary Tract","Prostate Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"r-lipoic-acid","name":"R-Lipoic Acid (Natural / Stabilized R-ALA)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"R-Lipoic Acid (R-ALA) is the biologically ACTIVE enantiomer of alpha-lipoic acid \u2014 the naturally occurring form in mitochondria. Distinct from racemic ALA (50/50 R/S mixture) which is the standard cheap supplement. R-ALA is roughly twice as potent as racemic ALA per mg. Stabilized R-ALA forms (Na-RALA, BioEnhanced\u00ae R-Lipoic Acid) overcome stability issues. Used for diabetic neuropathy, antioxidant support, and metabolic health.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Antioxidant","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"naringenin","name":"Naringenin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Naringenin is a citrus flavanone found primarily in grapefruit, oranges, and tomatoes. The aglycone form of naringin (the bitter compound in grapefruit). Studied for cardiovascular, metabolic, and antioxidant effects. Active in research as an anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering compound. Critical: naringin (glycoside form, abundant in grapefruit) is responsible for the grapefruit-drug interaction \u2014 naringenin (aglycone) is metabolite with different effects.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sea-buckthorn","name":"Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides)","latinName":"Hippophae rhamnoides","shortDescription":"Sea buckthorn is a shrub native to Eurasian mountains and coasts \u2014 distinguished by exceptionally high vitamin C content in berries (10-15\u00d7 more than oranges) plus rare omega-7 fatty acid (palmitoleic acid) in seed and pulp oils. Used in Russian, Mongolian, and Tibetan traditional medicine for skin, mucous membrane, and metabolic health. Modern uses include dry eye syndrome, dry mouth (Sj\u00f6gren's), vaginal/skin dryness, and cardiovascular support. For branded proanthocyanidin extract specifically, see CyanthOx\u2122 entry.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ahcc","name":"AHCC (Active Hexose Correlated Compound)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"AHCC is a proprietary fermented mushroom mycelium extract \u2014 primarily from shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and other basidiomycetes \u2014 developed by Amino Up Co. (Japan) since 1989. Distinguished from whole mushroom extracts by acetylated alpha-glucan (rather than typical beta-glucan) as primary active. Most clinically-studied for HPV (human papillomavirus) clearance, immune support during chemotherapy, and infection adjunct. Substantial clinical research base for a mushroom-derived supplement.","categories":["Immune Support","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bovine-colostrum","name":"Bovine Colostrum","latinName":"Bos taurus (bovine) colostrum","shortDescription":"Bovine colostrum is the first milk produced by cows in the 24-72 hours after calving, naturally rich in immunoglobulins (IgG dominant), growth factors (IGF-1, TGF-\u03b2), lactoferrin, and bioactive peptides. Strongest clinical evidence: prevention of exercise-induced gut permeability and reduction of upper respiratory illness in athletes. Marketing often overstates pediatric immunity, anti-aging, and broad gut health claims relative to actual evidence. Product quality varies widely \u2014 IgG content, processing, and adulteration concerns are substantial.","categories":["Immune Support","Athletic Performance","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"artichoke","name":"Artichoke Leaf (Cynara scolymus / Cynara cardunculus)","latinName":"Cynara scolymus","shortDescription":"Artichoke leaf extract is one of the most studied herbal hepatoprotective and choleretic (bile-stimulating) agents in European herbal medicine. Distinguished by cynarin and chlorogenic acid content. Approved by the European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP) and German Commission E for dyspeptic complaints. Solid evidence for cholesterol reduction, functional dyspepsia, and IBS symptoms.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"tudca","name":"TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"TUDCA is the taurine-conjugated form of UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid) \u2014 a hydrophilic bile acid found naturally in small amounts in human bile. Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for over 3,000 years as 'bear bile' for liver and eye conditions; modern TUDCA is synthesized rather than animal-derived. Distinguished by ER-stress reduction, neuroprotection, and bile acid pool modulation. Increasingly used for liver health, ALS adjunct research, and 'cholestasis support'.","categories":["Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"dim","name":"DIM (Diindolylmethane)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"DIM (3,3'-diindolylmethane) is a metabolite of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) \u2014 formed in the stomach from cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, kale, cauliflower, brussels sprouts). Used to support healthy estrogen metabolism by promoting the 2-hydroxyestrone pathway over the 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone pathway. Popular in women's health protocols for hormonal balance, PMS, fibrocystic breasts, and as adjunct in estrogen-related conditions. Often combined with calcium D-glucarate.","categories":["Women's Health","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"i3c","name":"Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"I3C is a glucosinolate-derived compound found in cruciferous vegetables \u2014 formed when raw vegetables are chewed/cut, releasing the enzyme myrosinase that converts glucobrassicin to I3C. In the stomach, I3C converts to DIM and other condensation products. Used for similar applications as DIM (estrogen metabolism, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, detoxification) but with more variable conversion to active forms. Older clinical evidence base than DIM in some indications.","categories":["Women's Health","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"calcium-d-glucarate","name":"Calcium D-Glucarate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Calcium D-glucarate is the calcium salt of D-glucaric acid \u2014 a compound found naturally in fruits and vegetables (apples, oranges, grapefruit, cruciferous vegetables). Distinguished by its inhibition OF beta-glucuronidase \u2014 an enzyme that 'unconjugates' previously-detoxified hormones and toxins in the gut, allowing them to be reabsorbed. Used to support estrogen detoxification and clearance of glucuronidated metabolites. Often combined with DIM in women's health protocols.","categories":["Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"strontium","name":"Strontium (Citrate / Ranelate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Strontium is a mineral chemically similar to calcium that incorporates into bone matrix. Strontium ranelate is approved as prescription osteoporosis drug in some European countries (Protelos\u00ae/Protaxos\u00ae) \u2014 but restricted IN 2014 due to cardiovascular and severe skin reaction concerns. Strontium citrate (the supplement form) is widely sold for bone health but lacks the same direct evidence as ranelate. Critical: distinct from radioactive strontium-90; supplemental strontium is non-radioactive natural strontium.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lithium-orotate","name":"Lithium Orotate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Lithium orotate is a low-dose form of the trace element lithium bound to orotic acid, sold as a supplement for mood, calm, and cognitive support. It is important not to confuse it with prescription lithium carbonate, which is used for bipolar disorder at far higher doses (typically 600 to 1,800 mg per day) under mandatory blood-level monitoring. A lithium orotate supplement usually provides only about 5 mg, and at most roughly 20 mg, of elemental lithium per dose, a small fraction of the prescription amount. It is used in integrative practice for mood, cognition, and neuroprotection, but direct human evidence is limited and the case rests largely on small studies, population data, and extrapolation from pharmaceutical lithium.","categories":["Mood & Mental Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ipriflavone","name":"Ipriflavone","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ipriflavone is a synthetic isoflavone derivative (7-isopropoxyisoflavone) developed in the 1980s for osteoporosis. Distinguished from natural isoflavones by no significant direct estrogenic activity (though it is partly metabolized to the estrogenic isoflavone daidzein). Used extensively in Japan, Italy, and Hungary as prescription osteoporosis medication. Mixed clinical evidence; large 4-year IPRI study failed to show fracture reduction and revealed lymphocyte concerns \u2014 limiting current use.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"phytosterols","name":"Phytosterols (Plant Sterols & Stanols)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Phytosterols (plant sterols and stanols) are plant-derived compounds structurally similar to cholesterol that competitively inhibit cholesterol absorption from the intestine. Used as an LDL-reduction agent since the 1950s; FDA-authorized health claim since 2000 (1.3 g/day plant sterols or 3.4 g/day plant stanols reduces CV risk). Strongest evidence: dose-dependent LDL reduction (~9-14% at 2-3 g/day). Major contested area: whether the LDL reduction translates to reduced cardiovascular events or mortality \u2014 the question remains genuinely unresolved despite 60+ years of use.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"pregnenolone","name":"Pregnenolone","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Pregnenolone is a steroid hormone precursor \u2014 synthesized from cholesterol in adrenals, gonads, and brain. Often called the 'mother of all steroid hormones' as it serves as precursor to: progesterone, cortisol, aldosterone, DHEA, testosterone, estrogens. Used in some integrative protocols for cognitive function, mood, and 'adrenal support' in perimenopause/menopause. Critical: hormone precursor, not 'just a supplement' \u2014 has hormonal effects requiring caution.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Men's Health","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"citrulline-malate","name":"Citrulline Malate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Citrulline malate is a 1:1 or 2:1 ratio of L-CITRULLINE and malate (malic acid) \u2014 used extensively in performance and bodybuilding contexts. Citrulline raises arginine and nitric oxide; malate participates in the Krebs cycle and may reduce muscle fatigue. Original 1980s European research marketed it for 'asthenia' (physical fatigue and weakness); modern use is primarily for exercise performance, muscle pumps, and reducing post-exercise soreness.","categories":["Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"creatine-hcl","name":"Creatine HCL","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Creatine bound to hydrochloric acid (creatine hydrochloride) \u2014 a salt form of creatine introduced primarily for its much higher water solubility (~38x more soluble than monohydrate) and marketing claims of better absorption requiring lower doses. Contains roughly 78% creatine by molecular weight (vs ~87% in monohydrate). Despite extensive marketing claims of superior bioavailability and effectiveness, head-to-head clinical trials at matched doses have consistently found no advantage over monohydrate for strength, body composition, or hormonal outcomes. The honest framing: creatine HCL works (because creatine works), but it works the same as much-cheaper monohydrate. Reasonable choice for users who experience GI discomfort with monohydrate or strongly prefer better solubility \u2014 otherwise monohydrate remains the higher-evidence, higher-value option.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"creatine-monohydrate","name":"Creatine Monohydrate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Creatine monohydrate is the most-researched and most-validated form of creatine, with 500+ studies confirming its effects on strength, power, and muscle mass. It's a nitrogen-containing organic acid synthesized in the liver and kidney and obtained from meat and fish \u2014 typical omnivores get 1-2 g/day from diet, with about 95% of body creatine stored in skeletal muscle. Supplementation increases muscle phosphocreatine 20-40%, enabling faster ATP regeneration during short-duration high-intensity exercise. Beyond athletics, evidence supports cognitive benefits (especially under stress or in vegetarians), bone density preservation in postmenopausal women with resistance training, and modest neuroprotective effects. The honest framing: creatine monohydrate is one of the most evidence-supported supplements available, with consistent benefits across populations and decades of safety data. Almost any other creatine form is sold at a premium without justification.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":9},{"id":"vinpocetine","name":"Vinpocetine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vinpocetine is a semi-synthetic derivative of vincamine \u2014 an alkaloid from periwinkle (Vinca minor). Developed in Hungary in the 1970s as prescription drug for cerebrovascular disorders (Cavinton\u00ae). Historically prescribed in Eastern Europe and parts of Asia for cerebrovascular disorders; these uses are not recognized by US/Western regulators. Availability issues: FDA notified manufacturers in 2019 that vinpocetine doesn't meet dietary supplement criteria (not a vitamin, mineral, herb in dietary form, etc.); enforcement variable. Pregnancy absolutely contraindicated.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"huperzine-a","name":"Huperzine A","latinName":"Huperzia serrata","shortDescription":"Huperzine A is a sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from Chinese club moss (Huperzia serrata) \u2014 used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries as 'qian ceng ta'. Distinguished by being a potent, selective, reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor \u2014 same fundamental mechanism as Alzheimer's drugs (donepezil, rivastigmine). Used in China as prescription drug for Alzheimer's; sold as supplement in US for cognitive support. Critical: drug-like potency at supplemental doses; warrants similar caution to prescription AChE inhibitors.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"gotu-kola","name":"Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)","latinName":"Centella asiatica","shortDescription":"Gotu kola is a small herbaceous plant native to Asia and Africa \u2014 used in Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Indonesian healing systems for over 2,000 years for wound healing, cognitive support, and longevity. Distinguished by triterpene saponins (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid) which support collagen synthesis, microcirculation, and have neuroprotective effects. Modern uses include chronic venous insufficiency, scar healing, anxiety, and cognitive function.","categories":["Cognitive","Hair, Skin & Nails","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"stevia","name":"Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana)","latinName":"Stevia rebaudiana","shortDescription":"Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is a South American plant whose leaves contain steviol glycosides (rebaudioside A, stevioside) \u2014 natural high-intensity sweeteners ~200-300\u00d7 sweeter than sucrose with zero calories. Used in Paraguay/Brazil for centuries; FDA approved as 'Generally Recognized as Safe' (GRAS) for purified rebaudiosides since 2008. Strongest claim: glycemic neutrality \u2014 no significant blood glucose or insulin response. Major recent concern: WHO 2023 non-sugar sweetener guidance recommending against use for weight control. Modern formulations vary substantially \u2014 pure stevia tastes bitter to many; commercial products are blends with erythritol or other bulking agents.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"erythritol","name":"Erythritol","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Erythritol is a 4-carbon sugar alcohol (polyol) \u2014 about 60-70% as sweet as sucrose with essentially zero calories. Naturally produced via yeast fermentation of corn-derived glucose and found at low levels in fruits and fermented foods. It's the most-tolerated polyol due to its small molecule size \u2014 about 95% absorbed in the small intestine, then excreted unchanged in urine. The major recent concern: a Nature Medicine study reported a strong observational association between blood erythritol levels and major adverse cardiovascular events, plus follow-up evidence of acute platelet activation in healthy volunteers given a single 30 g dose. Industry has challenged the clinical significance, noting the doses tested exceeded typical food exposure and that erythritol is endogenously produced in metabolic disease (a partial confounder). The honest framing: erythritol remains FDA-approved and within acceptable daily intake at typical exposure, but the cardiovascular findings warrant attention \u2014 concentrated daily use (multiple sweetened beverages, keto-baked-goods stacking) may carry uncertain risk pending more research.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"xylitol","name":"Xylitol","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar alcohol (polyol) that occurs naturally in birch bark, corn cobs, and many fruits and vegetables. Used commercially as a sweetener (about equal sweetness to sucrose, about 40% fewer calories) since the 1960s. Strongest established benefits: dental caries prevention and acute otitis media prevention in children. Major emerging caveat: observational analyses have linked elevated blood xylitol to cardiovascular events, along with acute platelet activation in healthy volunteers, though clinical significance remains debated. Critical safety note: severely toxic to dogs (potentially lethal at small doses).","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"sucralose","name":"Sucralose","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sucralose (marketed as Splenda\u00ae) is a chlorinated sucrose derivative - about 600 times sweeter than sugar with zero calories. FDA-approved as a general-purpose sweetener since 1999 and used widely in beverages, baked goods, and pharmaceutical formulations. Its primary commercial advantage is heat stability for cooking applications, unlike aspartame. Recent research has surfaced concerns: trials showing effects on gut microbiome composition and glucose tolerance in some users; toxicology work finding genotoxic effects from sucralose-6-acetate (a contaminant and heat/digestion byproduct); and a WHO conditional recommendation against using non-sugar sweeteners for weight control based on systematic review showing no long-term weight benefit. The honest framing: sucralose remains FDA-approved and within acceptable daily intake at typical exposure, but emerging research and updated WHO guidance suggest preferring water, unsweetened beverages, or whole-food alternatives where possible.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"apple-cider-vinegar","name":"Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is fermented apple juice \u2014 Saccharomyces yeasts ferment sugars to alcohol; Acetobacter bacteria ferment alcohol to acetic acid (typically 5-6%). Used traditionally for centuries; modern popularity surged with health/wellness trend. Distinguished by 'mother' (Acetobacter culture remnants) in unfiltered ACV. Modest evidence for postprandial glucose attenuation and weight management; extensive folk medicine claims often unsupported. Critical: dental enamel erosion and esophageal damage from undiluted intake.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"fish-oil","name":"Fish Oil (EPA + DHA)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Oil from oily fish (anchovy, sardine, mackerel, herring, salmon) \u2014 the most studied source of marine long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. Concentrated supplements typically use small fish for lower mercury content. Strongest evidence: triglyceride reduction at pharmaceutical doses (\u22653 g/day combined EPA+DHA). Cardiovascular event reduction is contested: high-dose pure EPA showed a 25% relative risk reduction, but EPA+DHA trials found no benefit \u2014 and the placebo choice (mineral vs. corn oil) remains unresolved. Both trials found increased atrial fibrillation.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"krill-oil","name":"Krill Oil","latinName":"Euphausia superba","shortDescription":"Krill oil is extracted from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) \u2014 small shrimp-like crustaceans that are foundation of Southern Ocean food web. Distinguished from fish oil by EPA/DHA bound to phospholipids (rather than triglycerides) \u2014 improving bioavailability and tissue uptake. Also contains naturally-occurring astaxanthin (red carotenoid antioxidant). Higher cost than fish oil; smaller per-capsule EPA/DHA content; better tolerability and absorption claims. Sustainability and ecosystem concerns about Antarctic krill harvesting.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"algal-oil-dha","name":"Algal Oil DHA (Vegan Omega-3)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Omega-3 oil produced by fermentation of marine microalgae (most commonly Schizochytrium sp., a thraustochytrid; sometimes Crypthecodinium cohnii) \u2014 the only practical source of preformed EPA and DHA suitable for vegans, vegetarians, and people with fish or shellfish allergies. Cultivated in closed fermentation tanks (similar to brewing), free of mercury, PCBs, and other marine contaminants. Most commercial products are DHA-predominant; newer EPA+DHA combinations are increasingly available. Head-to-head trials find DHA and EPA bioavailability from microalgal oil non-inferior to fish oil. Plant-derived ALA (flax, chia, walnut) converts to EPA and DHA so inefficiently in humans (<5% to EPA, <0.5% to DHA) that it cannot replace direct EPA/DHA intake.","categories":["Cognitive","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"cod-liver-oil","name":"Cod Liver Oil","latinName":"Gadus morhua","shortDescription":"Oil extracted from the liver of cod (primarily Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua) \u2014 distinguished from regular fish oil by significant vitamin A and vitamin D content (in addition to EPA and DHA). Traditional supplement used for centuries in Northern European populations to prevent rickets and provide omega-3s during winter. Modern cod liver oil concentrations are standardized; some products are vitamin A/D-reduced. Critical safety: significant vitamin A and D content requires careful dose management. Cumulative retinol toxicity risk at chronic high doses (liver damage, paradoxical bone weakening, headaches, hair loss, dry skin). Vitamin A teratogenicity makes cod liver oil controversial in pregnancy \u2014 modern US/UK recommendation is to avoid in pregnancy and use fish oil + separate vitamin D instead.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Bone Health","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"hemp-seed-oil","name":"Hemp Seed Oil","latinName":"Cannabis sativa","shortDescription":"Hemp seed oil is cold-pressed oil from hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L., low-THC industrial hemp). Distinguished from fish oils by being plant-based with balanced omega fatty acid profile (~3:1 omega-6 to omega-3 ratio \u2014 favorable compared to most plant oils). Contains ALA (alpha-linolenic acid, plant omega-3) and GLA (gamma-linolenic acid, omega-6). Not a high-DHA source \u2014 ALA conversion to DHA is poor. Distinct from CBD oil (cannabinoids) \u2014 hemp seed oil contains minimal cannabinoids. Used for nutrition, skincare, and cooking (not high-heat).","categories":["Cardiovascular","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"borage-oil","name":"Borage Oil (Starflower Oil)","latinName":"Borago officinalis","shortDescription":"Borage oil is cold-pressed from borage seeds (Borago officinalis, also known as 'starflower') \u2014 distinguished as having the highest known concentration OF gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, ~20-26%) of any commercial plant oil, surpassing evening primrose (~9%) and black currant (~15%). Used for atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, premenstrual syndrome, and other conditions where GLA's anti-inflammatory effects are sought. Critical: contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) \u2014 hepatotoxic; reputable products are PA-tested/certified PA-free.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"black-currant-oil","name":"Black Currant Seed Oil","latinName":"Ribes nigrum","shortDescription":"Black currant seed oil is cold-pressed from black currant seeds (Ribes nigrum) \u2014 distinguished from other GLA-containing oils by providing both GLA (gamma-linolenic acid, omega-6) and SDA (stearidonic acid, omega-3) \u2014 the only common plant oil with this combination. SDA is more efficiently converted to EPA than ALA (~20-30% conversion vs <5% for ALA). 'Cassis' in French. Used for similar GLA applications as borage and evening primrose, plus modest omega-3 contribution.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"fos","name":"FOS (Fructo-Oligosaccharides)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are short-chain fructans \u2014 prebiotic fibers consisting of 2-9 fructose units (with terminal glucose). Found naturally in: chicory root, Jerusalem artichokes, agave, onions, garlic, asparagus, bananas, and various plants. Commercially produced from sucrose (transfructosylation) or chicory root. Distinguished from inulin by shorter chain length (FOS DP 2-9; inulin DP 2-60). Selectively fermented by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus to produce short-chain fatty acids and support gut health.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"gos","name":"GOS (Galacto-Oligosaccharides)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic fibers consisting of 2-8 galactose units with terminal glucose \u2014 produced enzymatically from lactose. Found naturally in human breast milk (as part of HMOs \u2014 human milk oligosaccharides, complex fingerprint), and in small amounts in some legumes. Commercially produced from cow's milk lactose using \u03b2-galactosidase. Distinguished as more bifidogenic than FOS in some studies, particularly for infant microbiome applications (basis for inclusion in many infant formulas).","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"methylene-blue","name":"Methylene Blue (Methylthioninium Chloride)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Methylene blue is a synthetic phenothiazine dye first synthesized in 1876 \u2014 used as histological stain (1880s) and as prescription medication for methemoglobinemia, urinary tract infections (historical), and ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy. Recently popularized as 'biohacking' supplement for cognition, mitochondrial function, and longevity. Critical cautions: drug-like compound with significant interactions (serotonin syndrome with SSRIs/MAOIs); can cause severe tissue staining; pharmaceutical-grade vs aquarium-grade purity differences are LIFE-THREATENING; G6PD deficiency contraindication.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"affron","name":"Affron\u00ae (Standardized Saffron Extract)","latinName":"Crocus sativus","shortDescription":"Affron\u00ae (Pharmactive Biotech) is a standardized saffron stigma extract \u2014 Crocus sativus L. \u2014 quantified to \u22653.5% Lepticrosalides (a proprietary mixture of safranal, crocins, and picrocrocin). It has strong clinical evidence in nutraceutical-grade saffron: subclinical depression and low mood, adolescent/youth anxiety, and supportive use alongside ongoing care in adults with persistent low mood. Saffron is among the best-evidenced botanicals studied for mood support, with several good-quality human RCTs. Pharmactive's Affron\u00ae is the most-studied branded saffron extract globally.","categories":["Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"broccoli-extract-glucoraphanin","name":"Broccoli Extract (Glucoraphanin)","latinName":"Brassica oleracea italica","shortDescription":"Broccoli extract is concentrated extract from broccoli sprouts, seeds, or mature broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica) standardized to glucoraphanin. Glucoraphanin is the inactive precursor; the enzyme myrosinase converts it to sulforaphane, the bioactive isothiocyanate responsible for clinical effects. Broccoli sprouts contain 20-100x more glucoraphanin than mature broccoli. Sulforaphane is a potent activator of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway, the master regulator of cellular antioxidant and phase II detoxification gene expression. Strong mechanism evidence; clinical translation is mixed across T2D markers, H. pylori, autism behavioral effects, and chemoprevention.","categories":["Antioxidant","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"fibalance","name":"Fibalance\u00ae (Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Fibalance\u00ae is a partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) prebiotic fiber developed by ZymeBase / ECA Healthcare \u2014 derived from guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). Distinguished by Low FODMAP certified status by Monash University, ~85% soluble dietary fiber content, and gentler GI tolerability than fermentable prebiotics like FOS/inulin. Used for IBS-friendly fiber supplementation, microbiome support, and constipation/regularity in those who can't tolerate other prebiotics.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sunfiber","name":"Sunfiber\u00ae (Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sunfiber\u00ae is the original and most extensively clinically-studied partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) \u2014 manufactured by Taiyo International (Japan, founded 1946). Same core ingredient as Fibalance\u00ae but with more extensive clinical research history, established Low FODMAP and Monash certification, regulatory approvals globally (US GRAS, EU Novel Food, Japan FOSHU), and used in major medical nutrition products. Used in pediatric, geriatric, IBS, hospital nutrition, and consumer fiber products worldwide.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"baobab","name":"Baobab Fruit Powder (Adansonia digitata)","latinName":"Adansonia digitata","shortDescription":"Baobab is the fruit of the iconic African baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) \u2014 known as the 'tree of life' for its longevity (some trees over 1,000 years old) and nutrient-dense fruit pulp. Distinguished by extremely high soluble fiber content (~50% by weight), high vitamin C (10\u00d7 orange equivalent), high antioxidant activity, and significant calcium/magnesium/potassium. Naturally dehydrates inside hard pod \u2014 fruit pulp is collected as dry powder requiring no processing. FDA GRAS as 'baobab dried fruit pulp'. Used as fiber supplement, smoothie ingredient, prebiotic, and superfood.","categories":["Antioxidant","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cactinea","name":"Cactinea\u00ae (Prickly Pear / Opuntia ficus-indica)","latinName":"Opuntia ficus-indica","shortDescription":"Cactinea\u00ae is a standardized prickly pear fruit extract (Opuntia ficus-indica) developed by Nexira (France), using organic cactus fruit sustainably sourced from Tunisia. In an unpublished manufacturer (Nexira) study it was associated with increased urinary water elimination and a reduced sensation of heavy, swollen legs; these findings have not been independently published. It is not a fat-loss ingredient and the published meta-analysis of Opuntia ficus-indica found no significant effect on body weight. Proposed mechanism: betalain antioxidants and saponins proposed to support normal fluid balance. Positioned for temporary water balance and a reduced sensation of heavy legs rather than fat loss.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"carolean","name":"Carolean\u2122 (Carob & Nopal Appetite Control)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Carolean\u2122 is a synergistic proprietary complex of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) and nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) developed by Nexira (France) for appetite control and weight management. Patent-pending formulation. Distinguished by rapid satiety mechanism (~70% viscosity achieved within 15 minutes of ingestion based on in vitro viscosity measurements), a 47% reduction in food intake reported in a 2024 animal (in vivo) study (not yet confirmed in humans), and synergistic action via gastric emptying delay. Used in weight management food supplements.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cognivia","name":"Cognivia\u2122 (Garden + Spanish Sage Cognitive)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Cognivia\u2122 is a sage-based cognitive ingredient from Nexira (France) combining garden sage (Salvia officinalis) leaf extract with encapsulated Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulifolia) essential oil. Two RCTs support working memory, reaction time, and reduced perceived exertion benefits at the standard 600 mg/day dose.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"enostim","name":"EnoSTIM\u2122 (Apple-Grape-Saffron for Male Sexual Health)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"EnoSTIM\u2122 is a proprietary synergistic formulation developed by Nexira (France) for male sexual health \u2014 combining apple polyphenols, grape polyphenols, and saffron extract. Distinguished by NutraIngredients 'Ingredient of the Year' award (Healthy Aging category), 4-week clinical study showing 74% of men 45+ improved hardness scores, eNOS activation mechanism (up to 50% blood flow increase), and 74% reduction in oxidative stress. Used as natural alternative or adjunct for male sexual function, particularly for older men.","categories":["Men's Health","Libido Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"exocyan","name":"Exocyan\u2122 (Cranberry Extract for UTI)","latinName":"Vaccinium macrocarpon","shortDescription":"Exocyan\u2122 is Nexira's (France) standardized cranberry extract (Vaccinium macrocarpon) \u2014 distinguished by exceptionally high standardization (up to 90% PACs by Bate-Smith method, 20% PACs by BL-DMAC), a proprietary universal authentication method to verify identity vs adulteration with cheaper grape pomace or peanut skin extracts, and dosing options that meet the FDA's 2020 cranberry Qualified Health Claim threshold (500 mg fruit powder/day) for recurrent UTI risk reduction in healthy women. Backed by clinical trial evidence and a Cochrane evidence synthesis. Available in organic and solvent-free grades.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"fibregum","name":"Fibregum\u2122 (Prebiotic Acacia Gum)","latinName":"Acacia senegal / Acacia seyal","shortDescription":"Fibregum\u2122 is a prebiotic acacia gum developed by Nexira (France) \u2014 distinguished by 90%+ soluble dietary fiber content, 125+ years of Nexira African acacia sourcing, exceptional digestive tolerance (better than FOS/inulin), and clean label positioning. Acacia gum is harvested as natural exudate from acacia tree stems and branches \u2014 sustainable, non-destructive harvesting. Used for fiber enrichment in foods/beverages/supplements with minimal sensory impact (odorless, colorless, tasteless in solution).","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"flexigo","name":"Flexigo\u2122 (Devil's Claw Joint Health)","latinName":"Harpagophytum procumbens","shortDescription":"Flexigo\u2122 is a standardized Devil'S claw extract (Harpagophytum procumbens, also Harpagophytum zeyheri) from Southern Africa \u2014 developed by Nexira (France) as natural joint health solution. Distinguished by standardized harpagoside content up to 20% (HPLC method), 100% Devil's Claw (carrier-free), sustainable wild-harvest sourcing from Southern African partnerships, and EFSA pending claims for joint health. Used for joint comfort, mobility, and flexibility, particularly in active people and aging populations.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"hepure","name":"Hepure\u2122 (Clove + Immortelle Liver Detox)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Hepure\u2122 is an organic clove (Syzygium aromaticum) + immortelle/helichrysum (Helichrysum italicum) extract from Nexira (France), positioned for liver health and detoxification. Evidence is primarily in vitro liver-cell antioxidant and nutrigenomic data; human clinical trials on the finished ingredient have not been published.","categories":["Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"id-alg","name":"ID-alG\u2122 (Ascophyllum Brown Seaweed for Weight Management)","latinName":"Ascophyllum nodosum","shortDescription":"ID-alG\u2122 is a standardized brown seaweed extract from Ascophyllum nodosum (Atlantic brown algae) developed by Nexira (France), designed to limit fat and sugar storage via marine-polyphenol (phlorotannin) inhibition of the digestive enzymes lipase and \u03b1-amylase. Manufacturer-sponsored data suggest weight loss with body-composition improvements (reduced fat mass, lower HbA1c), while independent published human studies of Ascophyllum extracts show more modest metabolic effects. Traditionally marketed for women 45+; harvested from North Atlantic coasts and processed in France.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"immunell","name":"Immunell\u2122 (Nucleotides + Prebiotic Acacia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Immunell\u2122 is a unique formulation developed by Nexira (France) \u2014 combining 60% nucleotides (the highest purity nucleotide ingredient on the market) with prebiotic acacia gum carrier. Distinguished by being source for ALL four semi-essential nucleotides (Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil), supporting cellular regeneration during high-demand states (illness, intensive growth, recovery, GI cellular turnover). Naturally found in foods and breast milk. Used for immune support, gut barrier reinforcement, and post-illness recovery.","categories":["Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"inavea-baobab-acacia","name":"inavea\u2122 BAOBAB ACACIA","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"inavea\u2122 baobab acacia is an ALL-NATURAL organic synergistic prebiotic formulation developed by Nexira (France) \u2014 combining baobab (Adansonia digitata) and acacia gum, two African 'tree of life' ingredients. Distinguished by SHIME\u00ae gut model demonstrated synergistic prebiotic effect at 5 g/day (lower than baobab alone at 10 g/day), carbon neutral footprint (first carbon neutral acacia ingredient), 2021 World Food Innovation Awards finalist, and unique combination of Baobab fiber + Acacia gum prebiotic effect.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"inavea-carob-acacia","name":"inavea\u2122 CAROB ACACIA","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"inavea\u2122 carob acacia is an ALL-NATURAL organic synergistic prebiotic formulation developed by Nexira (France) \u2014 combining carob (Ceratonia siliqua) galactomannan and acacia gum arabinogalactan. Distinguished by ex vivo demonstrated boosted microbiota diversity (increased Community Modulation Score) at 5 g/day, full-spectrum colonic fermentation across entire intestine via different fiber structures, promotion of 29+ species of beneficial bacteria, and carbon neutral organic certification. Used to fortify nutritional powders, functional snacks, and shots.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"inavea-cinnamon-acacia","name":"inavea\u2122 CINNAMON ACACIA","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"inavea\u2122 cinnamon acacia is an organic synergistic formulation developed by Nexira (France) \u2014 combining cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum / cassia) and acacia gum for metabolic health applications. Studied in an animal (in vivo) high-fat/high-sucrose dysbiosis model, where it was associated with improved glucose and insulin markers and prebiotic activity at 5 g/day; human efficacy trials of the blend itself have not yet been published, increased short-chain fatty acid (propionate and butyrate) production reported in in-vitro fermentation of its acacia component, and carbon neutral organic certification. Combines cinnamon's polyphenols (PACs) with acacia's prebiotic fiber for dual mechanism metabolic support.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bloomease","name":"BloomEase\u2122 (Yarrow + Marine Magnesium for PMS)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BloomEase\u2122 is a yarrow (Achillea millefolium) + marine magnesium combination from Nexira (France), launched in 2026 for PMS support. Specific dose and trial design have not been published in peer-reviewed literature.","categories":["Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"hydrocurc","name":"HydroCurc\u00ae (Highly Bioavailable Curcumin)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"HydroCurc\u00ae is a highly bioavailable curcumin extract developed by Saanroo (formerly Gencor Pacific) \u2014 using the LipiSperse\u00ae cold-water-dispersible delivery technology. Distinguished by 1.84\u00d7 greater bioavailability than standard curcumin (per published study), 100% natural, water-dispersible (functions in beverages and aqueous formulations without need for fats/oils). Used for inflammation, joint health, post-exercise recovery, cognitive function, and metabolic applications. Differentiated from other curcumin technologies by water-dispersible delivery.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"testofen","name":"Testofen\u00ae (Fenugreek for Male Vitality)","latinName":"Trigonella foenum-graecum","shortDescription":"Testofen\u00ae is a standardized fenugreek seed extract developed by Saanroo (formerly Gencor Pacific) \u2014 distinguished by Fenuside\u2122 furostanol saponin standardization. Used for male sexual desire, free testosterone support, lean body mass, and resistance training performance. Multiple RCTs including 12-week studies in men 43-70 years and 8-week resistance training studies showed strength, body composition, and androgenic effects. Female counterpart is Libifem\u00ae.","categories":["Men's Health","Testosterone","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"slimaluma","name":"Slimaluma\u00ae (Caralluma fimbriata for Appetite)","latinName":"Caralluma fimbriata","shortDescription":"Slimaluma\u00ae is a standardized caralluma fimbriata extract developed by Saanroo (formerly Gencor Pacific) \u2014 derived from a succulent traditionally used as appetite suppressant by tribal hunters in India. Distinguished by FDA letter of no objection for meal replacement products, US patent protection, multiple RCTs showing waist circumference reduction. Used for weight management, particularly appetite control.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"libifem","name":"Libifem\u00ae (Fenugreek for Female Libido)","latinName":"Trigonella foenum-graecum","shortDescription":"Libifem\u00ae is the SAME standardized fenugreek seed extract as Testofen\u00ae (Fenuside\u2122 furostanol saponins) \u2014 branded by Saanroo (formerly Gencor Pacific) for female libido and sexual function. Distinguished by RCT in 80 healthy menstruating women showing improved sexual vitality, desire, orgasm via DISF-SR questionnaire. One of few clinically-validated natural options for healthy female libido.","categories":["Women's Health","Libido Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"genopause","name":"Genopause\u00ae (Four-Herb Ayurvedic Menopause Support \u2014 Saanroo)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Genopause\u00ae is Saanroo's (formerly Gencor) patented four-herb Ayurvedic blend for menopausal symptom support \u2014 a non-estrogenic formula combining four traditional Indian herbs: Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), and Commiphora mukul (Guggul). Distinguished from phytoestrogen-based menopause supplements (soy isoflavones, red clover) by its adaptogenic-modulator approach rather than direct estrogen receptor agonism. The 1990s-2000s saw little new research in menopause supplements outside phytoestrogens \u2014 Genopause was positioned to fill that gap. Clinical dose: 750 mg/day in the pivotal Australian trial.","categories":["Women's Health","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ageprost","name":"AGEprost\u00ae (Ageratum conyzoides Aerial Extract)","latinName":"Ageratum conyzoides L. \u2014 Asteraceae (Tropical whiteweed / Goat weed / Billygoat weed)","shortDescription":"AGEprost\u00ae is a hydroalcoholic aerial extract of Ageratum conyzoides (Tropical whiteweed) developed by Gencor (now Saanroo Health Sciences). At 250 mg/day, a placebo-controlled trial reported reduced International Prostate Symptom Score and decreased daytime and nighttime urinary frequency. Self-affirmed GRAS; Health Canada-approved prostate health claims (2021).","categories":["Men's Health","Prostate Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"tesnor","name":"Tesnor\u00ae (Pomegranate + Cocoa Testosterone Support \u2014 Saanroo)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Tesnor\u00ae is Saanroo's (formerly Gencor) patented testosterone support ingredient \u2014 a 4:1 blend of pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit rind and cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seed extracts, standardized to \u22653.5% punicalagins and \u22650.5% theobromine. Originally developed at Laila Nutraceuticals R&D as LN18178. Backed by three published clinical trials in young, middle-aged, and aging men plus in-vitro mechanism work. Dual mechanism: stimulates Leydig cell testosterone production via CYP17A1 activation and inhibits aromatase (the enzyme converting testosterone to estrogen). Clinical doses: 200-400 mg/day. Free from banned substances \u2014 suitable for athletes.","categories":["Men's Health","Libido Support","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"activamp","name":"ActivAMP\u00ae (Gynostemma pentaphyllum AMPK Activator \u2014 Saanroo)","latinName":"Gynostemma pentaphyllum","shortDescription":"ActivAMP\u00ae is Saanroo's (formerly Gencor) branded Gynostemma pentaphyllum (jiaogulan) leaf extract, standardized to gypenoside saponins and clinically shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the 'master metabolic regulator' also activated by exercise. Notable as the first nutraceutical-industry trial to demonstrate human AMPK activation via muscle biopsy. Two applications backed by RCTs: weight management and aerobic exercise performance. Clinical dose: 450 mg/day. Supplied by Gencor/BTC Corporation (Korea).","categories":["Metabolic Health","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"gencinia","name":"Gencinia\u00ae (Coccinia indica / Ivy Gourd Blood Sugar Support \u2014 Saanroo)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Gencinia\u00ae is Saanroo's (formerly Gencor) branded extract of Coccinia indica (also known as Coccinia cordifolia, Coccinia grandis, ivy gourd, or baby watermelon) \u2014 a tropical vine in the Cucurbitaceae family long used as a vegetable and traditional diabetes treatment in India and Southeast Asia. The extract is 15\u00d7 stronger than the dried herb. Mechanism: inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), a key liver enzyme in blood sugar metabolism. Clinical trials show significant improvements in fasting and post-prandial blood glucose at 1 g/day over 12 weeks in prediabetic adults. Distinct from Garcinia cambogia despite the similar-sounding name.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"verisperse","name":"VeriSperse\u00ae (Stabilized Astaxanthin)","latinName":"Haematococcus pluvialis","shortDescription":"VeriSperse\u00ae is a stabilized, bioavailable astaxanthin delivery technology developed by Saanroo (formerly Gencor Pacific) \u2014 using LipiSperse\u00ae cold-water-dispersible technology applied to astaxanthin. Distinguished by improved bioavailability and stability of astaxanthin (red carotenoid antioxidant from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae) for water-dispersible formulations. Used for skin health, eye health, exercise recovery, and antioxidant defense.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"calmaluma","name":"Calmaluma\u00ae (Caralluma fimbriata for Stress & Anxiety \u2014 Saanroo)","latinName":"Caralluma fimbriata","shortDescription":"Calmaluma\u00ae is Saanroo's branded Caralluma fimbriata extract positioned specifically for stress and anxiety support \u2014 the same patented extract sold under the Slimaluma\u00ae brand for appetite suppression and weight management. Caralluma fimbriata is an edible succulent native to India, traditionally used by Indian tribal people as an appetite suppressant during times of famine. The active compounds are pregnane glycosides. Clinical dose: 500-1,000 mg/day. Best-evidenced effect is reduction in anxiety and stress in healthy adults over 8 weeks; also shows reductions in cortisol in men. The weight management evidence (under Slimaluma branding) is modest.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"hairage","name":"HairAge\u00ae (Ageratum conyzoides Hair Health Extract \u2014 Saanroo)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"HairAge\u00ae (also marketed as HairAge\u00ae Vitae) is Saanroo's (formerly Gencor) patented oral hair health ingredient derived from Ageratum conyzoides \u2014 a tropical herbal plant commonly known as billygoat weed. Traditionally used in Ayurvedic and African medicine for hair applications, the extract is now backed by both topical and oral clinical trials. Clinical dose: 250 mg/day. Holds a US patent for hair growth, hair loss control, and dandruff. Two distinct mechanisms documented: prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition and type-2 5\u03b1-reductase reduction \u2014 the same enzyme target as finasteride, though much milder.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"4liver","name":"4Liver\u2122 (Terminalia chebula + Sphaeranthus indicus Liver Support \u2014 Saanroo)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"4Liver\u2122 is Saanroo's (formerly Gencor) branded Ayurvedic liver-health ingredient, a patent-pending 2:1 combination of Terminalia chebula (chebulic myrobalan) fruit extract and Sphaeranthus indicus (East Indian globe thistle / billy goat weed flower) extract. Positioned as a novel alternative to milk thistle (silymarin), the long-standard but limited liver health ingredient. Clinical dose: 300 mg/day. In a head-to-head trial, 4Liver outperformed silymarin on multiple liver enzyme and lipid biomarkers. Trademarked CL16049F1; co-developed with Laila Pharmaceuticals.","categories":["Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"dermania","name":"DermaNiA\u00ae (Niacinamide for Skin Health \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"DermaNiA\u00ae is Sabinsa's branded niacinamide (nicotinamide, vitamin B3) for skin health applications. Niacinamide has substantial published evidence for skin applications, primarily via topical use, with multiple RCTs documenting improvements in hyperpigmentation, fine lines, wrinkles, skin barrier function, sebum production, and acne when applied at 2-5% topical concentrations. Oral niacinamide for skin has more limited but notable evidence: a landmark trial showed 500 mg twice daily reduced new non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) incidence by 23% in high-risk patients with prior NMSC history. The clinical oral dose for NMSC prevention is 500 mg twice daily; lower doses (100-500 mg/day) are common in skin-health supplements. Honest framing: oral niacinamide for general skin appearance (anti-aging, hyperpigmentation) has less robust evidence than topical niacinamide, for which topical application is the better-evidenced route. Oral niacinamide's most validated indication is NMSC chemoprevention in high-risk patients.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"trigogen","name":"Trigogen\u00ae (Fenugreek/Trigonelline Glucose Support \u2014 Saanroo)","latinName":"Trigonella foenum-graecum","shortDescription":"Trigogen\u00ae is Saanroo's (formerly Gencor) novel standardized fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extract \u2014 positioned for glucose support via standardization to trigonelline, a plant alkaloid distinct from the saponin-standardized fenugreek extracts (like Testofen) used for testosterone applications. Clinical evidence supports both fasting and post-prandial glucose regulation. Preclinical work shows insulin-sensitizing effects via attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pancreatic \u03b2-cells. Most relevant for early glucose dysregulation and prediabetic adults; addresses a market predicted to grow to $31.42 billion by 2030.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"trpti","name":"Trpti\u2122 (Bioavailable Oleoylethanolamide / OEA \u2014 Saanroo)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Trpti\u2122 (Hindi for 'satisfaction') is Saanroo's branded bioavailable oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous fatty acid amide naturally produced in the small intestine that regulates satiety, lipid metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Powered by LipiSperse\u00ae technology (Pharmako Biotechnologies) for enhanced absorption. Published trials report gut microbiome modulation (Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii enrichment), increased GLP-1 secretion, and intestinal barrier function improvement. Positioned as a natural GLP-1 support alternative to synthetic GLP-1 agonists. Clinical dose: 300 mg/day (delivering 250 mg OEA).","categories":["Weight Management","Gut Health","Metabolic Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bioberb","name":"BioBerb\u00ae (Bioavailable Berberine \u2014 Saanroo)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BioBerb is Saanroo's branded bioavailable berberine formulation, addressing the key clinical limitation of standard berberine: very poor oral bioavailability (generally <1% of an oral dose reaches systemic circulation). Standard berberine is efficacious for blood sugar and cardiometabolic outcomes at 500 mg three times daily (1,500 mg/day total), but this regimen causes GI side effects (diarrhea, abdominal cramping) in many users. BioBerb's enhanced absorption allows lower effective doses and better tolerability, though brand-specific PK and clinical data are limited compared to other enhanced berberine forms like Berbevis phytosome or dihydroberberine. The class evidence for berberine is substantial: berberine at 1,000-1,500 mg/day reduced fasting glucose by 15-20 mg/dL and HbA1c by 0.5-0.7% in T2D and prediabetes, comparable to metformin in some head-to-head trials. Honest framing: berberine's clinical effects are real and robust; enhanced-bioavailability formulations allow lower doses, but the practical advantage over standard berberine taken with meals is modest and brand-specific BioBerb trials are limited.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"abg10-plus","name":"ABG10+\u00ae / ABG+\u00ae (Aged Black Garlic \u2014 Pharmactive)","latinName":"Allium sativum","shortDescription":"ABG10+\u00ae is Pharmactive Biotech Products' branded aged black garlic extract \u2014 a whole raw garlic bulb (Allium sativum L.) aged under controlled temperature and humidity via a Maillard reaction that eliminates the unpleasant garlic sensorial characteristics while increasing antioxidant bioactives. Standardized to Agedgarlides\u00ae (\u22650.12% organosulfur complex), particularly S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) at \u22650.10%. Backed by published RCTs demonstrating blood pressure reduction and lipid profile improvements in hypertensive adults. Sourced from Las Pedro\u00f1eras, Spain \u2014 a region renowned for garlic quality. Clinical dose: 250 mg/day.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"affroneye","name":"AffronEYE\u00ae (Saffron Extract for Eye Health)","latinName":"Crocus sativus","shortDescription":"AffronEYE\u00ae is a standardized saffron extract for eye health developed by Pharmactive Biotech Products (Spain) \u2014 sourced from high-quality Spanish saffron and standardized to 3% crocins (the major saffron carotenoids). Distinguished by FAST absorption (maximum blood concentration in 1.5 hours, faster than lutein/zeaxanthin), water solubility, and specific evidence for early-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Used for AMD, retinal flicker sensitivity, and overall macular health.","categories":["Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"csat-plus","name":"Csat+\u00ae (Carob Extract for Satiety & Metabolic Health \u2014 Pharmactive)","latinName":"Crocus sativus","shortDescription":"Csat+\u00ae is Pharmactive Biotech Products' branded carob (Ceratonia siliqua) extract for weight management \u2014 a NutraIngredients Awards 2020 finalist for Weight Management Ingredient of the Year. Standardized to \u226521.5% Sliminoids\u00ae (a proprietary bioactive complex). Three synergistic mechanisms: galactomannan fiber (\u226520%) for satiety and lipid lowering, inositols (\u22655%) for insulin receptor sensitivity, and gallic acid (\u22650.1%) for antioxidant support. International patent (WO 2019/068466 A1). Despite the similar-sounding name, Csat+ is carob-based, not saffron-based \u2014 Pharmactive's saffron ingredient is Affron\u00ae.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"isenolic","name":"Isenolic\u00ae (Olive Leaf Extract for Cold/Flu \u2014 Pharmactive)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Isenolic\u00ae is Pharmactive Biotech Products' premium olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) extract specifically standardized to elenolic acid (ELA) \u2014 \u22654% by HPLC, with an 8% formulation also available. Distinguished from generic olive leaf extracts (typically standardized to oleuropein) by focusing on ELA, which in laboratory (in vitro) assays inhibits the viral enzyme neuraminidase. In-vitro enzyme inhibition is a mechanistic laboratory finding, not a demonstrated clinical antiviral effect in people, and Isenolic is not a substitute for antiviral medication. Locally sourced from Spain. Backed by in vitro studies showing dose-dependent anti-influenza activity (IC50 65.5 \u00b5g/ml for the 8% formulation). Clinical dose: 150 mg twice daily (300 mg/day) at symptom onset.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"kwd-plus","name":"KWD+\u00ae (Kiwi Fruit Extract for Protein Digestion \u2014 Pharmactive)","latinName":"Actinidia chinensis / Actinidia deliciosa","shortDescription":"KWD+\u00ae is Pharmactive Biotech Products' high-performance kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa) extract for protein digestion and gut motility support. Sourced from traditionally cultured New Zealand kiwi and manufactured in Spain. Standardized to \u22650.15% actinidin (a proteolytic enzyme that breaks down proteins) and \u22650.1% Aktinnamics\u00ae (a proprietary antioxidant phenolic complex). Proprietary technology concentrates the proteolytic enzymes ~5-fold compared to fresh kiwi. Positioned for three demographics: sports enthusiasts, the elderly, and vegetarians/vegans needing better protein utilization. Clinical doses: 300 mg/day for maintenance, 600 mg before heavy meals.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"liboost","name":"Liboost\u00ae (Damiana Extract for Sexual Health \u2014 Pharmactive)","latinName":"Turnera diffusa","shortDescription":"Liboost\u00ae is Pharmactive Biotech Products' standardized damiana (Turnera diffusa) extract, the first formulation positioned for sexual function support in both men and women. It uses 100% damiana leaves sourced from Mexico (where the plant traditionally grows). Standardized to >=1.5% Liboonoides\u00ae bioflavonoids (luteolin glycosides, apigenin glycosides, and aglycone flavones), with 49 phytochemical compounds characterized, among the most chemically defined damiana extracts. Critical positioning point: damiana extracts are among the most adulterated supplements (FDA says 95% of adulterated supplements target sexual enhancement), and Liboost's standardization ensures purity. Clinical dose: 300 mg/day.","categories":["Men's Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"olivactive","name":"Olivactive\u00ae (Olive Leaf Extract for Immune Support \u2014 Pharmactive)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Olivactive\u00ae is Pharmactive Biotech Products' premium olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) extract for broader immune support \u2014 standardized to \u226522.2% Oleuropeosides\u00ae by HPLC (\u226520.2% secoiridoids including \u226520% oleuropein, plus \u22652% bioflavonoids). Distinct from Pharmactive's other olive leaf ingredient Isenolic\u00ae, which is standardized to elenolic acid for cold/flu (neuraminidase inhibition). Olivactive's oleuropein focus provides broader immune support, antimicrobial activity (viruses, bacteria, fungi), and antioxidant effects. Sourced locally in Spain with patented environmentally-sound extraction.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"plasys300","name":"Plasys300\u00ae (Cereal Pollen + \u03b2-Sitosterol for Prostate Health \u2014 Pharmactive)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Plasys300 is Pharmactive Biotech Products' proprietary combination of cereal pollen (chiefly rye pollen) and plant phytosterol beta-sitosterol, targeting men's prostate and bladder health, particularly benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms. Standardized to >=50% phytosterols (as beta-sitosterol) by GC and >=1% essential amino acids by HPLC. The 300 in 'Plasys300' refers to the 300 mg/day clinical dose. In men with nocturia, 88% reported reduced urinary urgency and 90% reported fewer nighttime awakenings. Combines well-evidenced beta-sitosterol (Examine evidence level: 'strong' for BPH) with rye pollen amino acids.","categories":["Prostate Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"xorialyc","name":"Xorialyc\u00ae (Olive Leaf Extract for Skin Inflammation)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Xorialyc\u00ae is a next-generation olive leaf extract developed by Pharmactive Biotech Products (Spain) \u2014 designed for skin inflammation and skin quality applications. Distinguished by activity from luteolin, quercetin, and ortho-diphenols \u2014 inhibits NF-\u03baB, COX-2, and PGE\u2082 inflammatory pathways while providing antioxidant protection. 60-day consumer study (n=50, ages 40-60) at 300 mg/day showed: 74% reduction in redness, 76% reduction in itching, 72% reduction in tightness, ~72% improvement in skin hydration and quality. 80% noticed visible effects. Used for: skin redness, itching, inflammatory skin conditions, beauty-from-within.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"floraglo","name":"FloraGLO\u00ae Lutein (Kemin)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"FloraGLO\u00ae Lutein (Kemin Industries) is the most clinically studied lutein extract \u2014 derived from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta), standardized to free-form lutein (rather than lutein esters) for superior bioavailability. Used as the lutein source in the AREDS2 study (10 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin daily) demonstrating ~10-18% reduction in late AMD progression. Most extensively researched eye-health carotenoid; >100 peer-reviewed studies. Important nuance: AMD progression evidence applies to intermediate AMD; primary prevention in healthy eyes is less established.","categories":["Eye Health","Cognitive","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"neumentix","name":"Neumentix\u00ae (Spearmint Extract \u2014 Kemin)","latinName":"Mentha spicata","shortDescription":"Neumentix\u00ae is the branded standardized spearmint extract from Kemin Industries (Iowa, USA) \u2014 specifically developed and clinically validated for cognitive function support applications. Standardized to \u226514.5% rosmarinic acid and \u226524% total polyphenols with consistent manufacturing standards. Multiple clinical trials specifically using Neumentix\u00ae document cognitive function improvements in older adults (memory, focus, reasoning) and reaction time enhancement in young adults and athletes. The branded standardization addresses the variable polyphenol content issue in generic spearmint extracts. The honest framing: Neumentix\u00ae has trial-grade clinical evidence specifically validating cognitive applications; the brand premium is justified by trial validation and reproducible standardization; generic spearmint extract at unknown polyphenol content is unlikely to produce equivalent cognitive effects.","categories":["Cognitive","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"betavia","name":"BetaVia\u2122 (Euglena gracilis Algae Beta-1,3-Glucan \u2014 Kemin)","latinName":"Euglena gracilis","shortDescription":"BetaVia\u2122 is Kemin's algae-based beta-glucan ingredient derived from a proprietary strain of Euglena gracilis. Distinctive feature: Euglena stores beta-1,3-glucan as paramylon, a crystalline storage polysaccharide found floating free within the cell, unlike yeast or fungal beta-glucans which are cell-wall components. Available in two grades: BetaVia Complete (\u226550% beta-1,3-glucan whole fermentate, also contains \u226515% protein plus vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and PUFAs from the algae) and BetaVia Pure (\u226595% concentrated beta-glucan). Honest framing: solid single-trial evidence in a specific population (endurance-trained adults under exercise immune stress); broader population data is more limited but the immune mechanism (dectin-1 activation) is well-established across beta-glucan sources.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"butishield","name":"ButiShield\u2122 (Encapsulated Calcium Butyrate \u2014 Kemin)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"ButiShield\u2122 is Kemin's encapsulated calcium butyrate supplement using proprietary spray-freezing MicroPEARLS\u2122 technology \u2014 delivering \u226535% butyric acid with sustained, controlled release in the gastrointestinal tract. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid normally produced via gut microbiota fermentation of dietary fibers. MicroPEARLS encapsulation neutralizes butyrate's off-putting odor and overcomes rapid absorption barriers. A published clinical trial in adults with mild GI symptoms found ButiShield 600 mg/day efficacious and well-tolerated. Non-GMO, allergen-free, kosher, halal, vegan.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"dailyzz","name":"DailyZz\u2122 (Spearmint + Green Tea Sleep Nootropic \u2014 Kemin)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"DailyZz is Kemin's proprietary aqueous-extracted blend of sustainably grown spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and green tea (Camellia sinensis), standardized to rosmarinic acid (RA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) combined plus >25% total polyphenolic complex. Designed to support both sleep quality and next-day cognitive performance via GABA/acetylcholine modulation. In healthy adults with sleep complaints, 485 mg DailyZz before bed improved diary sleep quality (p=0.008) and reduced insomnia severity (p=0.044) over a 30-day trial, with only qualitative next-day improvement in vigilant attention, working memory, and risk assessment (no fold- or percentage-change figures reported).","categories":["Sleep Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"optisharp-natural","name":"OPTISHARP\u2122 Natural Zeaxanthin (Kemin/DSM)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"OPTISHARP\u2122 Natural is natural zeaxanthin sourced from marigold flowers \u2014 co-marketed by Kemin and DSM (Kemin's ZeaOne\u00ae source provides the zeaxanthin used in DSM's OPTISHARP\u2122 Natural). Distinguished by natural (not synthetic) source, distinct from many zeaxanthin products which use synthetic forms. Used in eye health formulations, particularly combined with FloraGLO\u00ae Lutein for AREDS2-style protocols.","categories":["Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"macu-lz","name":"Macu-LZ\u2122 (Lutein + Zeaxanthin + Meso-Zeaxanthin Macular Carotenoid Complex)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"Macu-LZ\u2122 is a complete macular carotenoid complex containing all three carotenoids that accumulate in the macula of the eye: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. Most macular supplements contain only lutein + zeaxanthin (the AREDS2 formulation); Macu-LZ adds meso-zeaxanthin, which is the dominant carotenoid in the central macula (fovea) but is not present in significant amounts in the diet \u2014 it's primarily generated in the retina from dietary lutein. The clinical dose is 10 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin + 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin per day. The lutein+zeaxanthin component is supported by the large AREDS2 trial showing reduced progression to advanced AMD when replacing beta-carotene with L+Z; the meso-zeaxanthin component is supported by RCTs showing macular pigment optical density (MPOD) improvements and contrast sensitivity gains. Honest framing: the strongest evidence is in at-risk AMD populations; healthy young people see smaller measurable benefits but the supplementation builds protective macular pigment over time.","categories":["Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zeaone","name":"ZeaONE\u00ae (Natural Zeaxanthin from Marigold)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"ZeaONE\u00ae is the source OF natural zeaxanthin from marigold flowers manufactured by Kemin Industries \u2014 used in DSM's OPTISHARP\u2122 Natural product. Distinguished by RR-zeaxanthin natural form (matching retinal tissue), marigold flower source aligned with FloraGLO\u00ae Lutein. The B2B/business positioning of the same natural zeaxanthin that's in OPTISHARP Natural retail products.","categories":["Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"slendacor","name":"Slendacor\u00ae (Botanical Blend for Weight Management)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Slendacor\u00ae is a proprietary botanical blend developed and marketed by PLT Health Solutions for weight management \u2014 combining Moringa oleifera, Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii), and Turmeric (Curcuma longa). Distinguished by clinical evidence for body weight, BMI, and waist circumference reduction. Used as weight management adjunct supporting healthy diet and lifestyle approach.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ocitum","name":"Ocitum\u2122 / Holixer\u2122 (Holy Basil Tulsi Adaptogen \u2014 Kemin)","latinName":"Ocimum sanctum","shortDescription":"Holixer\u2122 (also marketed as Ocitum\u2122 via Kemin Phyto Extracts) is Kemin's patent-pending hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves and aerial parts of Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum / Tulsi) \u2014 standardized to \u22655% w/w bioactive complex including ursolic acid, eugenol, and rosmarinic acid. Known in Ayurveda as 'the elixir of life,' Tulsi is a rasayana (rejuvenator). In a published RCT, 125 mg twice daily reduced perceived stress by 37% vs 19% with placebo, reduced cortisol up to 36%, improved sleep quality, and buffered stress responses to an acute stressor (lower salivary cortisol, amylase, and blood pressure).","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"meriva","name":"Meriva\u00ae (Curcumin Phytosome \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Meriva\u00ae is a curcumin phytosome\u00ae formulation developed by Indena (Italy) \u2014 using Indena's pioneering Phytosome\u00ae technology that complexes curcumin with phosphatidylcholine for enhanced bioavailability. Distinguished by 29\u00d7 higher curcumin bioavailability vs unformulated curcumin, and one of the most clinically-studied curcumin formulations. Multiple RCTs in osteoarthritis, inflammation, eye health, and metabolic applications. The reference branded curcumin formulation in many published clinical trials.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"mirtoselect","name":"Mirtoselect\u00ae (Standardized Bilberry Extract \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Vaccinium myrtillus","shortDescription":"Mirtoselect\u00ae is Indena's standardized bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) fruit extract, the most-studied branded bilberry ingredient with over 30 published clinical trials. The standardization specifies \u226536% anthocyanins (the anthocyanin-rich purple-violet pigments responsible for bilberry's vascular and ophthalmologic effects) with a specific HPLC fingerprint distinguishing authentic bilberry from cheaper blueberry/other Vaccinium adulterants. Clinical dose: 160-320 mg/day. Primary evidence base is in eye health (dry eye, retinal microcirculation, glaucoma adjunct) and vascular health (capillary fragility, venous insufficiency). Honest framing: bilberry trials are typically small but consistent for eye and vascular endpoints; comparable to or stronger than other branded anthocyanin extracts.","categories":["Eye Health","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"casperome","name":"Casperome\u00ae (Boswellia Phytosome \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Boswellia serrata","shortDescription":"Casperome\u00ae is Indena's phytosome-formulated Boswellia serrata extract \u2014 addressing the major limitation of standard boswellia: poor oral bioavailability of the lipophilic boswellic acids. Casperome complexes boswellia extract with soy lecithin in a 1:1 ratio, improving absorption ~300-400% in pharmacokinetic studies vs unformulated extract. Standardized to \u226525% triterpenoid acids across 11 distinct boswellic acids (rather than just AKBA and KBA). Clinical dose: 250-500 mg/day \u2014 substantially lower than the 1-3 g/day required for unformulated boswellia to achieve similar plasma levels. Pharmacokinetic crossover work in healthy volunteers established the bioavailability advantage with a single 500 mg dose. Multiple clinical studies support joint, gut, and respiratory applications. Honest framing: Casperome's phytosome delivery is genuine pharmaceutical innovation, but the bioavailability advantage doesn't automatically translate to better clinical outcomes than higher-dose unformulated boswellia at all endpoints.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"quercefit","name":"Quercefit\u00ae (Quercetin Phytosome \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Sophora japonica","shortDescription":"Quercefit\u00ae is Indena's (Italy) proprietary Quercetin Phytosome\u00ae \u2014 a 1:1 complex of quercetin with sunflower lecithin that solves quercetin's notorious bioavailability problem (<2% from food). Published human pharmacokinetic data show up to 20-fold greater bioavailability vs unformulated quercetin. Sourced from Sophora japonica L. flower buds and HPLC-standardized to ~40% total quercetin. Backed by human clinical trials in allergic rhinitis, mild asthma, exercise performance, and as a COVID-19 adjuvant. Non-GMO, gluten-free, and vegan.","categories":["Respiratory Health","Antioxidant","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"greenselect-phytosome","name":"Greenselect\u00ae Phytosome (Decaffeinated Green Tea Catechin Phytosome \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"Greenselect\u00ae Phytosome is Indena's phytosome-formulated decaffeinated green tea extract \u2014 addressing the well-documented poor oral bioavailability of green tea catechins (especially EGCG). The phytosome complex with phospholipids more than doubles peak plasma EGCG concentration vs unformulated extract at the same catechin dose. Standardized to \u226513% EGCG and 19-25% total catechins, with \u22640.1% caffeine. Clinical dose: 150 mg twice daily (300 mg/day total). Decaffeinated profile and phytosome bioavailability advantage are the two key differentiators vs standard green tea extracts. Strongest evidence is in weight management as an adjunct to hypocaloric diet, with weight loss roughly 3\u00d7 greater than the hypocaloric diet alone. Honest framing: the bioavailability advantage is real and pharmacokinetically demonstrated; the weight management effect is meaningful but modest, working alongside (not replacing) caloric restriction.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"leucoselect-phytosome","name":"Leucoselect\u00ae Phytosome (Grape Seed Phytosome \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"Leucoselect\u00ae Phytosome is a grape seed extract phytosome\u00ae developed by Indena (Italy) \u2014 using Phytosome\u00ae technology applied to grape seed proanthocyanidins (OPCs). Distinguished by enhanced OPC bioavailability vs standard grape seed extracts. Used for: cardiovascular health, vascular function, antioxidant defense, microcirculation. OPCs are among most-studied flavonoid antioxidants for vascular applications.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"siliphos","name":"Siliphos\u00ae (Silybin Phytosome \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Silybum marianum","shortDescription":"Siliphos\u00ae is a silybin phytosome\u00ae formulation developed by Indena (Italy) \u2014 using Phytosome\u00ae technology applied to silybin (the most active component of milk thistle silymarin complex). Distinguished by ~10\u00d7 higher silybin bioavailability vs standard silymarin, focusing on silybin (vs full silymarin complex) for clinical applications. Used for: liver health, hepatoprotection, fatty liver adjunct, hepatic detoxification support.","categories":["Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ginkgoselect-phytosome","name":"Ginkgoselect\u00ae Phytosome (Ginkgo Phytosome \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Ginkgo biloba","shortDescription":"Ginkgoselect\u00ae Phytosome is a Ginkgo biloba extract phytosome\u00ae developed by Indena (Italy) \u2014 using Phytosome\u00ae technology applied to standardized ginkgo biloba leaf extract. Distinguished by enhanced bioavailability of ginkgo flavonoids and terpenoids, plus pharmaceutical-grade quality. Used for: cognitive function, microcirculation (especially cerebral), peripheral circulation, age-related cognitive support.","categories":["Cognitive","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ubiqsome","name":"Ubiqsome\u00ae (Coenzyme Q10 Phytosome \u2014 Indena)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ubiqsome\u00ae is a coenzyme Q10 phytosome\u00ae formulation developed by Indena (Italy) \u2014 applying Phytosome\u00ae technology to CoQ10 (ubiquinone) to address its notoriously poor bioavailability. CoQ10 is essential for mitochondrial energy production. Distinguished by enhanced absorption vs standard CoQ10 supplements. Used for: cardiovascular health, energy/mitochondrial support, statin-induced CoQ10 depletion adjunct.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Energy","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"opextan","name":"Opextan\u00ae (Verbascoside-Rich Olive Fruit Extract \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Opextan\u00ae is Indena's non-caloric standardized extract of Olea europaea L. (olive) fruit pulp. It is standardized to verbascoside (the most powerful antioxidant in olive oil, 5x more active than typical olive polyphenols) plus hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and isoacteoside. Italian olive varieties are selected by Indena botanists. Self-affirmed GRAS at up to 1,062 mg/day. Clinically tested orally and topically. A registry study at 300 mg/day improved skin water/oil content. A trial showed improved fasting glucose.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"resistaid","name":"ResistAid\u00ae (Larch Arabinogalactan \u2014 Lonza)","latinName":"Larix occidentalis","shortDescription":"ResistAid\u00ae is a standardized larch arabinogalactan ingredient developed by Lonza \u2014 sustainably-sourced from North American larch trees (Larix occidentalis) using a water-based extraction method. Distinguished by clinical evidence for immune support including reduced cold/flu incidence, gut microbiome modulation, and prebiotic effects. Used for: immune system support, gut health, prebiotic fiber, antibody response enhancement.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"l-optizinc","name":"L-OptiZinc\u00ae (Zinc Mono-L-Methionine \u2014 Lonza)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-OptiZinc\u00ae is a zinc MONO-L-METHIONINE chelate developed by Lonza \u2014 distinguished by patented amino acid chelate form an amino acid chelate form; comparative human absorption data are limited and mixed, with some cited evidence showing uptake similar to inorganic zinc. Methionine chelation is proposed to aid absorption, though comparative human data are limited. Used for: immune support, antioxidant defense, skin health, prostate health, and as foundation zinc form in premium supplements.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"chromemate","name":"ChromeMate\u00ae (Niacin-Bound Chromium \u2014 Lonza)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"ChromeMate\u00ae is Lonza's patented oxygen-coordinated niacin-bound chromium (III) complex \u2014 a unique form combining the essential trace mineral chromium with niacin (vitamin B3) for superior bioavailability and bioactivity. ChromeMate has been shown to be 600% more bioavailable than chromium chloride and 300% more bioavailable than chromium picolinate per animal studies. First released in 1987 \u2014 over 35 years of established use, with GRAS status. Clinical studies document fat loss with muscle mass sparing, HbA1c reduction, cholesterol lowering, and blood pressure benefits vs chromium picolinate (which actually caused weight gain in one comparison).","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"zma","name":"ZMA\u00ae (Zinc Magnesium Aspartate \u2014 Lonza)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"ZMA\u00ae is a proprietary zinc magnesium aspartate formula developed by Lonza for sports performance and recovery \u2014 combining zinc monomethionine aspartate, magnesium aspartate, and vitamin B6. Distinguished as the original branded ZMA formulation with research history in athletic populations. Used for: sports recovery, sleep quality in athletes, testosterone support adjunct, and muscle recovery.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Sleep Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"super-citrimax","name":"Super CitriMax\u00ae (Calcium HCA \u2014 Lonza)","latinName":"Garcinia cambogia","shortDescription":"Super CitriMax\u00ae is a calcium hydroxycitric acid (HCA) form developed by Lonza \u2014 patented bioavailable HCA from Garcinia cambogia fruit rind, standardized to 60% HCA. Distinguished from generic Garcinia products by calcium-bound stable form, enhanced bioavailability, and clinical evidence for satiety and weight management. Used for: appetite control, satiety, weight management adjunct.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"oceanix","name":"Oceanix\u2122 (Marine Phytoplankton Recovery Booster \u2014 Lonza)","latinName":"Tetraselmis chuii","shortDescription":"Oceanix\u2122 (also marketed as TetraSOD\u00ae in Europe) is Lonza's sustainably sourced marine phytoplankton ingredient \u2014 100% lyophilized biomass of Tetraselmis chuii strain CCFM 03, a green marine microalgae authorized in the EU as novel food. Grown in controlled outdoor closed photobioreactors. Rich in superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus essential fatty acids, vitamins, amino acids, and minerals. In a published clinical trial in resistance-trained adults, 25 mg/day for 5 weeks improved Perceived Recovery Status and preserved explosive strength (98% vs 68% of baseline). Small daily dose with sustainable credentials.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"muscleguard","name":"MuscleGuard\u2122 (Vegan 4-Nutrient Muscle Blend \u2014 Lonza)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MuscleGuard\u2122 is Lonza's patent-pending vegan ingredient combination \u2014 a clinically-studied ratio of four nutrients: Lonza's Carnipure\u00ae L-Carnitine 1500 mg + L-Leucine 2000 mg + Creatine 3000 mg + Vitamin D3 10 \u00b5g. All vegan-source. In a published trial in healthy older adults without exercise modification, MuscleGuard produced a 63% relative increase in a composite muscle score (mass + strength + activity), with modest absolute gains of about 1.0 kg lean muscle mass and about 1.0 kg leg strength. L-carnitine alone showed no significant effect. This is a single small manufacturer-sponsored trial (n=42).","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bioperine","name":"BioPerine\u00ae (Black Pepper Extract \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":"Piper nigrum","shortDescription":"BioPerine\u00ae is the branded standardized black pepper extract from Sabinsa Corporation (US/India) \u2014 the most clinically researched piperine product with documented bioavailability enhancement data. Standardized to 95% piperine, BioPerine\u00ae is used in essentially every clinical trial documenting piperine's ability to enhance absorption of other compounds. The famous 2,000% curcumin bioavailability enhancement finding used BioPerine\u00ae specifically. Beyond curcumin, validated bioavailability enhancement extends to resveratrol, CoQ10, beta-carotene, selenium, vitamin B6, and various amino acids and minerals. Typical formulation use: 5-10 mg BioPerine\u00ae per dose. The honest framing: the brand premium is justified by quality control and validated standardization \u2014 BioPerine\u00ae specifically appears in the published research that documents piperine's effects. Generic piperine extracts at similar 95% standardization work mechanistically, but BioPerine\u00ae is the form clinical trials have validated.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"boswellin","name":"Boswellin\u00ae / Boswellin\u00ae Super (Standardized Boswellia serrata \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":"Boswellia serrata","shortDescription":"Boswellin\u00ae is Sabinsa's branded Boswellia serrata gum resin extract, available in multiple grades. The flagship Boswellin\u00ae Super is standardized to 30% AKBA (3-acetyl-11-keto-\u03b2-boswellic acid) plus 50-55% total \u03b2-boswellic acids \u2014 providing a multi-bioactive profile rather than just AKBA. Boswellia has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for inflammatory joint conditions for centuries; modern research validates the anti-inflammatory effects via 5-lipoxygenase inhibition. The clinical dose is 100-300 mg twice daily (200-600 mg/day). Pivotal RCTs in knee OA show significant pain and function improvement (including radiographic improvements), with both 150 mg and 300 mg twice-daily doses effective. Honest framing: the human trials cited here are not Boswellin-brand-specific \u2014 they cover a different branded extract (Aflapin, 30 days), a Boswellia-plus-celery (Apium graveolens) combination, and a generic standardized extract \u2014 so the support rests on the Boswellia serrata OA class rather than Boswellin-brand RCTs. That class itself has solid anti-inflammatory evidence for knee OA, competitive with Casperome\u00ae (Indena) and other branded boswellia ingredients.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bacopin","name":"Bacopin\u00ae (Bacopa monnieri Extract \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":"Bacopa monnieri","shortDescription":"Bacopin\u00ae is Sabinsa's branded Bacopa monnieri extract, standardized to \u226520% bacosides by gravimetry. Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for over 2,000 years for cognition, memory, and as a calming adaptogen. Sabinsa's standardization differs from competing brands (BaCognize, CDRI 08): Bacopin uses a different extraction profile and bacoside specification. Typical supplement dose is 100-300 mg/day. The published Bacopa class evidence is moderately positive for memory and learning at 300-450 mg/day, though Bacopin-specific RCTs are fewer than BaCognize-specific trials. Effects typically develop slowly over 8-12 weeks rather than acutely. Honest framing: choose Bacopin for the Sabinsa quality standard and 20% bacoside specification; choose BaCognize for more direct branded clinical trial evidence.","categories":["Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"saberry","name":"Saberry\u00ae (Standardized Amla Extract \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":"Phyllanthus emblica","shortDescription":"Saberry\u00ae is Sabinsa's proprietary, patent-pending extract of fresh Indian Gooseberry fruit (Emblica officinalis / Phyllanthus emblica, commonly known as Amla) \u2014 the only Amla extract standardized to beta-glucogallin (a Gallotannin compound) as the key biomarker. Light-colored powder produced from carefully chosen fresh Amla via a novel process that retains the natural goodness. Self-affirmed GRAS with over a decade of dietary supplement use. Water-soluble with excellent taste profile \u2014 suitable for functional beverages. In a clinical trial in newly-diagnosed diabetics, Saberry at 2 g/day surpassed metformin 500 mg for fasting blood sugar reduction (21.8%).","categories":["Metabolic Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"silbinol","name":"Silbinol\u00ae (Indian Kino Pterostilbene Extract \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":"Pterocarpus marsupium","shortDescription":"Silbinol is Sabinsa's standardized extract from the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium (Indian Kino tree, known as 'Vijayasar' in Hindi/Sanskrit), useful for maintaining healthy blood sugar and cholesterol levels. Pterostilbene is the key bioactive, a dimethylated version of resveratrol but more bioavailable, potent, and metabolically stable. Available in three standardizations: 5%, 30%, or 90% pterostilbene. Also contains (-)-epicatechin (>=0.01%) with documented insulin-like activity. Backed by an ICMR trial of P. marsupium decoction in newly-diagnosed Type 2 diabetics plus a published safety trial of the 90% pterostilbene extract.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"garcitrin","name":"GarCitrin\u00ae (HCA + Garcinol Weight Management Complex \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":"Garcinia cambogia","shortDescription":"GarCitrin\u00ae is Sabinsa's patented (US 7,063,861) weight management ingredient combining hydroxycitric acid (HCA) from Garcinia cambogia with garcinol \u2014 a polyisoprenylated benzophenone from Garcinia indica (kokum). Garcinol enhances the biological action of HCA and contributes antioxidant activity. The combination reduces fatty acid/lipid synthesis and improves lean body mass more effectively than HCA alone. In a published clinical trial, 90% of the GarCitrin group achieved >5% body weight reduction vs 0% in placebo. Part of Sabinsa's weight management portfolio (Citrin, GarCitrin, LeanGard, ForsLean, Fabenol).","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cosmoperine","name":"Cosmoperine\u00ae (Tetrahydropiperine \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":"Piper nigrum","shortDescription":"Cosmoperine\u00ae is a standardized tetrahydropiperine ingredient developed by Sabinsa \u2014 derived from black pepper (Piper nigrum) but distinguished from BioPerine\u00ae by tetrahydropiperine form (saturated piperine derivative). Designed primarily for topical/cosmetic bioavailability enhancement \u2014 increases penetration of co-formulated cosmetic actives through skin. Distinguished cosmeceutical/topical-focused application vs BioPerine's oral bioavailability enhancement. Used for: cosmetic active enhancement, topical penetration support.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"selenoforce","name":"SelenoForce\u00ae (Selenium-Enriched Yeast \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"SelenoForce\u00ae is Sabinsa's branded selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast \u2014 a food-form organic selenium supplement where the selenium has been biosynthetically incorporated into the yeast's amino acids (predominantly selenomethionine, the form selenium takes in dietary foods like Brazil nuts and seafood). Selenomethionine is the most bioavailable form of selenium: a pharmacokinetic study found ~60% absorption vs ~41% for inorganic sodium selenite. The clinical dose is 100-200 mcg/day (elemental selenium equivalent). Selenium is an essential trace element required for ~25 selenoproteins including the glutathione peroxidase family (antioxidant), iodothyronine deiodinases (thyroid T4\u2192T3 conversion), and thioredoxin reductase (redox regulation). RDA: 55 mcg/day; tolerable upper limit: 400 mcg/day. Honest framing: selenium-enriched yeast is a legitimate organic-form upgrade vs inorganic selenite/selenate, but the bioavailability advantage doesn't justify exceeding the 400 mcg/day upper limit \u2014 selenium has a narrow therapeutic window and toxicity (selenosis) can occur at chronic doses above 800 mcg/day.","categories":["Antioxidant","Thyroid Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cococin","name":"Cococin\u00ae (Freeze-Dried Coconut Water \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":"Cocos nucifera","shortDescription":"Cococin\u00ae is Sabinsa's patented freeze-dried (lyophilized) coconut water from tender green Cocos nucifera (US Patent 7,300,682, European Patent EP1341547). Coconuts are harvested at the optimal maturity stage to guarantee growth factor content (shikimic acid, quinic acid, indole-3-acetic acid) plus essential vitamins, amino acids, minerals, and natural electrolytes (potassium, magnesium). Often described as a 'natural isotonic sports drink' with higher electrolytes than conventional alternatives. Featured in Sabinsa's patented hair serum.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Hydration","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"astazine","name":"AstaZine\u00ae (Natural Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis \u2014 BGG)","latinName":"Haematococcus pluvialis","shortDescription":"AstaZine\u00ae is BGG's premium natural astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae \u2014 distinguished as the world'S first organically certified astaxanthin product (Ecocert\u00ae), with the world's purest astaxanthin profile (97% in carotenoid fraction) produced in a fully-closed glass-tube photobioreactor system. Distinguished by 10 human clinical studies, 87 supporting pre-clinical trials, two NDIs filed with US FDA (12mg and 24mg), 239 health claims accepted by FDA without objection, and Self-affirmed GRAS status. The B2B side of Algae Health Sciences (BGG subsidiary). Used for: skin health, eye/visual function, cardiovascular, athletic performance, cognitive support, longevity.","categories":["Antioxidant","Eye Health","Hair, Skin & Nails","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"applephenon","name":"ApplePhenon\u00ae (Apple Polyphenol Extract \u2014 BGG)","latinName":"Malus domestica","shortDescription":"ApplePhenon\u00ae is BGG's proprietary apple polyphenol extract produced from wild unripe apple fruit (central Asia) - standardized to approximately 70% polyphenols with a unique phytochemical profile: 63.8% procyanidins (with characterized dimer-through-polymer fractions), 12.4% flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin), 10.8% hydroxycinnamic acids (including chlorogenic acid), and 6.5% phloretin glucosides (including phloridzin). The clinical dose is 600 mg/day. Human RCTs show decreased visceral fat area, and significant decreases in total cholesterol and LDL plus increased adiponectin. ApplePhenon has also been studied in pediatric atopic dermatitis and UV-induced skin pigmentation. Honest framing: solid clinical evidence base built up over 15+ years; the visceral fat and LDL effects are modest but reproducible, useful as part of a broader metabolic support stack rather than a standalone weight loss intervention.","categories":["Weight Management","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"myrtipro","name":"MyrtiPRO\u00ae (Premium Bilberry Extract \u2014 BGG)","latinName":"Vaccinium myrtillus","shortDescription":"MyrtiPRO\u00ae is a premium bilberry extract (Vaccinium myrtillus) developed by BGG \u2014 distinguished by high anthocyanin standardization, authenticated identity, and quality testing. Sourced from European wild-harvest. Used for: vascular health, eye health (retinal function, contrast sensitivity, dry eye), antioxidant defense. Distinct branded option alongside Indena's Mirtoselect for bilberry applications.","categories":["Eye Health","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lingonmax","name":"LingonMax\u00ae (Patented Lingonberry Extract for Skin + Antioxidant \u2014 BGG World)","latinName":"Vaccinium vitis-idaea","shortDescription":"LingonMax\u00ae is BGG World's patented (WO2009003352) lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) extract from wild-harvested Finnish lingonberries. Distinguished by triple standardization: 10% resveratrol by HPLC, 10% anthocyanins by HPLC, and 35% proanthocyanidins by UV \u2014 one of the most comprehensively standardized lingonberry extracts. ORAC value of 16,000 \u2014 approximately 2\u00d7 higher than European bilberry extract 25%. Clinically shown to revitalize the skin in 8 weeks with effects on skin spots, wrinkles, eye-bags, sensitivity, whitening, smoothness, elasticity, and moisture. Inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase more potently than arbutin. Clinical dose: 150 mg/day.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"prostpalm","name":"Prostpalm\u00ae (Saw Palmetto for Prostate \u2014 BGG)","latinName":"Serenoa repens","shortDescription":"Prostpalm\u00ae is a standardized saw palmetto extract (Serenoa repens) developed by BGG \u2014 distinguished by quality standardization for prostate health applications. Saw palmetto is among the most-recognized and longest-used prostate health botanicals with multiple clinical trials in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Used for: BPH symptoms, prostate health, urinary flow support.","categories":["Men's Health","Prostate Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"thinogen","name":"ThinOgen\u00ae (Fucoxanthin from Brown Seaweed \u2014 BGG)","latinName":"Undaria pinnatifida","shortDescription":"ThinOgen\u00ae is a standardized fucoxanthin extract from brown seaweed developed by BGG \u2014 distinguished by quality standardization for weight management and metabolic applications. Fucoxanthin is a unique marine carotenoid with documented effects on UCP1 thermogenic pathway. Used for: weight management, metabolic health, body fat reduction.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"fucomax","name":"FucoMax\u00ae (Brown Algae Fucoidan for Gut + Immune \u2014 BGG World)","latinName":"Laminaria japonica","shortDescription":"FucoMax\u00ae is BGG World's high-potency, high-quality fucoidan extracted from food-grade brown marine algae (kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, Macrocystis pyrifera). Fucoidan is a fucose-enriched sulfated polysaccharide (avg molecular weight ~20,000 Da) with documented anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects. The primary fucose component is one of eight biological sugars essential for cell-to-cell communication. Sourced from sustainable aquaculture farms with environmentally-conscious processes. Backed by class evidence including cancer patient quality-of-life trials, vaccination antibody response studies, and exercise inflammation research. Clinical dose: 300 mg/day.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"vitosa","name":"Vitosa\u00ae (Next Generation Stevia \u2014 BGG)","latinName":"Stevia rebaudiana","shortDescription":"Vitosa\u00ae is BGG's next-generation stevia ingredient \u2014 distinguished from generic stevia by quality optimization for taste profile and functional applications. Premium stevia for natural sweetener applications. Used for: natural sugar substitute, functional beverage sweetening, low-glycemic formulations.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"glycyrrhizina","name":"Glycyrrhizina (Licorice Flavonoids & Glycyrrhizic Acid \u2014 BGG World)","latinName":"Glycyrrhiza glabra","shortDescription":"Glycyrrhizina is BGG World's comprehensive licorice (Glycyrrhiza species) portfolio \u2014 BGG has been extracting licorice roots since 1995 with 20+ years controlling the entire production chain. Product range includes: licorice extracts (deglycyrrhizinated/DGL or conventional), glycyrrhizic acid derivatives (Mono Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate/MAG, Enoxolone/18-\u03b2-Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate), and licorice flavonoids (Licochalcone A, Glabridin). Licorice has been used medicinally for 4,000+ years in China. Applications span gut/ulcer support (DGL), personal care/skin (Licochalcone A, Glabridin), and immune support.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cyanimax","name":"CyaniMax\u00ae (Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Anthocyanin \u2014 BGG World)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"CyaniMax\u00ae is BGG World's high-purity cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) \u2014 a purified source of C3G, one of the anthocyanin pigments (note: ORAC 'antioxidant strength' rankings were withdrawn by the USDA in 2012 as not indicative of human health benefit and are not used here as an efficacy claim). Sourced from black soybean hulls (Glycine max) from Northeastern China and blackberries \u2014 two complementary natural sources of C3G. The branded material is marketed for eye-health and general metabolic structure/function support; a company patent covers this positioning. Standardized to 35% C3G minimum. A single small industry-associated trial (n=60) reportedly evaluated 300 mg/day for eyesight, but it is not published in the references below and cannot be verified; metabolic-syndrome data come from animal studies, not human trials. Mechanisms span antioxidant, anti-inflammatory (NLRP3/NF-\u03baB inhibition), and SirT1 signaling pathway support.","categories":["Antioxidant","Eye Health","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"longvida","name":"Longvida\u00ae Optimized Curcumin (Verdure Sciences)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Longvida\u00ae is a patented curcumin extract developed by Verdure Sciences using SLCP\u2122 (Solid Lipid Curcumin Particle) technology designed by UCLA neuroscientists. Distinguished by ability to deliver free (UNGLUCURONIDATED) curcumin to brain and target tissues \u2014 bypasses initial hydrolysis. In a small pharmacokinetic study it delivered free (unconjugated) curcumin where equal-dose unformulated curcumin was undetectable in plasma. Brand-specific human clinical evidence is limited (a pharmacokinetic study, two small cognition/mood RCTs from one research group, and one exercise-recovery biomarker trial). Marketed as 'The Cognitive Curcumin of Choice\u00ae'. Studied in small trials for cognitive function and mood and for exercise-recovery muscle-damage biomarkers; retinal health is preliminary. Joint health, oxidative stress, and immune support are marketing categories not established by Longvida-specific human trials.","categories":["Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bacognize","name":"BaCognize\u00ae (Standardized Bacopa monnieri \u2014 Verdure Sciences)","latinName":"Bacopa monnieri","shortDescription":"BaCognize\u00ae is a branded standardized hydroalcoholic extract of Bacopa monnieri (whole herb) from Verdure Sciences. Standardized to bacosides, the principal active triterpenoid saponins. The clinical dose is 300 mg/day (typically 150 mg twice daily). Used in multiple published trials examining cognition, memory, and stress. Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for memory and cognition for over 2,000 years. Honest framing: the small-trial evidence is moderately positive for memory and learning in both healthy adults and older populations, but effects are typically subtle, slow-developing (8-12 weeks for full effect), and the studies are mostly small (n=30-80). Compares directly to Bacopin\u00ae (Sabinsa's competing brand).","categories":["Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"maplifa","name":"Maplifa\u00ae (Red Maple Leaf Skin Extract \u2014 Verdure Sciences)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Maplifa\u00ae is Verdure Sciences' patent-pending phenolic-enriched red maple (Acer rubrum) leaf extract, standardized to ginnalin A and other glucitol-core containing gallotannins (GCGs), distinctive polyphenols with antioxidant activity. Science developed at University of Rhode Island by Navindra Seeram, PhD. Sustainably harvested using eco-friendly autumn pruning that does not impact maturing trees. Non-GMO Project Verified, sourced solely in North America. Water-soluble, organic-solvent-free patented extraction.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cissus-quadrangularis","name":"Cissus Quadrangularis (Hadjod Bone & Joint Support \u2014 Verdure Sciences)","latinName":"Cissus quadrangularis","shortDescription":"Cissus quadrangularis (Hadjod or 'bone-setter') is an Ayurvedic succulent vine with documented effects across joint comfort, bone healing, and metabolic health. Standardized to 2.5% ketosterones (also called ketosteroids). Backed by clinical trials, including an RCT in overweight/obese subjects showing significant body weight, central obesity, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride improvements vs placebo, and a pilot trial showing reduced exercise-induced joint pain. Bone fracture healing acceleration is documented. Excellent safety profile per review evidence.","categories":["Joint Health","Bone Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cinnulin","name":"Cinnulin PF\u00ae (Water-Soluble Cinnamon Extract \u2014 Verdure Sciences)","latinName":"Cinnamomum cassia","shortDescription":"Cinnulin PF\u00ae is Verdure Sciences' patented, clinically studied water-soluble extract of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) standardized for Type-A Polymers, bioactive doubly-linked procyanidin trimers and tetramers. The water extraction leaves behind coumarin and other undesirable fat-soluble components, addressing the coumarin toxicity concern with raw cinnamon. 500 mg of Cinnulin PF equals approximately 10 g whole cinnamon powder (20:1 extract) with minimum 1% Type-A polymers. FDA GRAS status. A published 12-week RCT in pre-diabetics showed 8.4% fasting blood glucose reduction plus systolic BP and body composition improvements.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"sensoril","name":"Sensoril\u00ae (Ashwagandha Extract \u2014 Verdure/Natreon)","latinName":"Withania somnifera","shortDescription":"Sensoril\u00ae is a standardized ashwagandha extract (Withania somnifera) originally developed by Natreon (now part of Verdure Sciences) \u2014 distinguished by use of both root and leaf (vs root-only) and standardization to \u226510% withanolide glycosides + \u226532% oligosaccharides + \u22640.5% withaferin A. Multiple RCTs in stress, sleep, cognitive performance, and exercise applications. Among the most-studied ashwagandha branded forms alongside KSM-66 and Shoden. Used for: stress reduction, sleep quality, cognitive function, exercise tolerance, mood support.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Cognitive","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"tinofend","name":"Tinofend\u00ae (Tinospora cordifolia Immune Adaptogen \u2014 Verdure Sciences)","latinName":"Tinospora cordifolia","shortDescription":"Tinofend\u00ae is Verdure Sciences' proprietary Tinospora cordifolia stem extract standardized to active polysaccharides (>=20% total polysaccharide fraction), including immune-supporting alpha-glucans. Each tablet contains 300 mg standardized extract with >5% bitter principles plus tested cordioside and tinosporoside content by HPLC. Tinospora cordifolia is known as 'Amrita' (meaning 'immortality') in Sanskrit, used in Ayurveda as rasayana (rejuvenator). Adaptogenic histamine support without CNS activity. Demonstrates a decrease in allergic rhinitis symptoms plus white blood cell activity stimulation.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"neuravena","name":"Neuravena\u00ae (Wild Green Oat Extract \u2014 Frutarom)","latinName":"Avena sativa","shortDescription":"Neuravena\u00ae (EFLA\u00ae 955) is a proprietary wild green oat extract (Avena sativa) developed by Frutarom Health (now IFF) \u2014 distinguished from generic oat extracts by use of wild strain and bioactivity testing. Multiple clinical trials in cognitive function applications. Used for: cognitive function, attention, brain health, cognitive performance support across age groups. One of Frutarom Health's flagship branded ingredients.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"portusana","name":"Portusana\u00ae (Purslane Extract for Blood Sugar \u2014 Frutarom/IFF)","latinName":"Portulaca oleracea","shortDescription":"Portusana\u00ae is Frutarom's (now IFF Health) standardized extract of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) \u2014 a common herb with documented effects on blood glucose control. In a published clinical trial in Type 2 diabetics, 180 mg/day significantly reduced systolic blood pressure vs placebo in the total cohort; HbA1c fell significantly only in a subgroup of responders, not in the overall group. An earlier open-label (uncontrolled) trial reported blood glucose support.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"citrolive","name":"CitrOlive\u00ae (Olive Leaf + Citrus Flavonoid Cardio Complex \u2014 Frutarom/IFF)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"CitrOlive\u00ae is Frutarom Health's (now IFF Health) patented Mediterranean ingredient combining citrus fruit flavonoids and olive (Olea europaea) leaf polyphenol extracts \u2014 backed by research on key phytochemicals, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Water-soluble. Designed to support cardiovascular health and protect against arterial hardening \u2014 the underlying cause of most heart problems. A randomized double-blind controlled trial in cardiovascular-risk subjects found 500 mg/day CitrOlive significantly reduced oxidized LDL (93.8 \u2192 62.8 U/L) and increased paraoxonase activity (PON1: 64.5 \u2192 78.7 U/L). Reflects Frutarom's Mediterranean ingredients line philosophy.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ab-fortis","name":"AB-Fortis\u00ae (Microencapsulated Iron \u2014 Frutarom)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"AB-Fortis\u00ae is a microencapsulated form OF iron developed by Frutarom Health (now IFF) \u2014 designed to fortify foods with iron without changing appearance, palatability, or taste. Distinguished by encapsulation technology that addresses iron's primary fortification challenges (metallic taste, color changes, GI side effects). Used for: iron deficiency replacement, anemia adjunct, food fortification, supplementation with improved palatability.","categories":["Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"svetol","name":"Svetol\u00ae (Decaffeinated Green Coffee Extract \u2014 Givaudan/Naturex)","latinName":"Coffea canephora","shortDescription":"Svetol\u00ae is a branded decaffeinated green coffee bean (Coffea canephora robusta) extract from Givaudan (formerly Naturex), standardized to \u226545% total chlorogenic acids with a specific ratio of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) to other caffeoylquinic acid isomers. Distinguished from generic green coffee extracts by lower caffeine content (<8 mg per 400 mg dose vs 8-16 mg for non-decaffeinated extracts) \u2014 making it suitable for caffeine-sensitive consumers. The clinical dose is 400 mg/day. In overweight adults on a hypocaloric diet it produced 5.7% weight loss vs 2.9% on placebo (P<0.001). Honest framing: the trial effects are real but modest \u2014 typically 1-3 kg additional weight loss over 8-12 weeks vs placebo, with no long-term data beyond 12 weeks. Green coffee extract is not a substitute for dietary and lifestyle changes; it's a modest adjunct.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"turmipure-gold","name":"TurmiPure Gold\u00ae (Bioavailable Turmeric \u2014 Naturex)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"TurmiPure Gold\u00ae is a high-bioavailability turmeric extract developed by Naturex (now Givaudan) \u2014 distinguished by 24\u00d7 greater curcumin bioavailability vs standard turmeric extract over 24 hours. Marketed as the bioavailability 'gold standard' after exhaustive comparative trial. Used for: anti-inflammatory support, joint health, antioxidant defense, healthy aging.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"pacran","name":"Pacran\u00ae (Whole Cranberry Fruit Powder \u2014 Givaudan/Naturex)","latinName":"Vaccinium macrocarpon","shortDescription":"Pacran is a branded whole-fruit cranberry powder from Givaudan (formerly Naturex), delivering a standardized profile of cranberry's bioactives, proanthocyanidins (PACs), anthocyanins, organic acids, fiber, and phenolics, at 500 mg/day. The 500 mg dose and Pacran-specific research were cited by the FDA in 2020 when granting the qualified health claim that 'consuming 500 mg each day of cranberry dietary supplement may help reduce the risk of recurrent UTI in healthy women.' Randomized trials support the dose: one reported a 58% reduction in UTI recurrence, and a later trial confirmed and extended these findings with objective culture-based outcomes. EFSA was more skeptical and did not approve an EU health claim, citing inconsistency between trials. Honest framing: Pacran has one of the stronger evidence bases among branded cranberry ingredients for recurrent UTI prevention in women, but is not a substitute for antibiotics in active infection.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"luralean","name":"LuraLean\u00ae (Propolmannan Konjac Fiber \u2014 AHD International)","latinName":"Amorphophallus konjac","shortDescription":"LuraLean\u00ae is a uniquely refined glucomannan extract (propolmannan) from Amorphophallus Propol konjac root. Patented extraction removes mannanase (common in other konjac products) that would degrade glucomannan. Result: nearly pure fiber with higher molecular weight and viscosity \u2014 maintaining viscosity throughout the GI tract. Absorbs liquid expanding up to 200\u00d7 original size in stomach for fullness. Many clinical trials document weight loss, cholesterol reduction, and blood glucose control; an 8-week study reported about 5.5 lbs weight loss alongside reductions in total and LDL cholesterol.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"salba-chia","name":"Salba\u00ae / Premium Chia (Salvia hispanica \u2014 AHD International)","latinName":"Salvia hispanica","shortDescription":"Salba\u00ae / Premium Chia from AHD International is a standardized chia seed ingredient (Salvia hispanica) \u2014 distinguished by quality cultivation and consistent omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid), fiber, and protein content. Long history of traditional Aztec/Mayan use as foundational food crop. Modern superfood with comprehensive nutritional profile. Used for: omega-3 ALA, dietary fiber, protein, satiety, gut health, hydration support.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Hydration","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"luravida","name":"Luravida\u00ae (Cranberry Omega-3 Oil \u2014 AHD International)","latinName":"Vaccinium macrocarpon","shortDescription":"Luravida\u00ae is a cranberry seed oil ingredient developed by AHD International \u2014 distinguished by extraction from cranberry seeds (typically discarded byproduct) providing OMEGA-3, OMEGA-6, OMEGA-9 fatty acids in balanced ratio plus tocotrienols (vitamin E family) and phytosterols. Sustainable upcycled ingredient from cranberry processing waste. Proposed uses based on its fatty acid and tocotrienol composition rather than on trials of the finished ingredient: skin nourishment, cardiovascular markers, omega fatty acid balance, antioxidant support. No published oral efficacy trial of Luravida itself is available.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"curqfen","name":"CurQfen\u00ae (Curcumin-Fenugreek FenuMat \u2014 Akay Bioactives)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"CurQfen\u00ae is a patented curcumin complex from Curcuma longa rhizomes formulated with FENUMAT\u00ae (fenugreek soluble fiber) technology developed by Akay Bioactives. Distinguished by 45.5\u00d7 greater free curcuminoid bioavailability and 347\u00d7 enhanced blood-brain-barrier permeability vs standard 95% curcumin (manufacturer pharmacokinetic data). Used for: brain health, cognitive and locomotor function, liver support, joint comfort, heart health, whole-body wellness.","categories":["Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"capsifen","name":"Capsifen\u00ae (Bioavailable Capsaicinoids via FenuMat\u00ae \u2014 Akay Bioactives)","latinName":"Capsicum annum","shortDescription":"Capsifen is Akay Bioactives' red chili (Capsicum annum) capsaicinoid complex delivered via FenuMat technology, fenugreek galactomannan beadlets that encapsulate capsaicinoids in self-emulsifying hydrogel form. Standardized to 2.1% total capsaicinoids (capsaicin + dihydrocapsaicin + nordihydrocapsaicin). The FenuMat delivery provides 19\u00d7 higher serum bioavailability of 'free' (unconjugated) capsaicinoids vs standard capsaicin extracts, with pungency masked, solving the fundamental challenge of capsaicinoid supplementation (burning sensation and stomach discomfort at effective doses). In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover in healthy overweight participants, 100 mg and 200 mg doses produced dose-dependent weight reductions, increased energy expenditure, fat oxidation, endurance, and body temperature elevation, with no increased heart rate, palpitations, sweating, or abdominal pain. Honest framing: a well-designed recent trial in a relevant population; the bioavailability and tolerability advantages over plain capsaicin are clinically meaningful.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"fenusmart","name":"FenuSmart\u00ae (Standardized Fenugreek Extract for Menopause \u2014 Akay Bioactives)","latinName":"Trigonella foenum-graecum","shortDescription":"FenuSmart\u00ae (also spelled FenuSMART\u2122) is Akay Bioactives' standardized fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) husk extract \u2014 featuring a unique 3:1 (w/w) ratio of protodioscin to trigonelline (saponin and alkaloid bioactives). Direct brand menopause efficacy rests essentially on a single Akay-funded RCT (Begum 2016) in postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, 1,000 mg/day raised plasma estradiol and reduced hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, sleeplessness, irritability, and vaginal dryness vs placebo; a separate low-dose (500 mg/day) trial (Khanna 2020) used a different fenugreek SEED extract in perimenopausal women, not the FenuSmart husk product. Honest framing: the brand's menopause evidence is essentially one small industry-funded RCT (Begum 2016) \u2014 Moderate, not Strong. Fenugreek is itself a phytoestrogen, so the reported estradiol elevation warrants estrogen-sensitive caution (breast, uterine, endometriosis, fibroids). Akay-funded but published in peer-reviewed journals.","categories":["Menopause Support","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cardamind","name":"CardaMind\u2122 (Black Cardamom Cognitive Performance \u2014 Akay Bioactives)","latinName":"Amomum subulatum","shortDescription":"CardaMind is Akay Bioactives' standardized aqueous fruit extract of cultivated black cardamom (Amomum subulatum), patented under MA2-24. Designed for fast-acting, plant-based, caffeine-free mental energy. Produced using a water-based extraction process that preserves key bioactives that may modulate neurotransmitters, support BDNF expression, and enhance neuroprotection. Human clinical testing showed cognitive effects matching 200 mg caffeine and extending caffeine's benefits to 8 hours when combined. Water-soluble and mild-tasting. Clinical dose: 250 mg/day.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"tenzara","name":"Tenzara\u2122 (Curcumin + Boswellia FenuMat\u00ae Synergy \u2014 Akay Bioactives)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Tenzara is Akay Bioactives' synergistic complex combining curcumin (Curcuma longa) and full-spectrum Boswellia serrata extract, two of the most-studied Ayurvedic anti-inflammatory botanicals, using Akay's patented FenuMat delivery technology (a self-emulsifying hydrogel matrix derived from soluble fenugreek galactomannan fiber). Pharmacokinetic data show the FenuMat formulation increases 'free' (unconjugated, bioactive) curcuminoid bioavailability by 24.8x and AKBA (the key boswellic acid) by 6.9x vs standard extracts. The clinical dose is 400 mg/day once-daily. In moderate spondylitis, the curcumin+boswellia combination produced superior effects vs boswellia alone on pain, stiffness, neck disability index, and quality of life, supporting genuine synergy rather than just additive effects. Honest framing: solid recent clinical evidence in moderate spondylitis specifically; the 24.8x bioavailability claim is from preliminary formulation PK (not the final Tenzara product, which Akay states should perform equally or better).","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"asafin","name":"Asafin\u00ae (Asafoetida + FenuMat\u00ae for Gut Health \u2014 Akay Bioactives)","latinName":"Ferula asafoetida","shortDescription":"Asafin\u00ae is Akay Bioactives' proprietary food-grade formulation of Ferula asafoetida (Hingu) oleo-gum-resin with FenuMat\u00ae, a patented self-emulsifying fenugreek soluble fiber hydrogel technology. The FenuMat scaffold converts asafoetida (notoriously pungent due to sulphur compounds) into taste- and odor-masked, sustained-release beadlets while enhancing bioavailability. Backed by two small clinical studies (plus a preclinical rat model) for functional dyspepsia (FD) with effects on bloating, early satiety, heartburn, and postprandial fullness, plus benefits to cognition and sleep via the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Clinical dose: 250 mg/day (or 500 mg/day in moderate-to-severe FD).","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"clovinol","name":"Clovinol\u00ae (Clove Bud Polyphenol for Metabolic Health \u2014 Akay Bioactives)","latinName":"Syzygium aromaticum","shortDescription":"Clovinol\u00ae is Akay Bioactives' standardized clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) polyphenol extract, produced using hydroethanolic extraction methodology delivering a water-soluble powder rich in polyphenols. Sourced from selected pesticide-free Indonesian farms. Backed by 7+ published studies including RCTs for metabolic health: increased plasma glutathione, modulation of insulin resistance, cholesterol/lipid profile support, and alcohol detoxification. Vegan, non-GMO, allergen-free, Halal/Kosher certified. Clinical dose: 250 mg/day.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Liver Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cinnamon-fenumat","name":"Cinnamon FenuMat\u00ae (Cinnamon + Fenugreek Soft Hydrogel \u2014 Akay Bioactives)","latinName":"Cinnamomum verum","shortDescription":"Cinnamon FenuMat\u00ae is Akay Bioactives' formulation of cinnamon (Cinnamomum) bark extract delivered via FenuMat\u00ae \u2014 Akay's patented self-emulsifying fenugreek soluble fiber hydrogel technology (also used in Asafin\u00ae). The FenuMat scaffold enhances bioavailability of fat-soluble cinnamon compounds while providing controlled release. Cinnamon has class evidence across multiple clinical trials and meta-analyses for fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile improvements via insulin sensitivity enhancement (GLUT-4 translocation, PPAR-\u03b3 modulation, \u03b1-amylase/\u03b1-glucosidase inhibition). Suitable for clean-label metabolic and blood sugar support formulations.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"optiziome-p3-hydrolyzer","name":"OPTIZIOME\u00ae P3 HYDROLYZER\u00ae (Protease Blend for Protein Digestion \u2014 BIO-CAT)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Optiziome\u00ae P3 hydrolyzer\u00ae is BIO-CAT's clinically-supported proprietary blend of three microbial protease enzymes specifically formulated to increase protein performance by liberating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) \u2014 the building blocks of muscle. Contains Acid Protease, Fungal Protease A (from A. oryzae), and Protease AM (from A. melleus), standardized to 31,875 HUT units per 250 mg dose. Human clinical trials document EAA and BCAA uptake enhancement with both whey and pea protein. Featured in MuscleTech Plant Protein. International patent application filed.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"gluteax","name":"OPTIZIOME\u00ae GluteAX\u00ae (Gluten-Digesting Enzyme Blend \u2014 BIO-CAT)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Optiziome GluteAX is BIO-CAT's patented mixture of three microbial proteases plus one plant enzyme designed to help digest alpha-gliadin, the gluten protein most strongly associated with GI symptoms of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Enzyme components include peptidase (Aspergillus oryzae), semi-alkaline protease (Aspergillus melleus), deuterolysin (Penicillium citrinum), and cysteine protease (Carica papaya). A clinical trial documented symptom improvement in NCGS patients vs placebo. Not a replacement for a gluten-free diet in celiac disease.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"fructanase","name":"OPTIZIOME\u00ae Fructanase\u00ae (Inulinase Enzyme for FODMAP Support \u2014 BIO-CAT)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Optiziome\u00ae Fructanase\u00ae (formerly Optiziome\u00ae Inulinase) is BIO-CAT's fructanase enzyme designed to help digest fructans \u2014 a class of FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) found in many vegetables, grains, and fruits that cause digestive discomfort in sensitive individuals. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial established safety and tolerability at 2,000 INU/day. Non-genetically modified, wild-type fructanase preparation. One of only six fungal/microbial enzymes granted FDA New Dietary Ingredient Notification (NDIN) in the past decade. Published in Gastro Hep Advances.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"optibiome-bs50","name":"OPTIBIOME\u00ae BS50 (Bacillus subtilis Spore Probiotic \u2014 BIO-CAT)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"OPTIBIOME\u00ae BS50 is BIO-CAT's spore-forming Bacillus subtilis BS50 probiotic strain, clinically tested for gastrointestinal symptom reduction in healthy adults. Spore-forming probiotics offer practical advantages over standard probiotics: heat tolerance during manufacturing, survivability when exposed to oxygen, and stability without refrigeration. A published RCT documented decreased GI symptoms in healthy adults, and a preclinical safety assessment has also been published. Produced in BIO-CAT's fully-integrated U.S. fermentation facility in Minnesota.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"go-luo","name":"Go-Luo\u00ae (Monk Fruit Extract \u2014 Layn USA)","latinName":"Siraitia grosvenorii","shortDescription":"Go-Luo\u00ae is a standardized monk fruit extract (Siraitia grosvenorii) developed by Layn USA \u2014 distinguished by being the world's leading branded monk fruit ingredient with multiple concentrations up to 55% mogroside-V (~250\u00d7 sucrose sweetness). Layn cultivates ~40% of global monk fruit supply. Used for: natural sweetening, sugar replacement, low-glycemic formulations, beverages, foods.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"lovia","name":"Lovia\u00ae (Monk Fruit + Stevia Combination \u2014 Layn USA)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Lovia\u00ae is a plant-derived sweetener blend of monk fruit and stevia from Layn USA. It provides sugar-like sweetness with essentially no calories and no impact on blood glucose or insulin, making it a sugar alternative for foods and beverages.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"steviup-m2","name":"SteviUp\u00ae M2 (Next-Gen Stevia Reb M \u2014 Layn USA)","latinName":"Stevia rebaudiana","shortDescription":"SteviUp\u00ae M2 is a next-generation plant-based sweetener developed by Layn USA via enzymatic conversion of purified steviol glycosides \u2014 distinguished by superior water solubility, more sugar-like taste, shorter lingering sweetness compared with conventional stevia Reb M. FDA GRAS for general-purpose sweetening. Non-GMO. Used for: premium natural sweetening, sugar reduction with improved taste profile, food and beverage formulations.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"lutemax-2020","name":"Lutemax\u00ae 2020 (Lutein + Both Zeaxanthins \u2014 OmniActive)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"Lutemax\u00ae 2020 is OmniActive's patented macular carotenoid ingredient extracted from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta) \u2014 distinguished by inclusion of ALL three macular carotenoids (lutein, RR-zeaxanthin, and RS-meso-zeaxanthin) in the 5:1 lutein-to-zeaxanthin isomer ratio matching dietary intake. Among the most thoroughly studied macular nutrients with the dedicated LAMA (Lutein, Vision and Mental Acuity) clinical trial series, the blue (Blue Light User Exposure) trial, and the pediatric Lutemax Kids trial. Applications include eye health, macular pigment optical density (MPOD) building, blue light protection, visual performance, cognitive function, sleep quality, and stress markers.","categories":["Eye Health","Cognitive","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"capsimax","name":"Capsimax\u00ae (Beadlet-Encapsulated Capsicum Extract \u2014 OmniActive)","latinName":"Capsicum annuum","shortDescription":"Capsimax\u00ae is OmniActive's branded encapsulated capsicum extract \u2014 delivering standardized capsaicinoids in a pH-sensitive beadlet that bypasses the stomach and releases in the alkaline small intestine, eliminating the oral and gastric burn that limits unprotected capsaicin supplementation. The standard clinical dose is 100 mg/day (\u22652% capsaicinoids = ~2 mg total). Studied in several small human trials \u2014 mostly acute surrogate-marker and open-label studies plus one post-hoc body-composition analysis \u2014 covering thermogenesis, resting energy expenditure, fat oxidation, appetite, and preliminary GLP-1 signaling. A stimulant-free thermogenic with modest but real metabolic effects \u2014 best as a weight-management adjunct, not a standalone fat-loss intervention.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"curcuwin-ultra","name":"Curcuwin Ultra+\u00ae (144\u00d7 Bioavailable Curcumin \u2014 OmniActive)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Curcuwin Ultra+\u00ae is OmniActive's highly bioavailable curcumin \u2014 distinguished by 144\u00d7 greater bioavailability vs standard curcumin and 40% faster absorption. One capsule (250/500 mg) equals 30 capsules of standard curcumin. Made using OmniActive's Ultrasol technology with bioenhancers. Used for: joint health, knee osteoarthritis support (5-day onset), heart health, sports nutrition, healthy aging.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"enxtra","name":"enXtra\u00ae (Standardized Alpinia galanga Extract \u2014 OmniActive)","latinName":"Alpinia galanga","shortDescription":"enXtra\u00ae is OmniActive's branded extract of DNA-authenticated Alpinia galanga (Thai ginger, related to the ginger and turmeric family), positioned as a caffeine-free alternative for mental energy and alertness. The clinical dose is 300 mg/day. Effects appear within 30-60 minutes and last up to 5 hours without the typical caffeine 'crash' or jitters. Two published RCTs show significant improvements in alertness, attention, and reaction time vs placebo. Useful as a stimulant-free nootropic for caffeine-sensitive individuals, or combined with caffeine to reduce the crash and extend duration.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"gingever","name":"Gingever\u00ae (High-Potency Ginger Extract \u2014 OmniActive)","latinName":"Zingiber officinale","shortDescription":"Gingever\u00ae is OmniActive's high-potency standardized ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract, addressing the practical limitation that standard ginger powders contain only 1-2% gingerols, requiring 1-2 g per dose to deliver therapeutic gingerol amounts. Gingever uses supercritical CO\u2082 extraction to standardize at 30% bioactives (minimum 20% gingerols), delivering meaningful gingerol content in much smaller doses. Available as paste (25% gingerols) and powder (10% gingerols). Honest framing: ginger has extensive class evidence for nausea (especially pregnancy and chemotherapy-induced) and digestion; Gingever offers a low-dose convenience advantage but the brand-specific evidence base is more limited than for classic ginger powder applications.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"nutritears","name":"Nutritears\u00ae (Multi-Active Dry Eye Formula \u2014 OmniActive)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Nutritears\u00ae is OmniActive's patent-pending multi-active formulation for occasional dry eyes \u2014 the first product on OmniActive's Integrative Actives platform (multiple bioactives in concentrated smaller doses). Combines lutein + zeaxanthin isomers (20 mg + 4 mg from Lutemax 2020), curcuminoids (200 mg), and vitamin D3 (600 IU). In published clinical trials it improved tear production, stability, quality, and osmolarity, and cut artificial-tears use by about 75% (from 2.47\u00d7 to 0.73\u00d7 daily). A larger trial confirmed faster symptom relief vs placebo.","categories":["Eye Health","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"omnixan","name":"OmniXan\u00ae (Zeaxanthin Standalone \u2014 OmniActive)","latinName":"Capsicum annum","shortDescription":"OmniXan\u00ae is OmniActive's standalone zeaxanthin ingredient \u2014 sourced from paprika (Capsicum annum), licensed from Kalsec. Distinguished from Lutemax 2020 by being zeaxanthin-only (without lutein) and from a different source (paprika vs marigold). Provides 3R,3'R zeaxanthin for applications wanting zeaxanthin alone or higher zeaxanthin ratios. Also available: OmniXan-RS (meso-zeaxanthin) which IS marigold-sourced. Used for: targeted zeaxanthin delivery, eye health, macular pigment building, blue light filtering.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zenroot","name":"Zenroot\u00ae (Low-Dose Bioavailable Ashwagandha Root Extract \u2014 OmniActive)","latinName":"Withania somnifera","shortDescription":"Zenroot\u00ae is OmniActive's root-only ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract \u2014 standardized to 1.5% withanolides using USP methodology, with enhanced bioavailability enabling efficacy at an unusually low 125 mg/day dose. Root-only positioning matters: regulatory pressure on ashwagandha in Europe has focused on the leaf/aerial parts (higher withaferin A content), making root-only extracts the preferred form for long-term safety. Two peer-reviewed trials support the 125 mg dose: a bioavailability crossover showing Zenroot 125 mg produced 2.1\u00d7 higher absorption than a 600 mg 5%-withanolide reference and 1.3\u00d7 higher than a 500 mg 10% reference; and a 12-week RCT in adults with mild-to-moderate stress showing reduced Perceived Stress Scale scores, improved sleep quality, and gains in mood and occasional anxiety vs placebo. Honest framing: low-dose efficacy backed by recent solid trials; the ashwagandha category has substantial class evidence and Zenroot offers a competitive bioavailability-enhanced low-dose option suitable for gummies and functional beverages.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"meganatural-bp","name":"MegaNatural\u00ae-BP (Patented Grape Seed Extract \u2014 Polyphenolics)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"MegaNatural-BP is a patented grape seed extract developed by Polyphenolics (division of California Natural Color and E. & J. Gallo Winery), distinguished from generic grape seed extracts by a unique structure and composition via a patented hot-water extraction process. Placebo-controlled human clinical trials validated blood pressure support. FDA GRAS no-objection. Used for: blood pressure within normal range, vascular function, cardiovascular health, athletic performance.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"adenosine-triphosphate","name":"Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate (ATP)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate (ATP) is the fundamental energy-carrying molecule in all living cells \u2014 composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. As a supplement, oral ATP (typically as disodium ATP) is used for athletic performance, blood flow, and muscle recovery. Note: oral ATP itself is rapidly broken down in digestion; the most clinically-validated branded form is peak ATP\u00ae (TSI Group). Generic ATP supplements vary widely in quality and bioavailability. Used for: athletic performance, blood flow / pump, muscle recovery, energy support.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pureatp","name":"PureATP (Pure Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PureATP is a non-proprietary generic form of adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium used as a sports performance ingredient \u2014 distinguished from peak ATP (the patented, clinically-validated form by TSI Group) by lacking a documented patent or specific clinical research base. Found in some pre-workout and performance formulations under the 'PureATP' designation. Used for: athletic performance, energy support, blood flow \u2014 though clinical evidence is largely extrapolated from peak ATP research.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"velositol","name":"Velositol\u00ae (Chromium-Driven MPS Complex - Nutrition 21)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Velositol\u00ae is a patented amylopectin/chromium complex developed by Nutrition 21 designed to be taken alongside protein to support muscle protein synthesis (MPS). One small acute human trial found a significant increase in MPS when added to a suboptimal dose of whey versus whey alone. Used for: muscle growth, recovery, athletic performance, post-workout MPS enhancement.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lustriva","name":"Lustriva\u00ae (Arginine Silicate + Magnesium Biotinate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Lustriva\u00ae is a branded \u2018beauty from within\u2019 ingredient from Nutrition21 that pairs bonded arginine silicate (a stabilized form of silicon, the same complex sold as Nitrosigine\u00ae) with magnesium biotinate, a more soluble form of biotin. The studied dose is 160 mg/day, supplying roughly 10 mg silicon and 10 mg biotin. Its evidence is a single manufacturer-funded randomized trial the high-dose arm improved measured hair density and wrinkle depth versus placebo, while a low-dose arm did not. Because that trial was industry-funded, used instrument and self-reported cosmetic measures rather than blinded dermatologist photographs, and has not been independently replicated, the hair and skin claims are best read as promising but preliminary. One practical caution: at 10 mg, the biotin in Lustriva is high enough to distort common lab tests (thyroid, troponin, hormone panels), so stop it well before bloodwork.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"zinmax","name":"Zinmax\u00ae (Premium Zinc Picolinate - Nutrition 21)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zinmax\u00ae is a premium-grade zinc picolinate developed by Nutrition 21 \u2014 using a picolinate carrier that a single small 1987 study (n=15) suggested may be better absorbed than some other zinc salts \u2014 a contested finding that has not been consistently replicated. Branded form of zinc picolinate from a major supplier with manufacturing standardization. Used for: immune support, zinc deficiency replacement, comprehensive zinc applications.","categories":["Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"everzen","name":"EverZen\u2122 (Corn-Derived 6-MBOA Stress/Mood Bioactive \u2014 Nutrition 21)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"EverZen\u2122 is Nutrition21's patent-pending plant-based ingredient \u2014 standardized to 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (6-MBOA), a bioactive extracted from young non-GMO corn (Zea mays) leaves. In plants, 6-MBOA protects against insect, fungal, and bacterial stress. Proposed mechanisms include supporting the brain's production of mood-related neurochemicals and modulating calming neural receptors, which may help stabilize cortisol \u2014 but these are preliminary and not demonstrated in humans for EverZen. No EverZen-specific human trials are published or indexed in PubMed; the closest human evidence is a 4-week RCT of a different standardized corn-leaf extract (UP165, Unigen), which reduced salivary cortisol and improved sleep and mood. Typically used at 250 mg/day.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"myovera","name":"MyoVera\u2122 (Chromium-Based Muscle Protein Synthesis Amplifier \u2014 Nutrition 21)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MyoVera\u2122 is Nutrition21's patented muscle and strength optimizer \u2014 a blend of two forms of chromium designed to enhance amino acid uptake into muscles and amplify muscle protein synthesis. Clinical research shows MyoVera produces a stronger muscle-building response to exercise than protein alone. Builds on Nutrition21's Velositol\u00ae (amylopectin/chromium) research base. Helps consumers unlock more results from their protein intake \u2014 particularly relevant for older adults who lose up to 5% muscle mass per decade and may have reduced appetite limiting protein consumption.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"nutralys-pea-protein","name":"NUTRALYS\u00ae Pea Protein (Roquette)","latinName":"Pisum sativum","shortDescription":"NUTRALYS\u00ae Pea Protein is a comprehensive PEA protein isolate line from Roquette (French plant-based ingredients pioneer with 40+ years experience) \u2014 extracted from yellow peas via patented water-based process. Distinguished by complete amino acid profile, GMO-free, allergen-friendly (no soy/dairy/gluten), sustainable cultivation, and FDA GRAS certification on multiple grades. Includes soluble (S85F, S85 Plus N/D, S85XF), functional (F85F/M/G), bakery (B85F), hydrolyzed (H), textured (T), and organic variants. Used for: plant-based protein fortification, sports nutrition, meal replacements, plant-based meat/dairy alternatives, clinical nutrition, gluten-free baking.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"nutralys-fava-protein","name":"NUTRALYS\u00ae Fava Bean Protein (Roquette)","latinName":"Vicia faba","shortDescription":"NUTRALYS\u00ae Fava Bean Protein is the fava bean protein isolate from Roquette \u2014 extracted from non-GMO fava bean crops (Vicia faba). Distinguished as a complementary plant protein source within the pulse family \u2014 gluten-free, GMO-free, not a major allergen, sustainable cultivation. Available as isolate and textured variants (NUTRALYS TF-C). Provides diversity within plant-based protein formulations beyond pea/soy. Used for: plant-based protein fortification, plant-based meat/fish alternatives, organic textured proteins, marketing diversification.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"nutralys-wheat-protein","name":"NUTRALYS\u00ae Wheat Protein (Roquette)","latinName":"Triticum aestivum","shortDescription":"NUTRALYS\u00ae Wheat Protein (and VITEN\u00ae vital wheat gluten) is Roquette's wheat-based protein line \u2014 distinguished by synergy with legume proteins (pea, fava) for enhanced amino acid composition. Provides cost-effective plant-based protein with unique viscoelastic properties from wheat gluten. Not suitable for celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. Used for: plant-based meat alternatives (especially restructured chicken/fish from textured wheat protein), bakery, cereal protein fortification, complementary protein for legume blends.","categories":["Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"epicor","name":"EpiCor\u00ae (Postbiotic Yeast Fermentate \u2014 Cargill)","latinName":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","shortDescription":"EpiCor is a postbiotic ingredient from Cargill, derived from the fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) and a widely used commercial postbiotic ingredient. Originally developed and studied for immune support, with a small number of manufacturer-affiliated trials reporting reduced cold/flu-like symptoms; more recent research has examined gut health applications. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial showed 500 mg/day EpiCor reduced GI discomfort and constipation symptoms in adults with mild GI dysfunction. In vitro SHIME gut model studies show EpiCor increases butyrate production, Bifidobacterium abundance, and Lactobacillus colonization, supporting prebiotic-like mechanisms. The honest framing: the bulk of the clinical evidence base is on immune outcomes, but legitimate gut-specific evidence exists at the standard 500 mg dose. Useful for both immune support and as a postbiotic for mild GI discomfort/irregularity.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"corowise","name":"CoroWise\u00ae (Plant Sterols for Cholesterol \u2014 Cargill)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"CoroWise\u00ae is Cargill's leading brand of plant sterols \u2014 distinguished by FDA-approved health claim for cholesterol management, NCEP recommendation, and 50+ years of plant sterol research. Available in multiple forms (powders, sterol esters, aqueous dispersions) for diverse food and beverage applications. Frost & Sullivan industry leadership recognition. Used for: cholesterol management, LDL cholesterol reduction, cardiovascular health, dietary cholesterol absorption inhibition.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"barliv","name":"BarliV\u2122 (Barley Beta-Glucan \u2014 Cargill)","latinName":"Hordeum vulgare","shortDescription":"BarliV\u2122 is a barley beta-glucan ingredient from Cargill \u2014 distinguished by water-soluble beta-glucan from barley with FDA-approved health claim for cholesterol management. Soluble fiber from barley with documented cholesterol-lowering effects. Cargill's complement to CoroWise plant sterols in cardiovascular ingredient portfolio. Used for: cholesterol management, glycemic control, soluble fiber fortification, cardiovascular health.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"oliggo-fiber-inulin","name":"Oliggo-Fiber\u00ae Inulin (Chicory Root Fiber \u2014 Cargill)","latinName":"Cichorium intybus","shortDescription":"Oliggo-Fiber\u00ae is Cargill's inulin ingredient \u2014 extracted from chicory root (Cichorium intybus). Distinguished by Health Canada-approved dietary fiber status, prebiotic activity, and clean-label inulin source. Used for: prebiotic gut health, calcium absorption support, digestive regularity, fiber fortification, sugar reduction.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"mixed-tocopherols","name":"Mixed Tocopherols (Naturally Sourced Vitamin E \u2014 Cargill)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Mixed tocopherols provide all four natural forms of vitamin E, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta tocopherol, rather than just the alpha form found in many basic supplements. This more closely mirrors the vitamin E in food, with gamma-tocopherol contributing antioxidant properties that alpha alone lacks. As fat-soluble antioxidants, they protect cell membranes from oxidative damage and support skin and immune health. Because high-dose alpha-tocopherol taken alone can lower gamma-tocopherol levels, many experts favor a mixed-tocopherol product. Take it with a meal containing fat for absorption; high doses can have a mild blood-thinning effect.","categories":["Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"trucal","name":"TruCal\u00ae (Milk Mineral Complex for Bone Health \u2014 Glanbia Nutritionals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"TruCal\u00ae is Glanbia Nutritionals' branded milk mineral complex \u2014 a calcium source extracted from fresh cow's milk that delivers calcium alongside the full natural mineral matrix found in milk and bone: phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, and iron. Composition: 25% calcium, 12% phosphorus, 0.37% magnesium, plus trace minerals \u2014 with a calcium:phosphorus ratio of ~1.8:1 matching natural bone composition. Distinguished from calcium carbonate and other isolated calcium salts by providing the synergistic mineral matrix rather than calcium alone. Human trials show TruCal significantly lowered bone resorption and turnover markers vs placebo and vs calcium carbonate at equivalent calcium content. Honest framing: 'food-form' calcium with the natural mineral synergy is more honest than calcium carbonate alone, but the absolute clinical advantage in fracture-prevention outcomes (vs other calcium sources) has not been established with large long-duration trials.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bioferrin","name":"Bioferrin\u00ae (Lactoferrin \u2014 Glanbia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Bioferrin\u00ae is a lactoferrin ingredient from Glanbia \u2014 distinguished by milk-derived lactoferrin (iron-binding glycoprotein) with documented immune support, iron metabolism, and antimicrobial activity. Used for: immune support, iron metabolism, gut health, antimicrobial activity, infant nutrition.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"provon","name":"Provon\u00ae (Whey Protein Isolate \u2014 Glanbia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Provon\u00ae is Glanbia Nutritionals' branded whey protein isolate \u2014 the first microfiltered whey protein isolate on the market, pioneered using cross-flow microfiltration (CFM\u00ae) technology. Provon\u00ae delivers ~90% protein content (89-90% depending on grade), very low fat (<1%), low lactose (<1%), and an undenatured bioactive peptide profile with a high BCAA content \u2014 particularly leucine, the primary amino acid trigger for muscle protein synthesis. Available in multiple grades including 290, 292, 295 IP, CFM\u00ae, and IsoHi\u00ae (partially hydrolyzed). Sourced from sweet dairy whey, Kosher and Halal certified.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"pepform","name":"PepForm\u00ae (Leucine-Rich Whey Peptides \u2014 Glanbia Nutritionals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PepForm\u00ae is Glanbia Nutritionals' patented peptide carrier technology that binds free-form amino acids to peptides isolated from fresh sweet whey via advanced fractionation. The flagship product PepForm\u00ae Leucine Peptides delivers 40% leucine content, substantially higher than whole whey protein (~10% leucine), in a soluble, highly bioavailable form. Leucine is the primary amino acid trigger for muscle protein synthesis via mTOR signaling. The PepForm range also includes BCAA 2:1:1, Arginine, and Tryptophan peptides. Honest framing: PepForm represents legitimate peptide chemistry technology, solubilizing leucine and getting it to muscle tissue efficiently. The muscle protein synthesis advantage is well-documented in older adults; effects in young trained athletes are smaller because they already consume adequate dietary leucine.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"optisol","name":"OptiSol\u00ae (Flaxseed-Based Functional Hydrocolloid \u2014 Glanbia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"OptiSol\u00ae is Glanbia Nutritionals' patented flaxseed-based functional hydrocolloid ingredient series (5000/5300 + 3000 with whey protein). Derived from flaxseed's natural gum mucilage, OptiSol 5300 is 32% fiber + 34% protein \u2014 offering up to 40% cost savings vs guar gum with comparable functionality. Rich in omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Used for moisture retention, texture, shelf life. Replaces xanthan, guar, arabic gums in bakery applications. Trial work documented 15% loaf volume increase. OptiSol 3000 series targets egg replacement applications.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"blis-k12","name":"BLIS K12\u00ae (Streptococcus salivarius for ENT \u2014 Stratum Nutrition)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BLIS K12\u00ae is a proprietary Streptococcus salivarius K12 oral probiotic strain originally isolated from a healthy New Zealand child and developed by BLIS Technologies (Dunedin, NZ); distributed in North America by Stratum Nutrition. Unlike gut probiotics, BLIS K12\u00ae targets the oral cavity and throat \u2014 colonizing these tissues and producing two megaplasmid-encoded lantibiotics, salivaricin A2 and salivaricin B, that suppress Streptococcus pyogenes and other respiratory pathogens. Studied in small clinical trials \u2014 mostly preliminary, pilot, open-label, or retrospective designs, several by the strain's inventors or by probiotic-industry-affiliated authors \u2014 reporting effects on throat streptococcal balance, oral malodor, ear-infection frequency, and upper-respiratory comfort in children and adults; no large rigorous double-blind RCT has been published. Dairy-free version available.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":7},{"id":"blis-m18","name":"BLIS M18\u00ae (Streptococcus salivarius for Oral Health \u2014 Stratum Nutrition)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BLIS M18\u00ae is a proprietary Streptococcus salivarius probiotic strain developed by Blis Technologies and distributed by Stratum Nutrition \u2014 distinguished by specific oral health applications targeting teeth and gums. Complementary to BLIS K12 (which targets ENT). Produces BLIS targeting cariogenic and periodontal pathogens. Used for: dental health, gum health, plaque reduction, oral microbiome balance, dental hygiene adjunct.","categories":["Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ahiflower","name":"Ahiflower\u00ae (Buglossoides Plant Omegas \u2014 Stratum Nutrition)","latinName":"Buglossoides arvensis","shortDescription":"Ahiflower\u00ae is a single-plant-source plant oil from Buglossoides arvensis \u2014 distinguished by uniquely balanced omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 profile from one plant source. Ahiflower oil contains stearidonic acid (SDA) \u2014 a more efficiently converted omega-3 precursor than ALA. Sustainable plant alternative to fish oil. Distributed by Stratum Nutrition. Used for: omega-3 fortification, plant-based omega supplementation, vegan/vegetarian alternative to fish oil, balanced omega ratios.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"nataxtin","name":"NatAxtin\u2122 (Chilean Astaxanthin \u2014 Stratum Nutrition)","latinName":"Haematococcus pluvialis","shortDescription":"NatAxtin\u2122 is a chilean-sourced astaxanthin ingredient distributed by Stratum Nutrition \u2014 distinguished by Chilean Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation. Astaxanthin is a potent natural lipid-soluble antioxidant. Used for: antioxidant supplementation, skin health, eye health, cardiovascular markers, exercise recovery.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lbiome","name":"LBiome\u2122 (Lactobacillus LB Postbiotic \u2014 Stratum Nutrition)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"LBiome\u2122 is a proprietary lactobacillus LB postbiotic distributed by Stratum Nutrition \u2014 distinguished by heat-treated (non-living) form of Lactobacillus LB strain providing gut health benefits without requiring viable bacteria. Postbiotic mechanism enables shelf stability and immunocompromised compatibility. Used for: gut health, digestive support, microbiome modulation, postbiotic alternative to live probiotics.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"lifenol","name":"Lifenol\u2122 (Standardized Hop Extract for Menopause \u2014 Givaudan)","latinName":"Humulus lupulus","shortDescription":"Lifenol\u2122 is Givaudan's patented polyphenolic extract from female Humulus lupulus (hop) flowers, sourced from Hallertau, Germany \u2014 the world's largest hop-growing region. The active phytoestrogen is 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), considered one of the most potent naturally-occurring phytoestrogens identified, with estrogen receptor binding affinity orders of magnitude higher than soy isoflavones. The clinical dose is 85 mg/day (delivering 100 \u03bcg 8-PN). Supported by three peer-reviewed RCTs covering hot flashes, broader menopausal symptoms, and bone mineral density. Health Canada and Korean MFDS have authorized health claims.","categories":["Menopause Support","Women's Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"flowens","name":"Flowens\u2122 (Cranberry for Men's & Women's Urological Health \u2014 Givaudan)","latinName":"Vaccinium macrocarpon","shortDescription":"Flowens\u2122 is Givaudan's (formerly Naturex) standardized whole-fruit cranberry ingredient (Vaccinium macrocarpon) \u2014 distinguished as the cranberry product with the strongest clinical evidence specifically for men's lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and women's overactive bladder (OAB), beyond cranberry's traditional UTI-prevention positioning. Approved health claims in Canada, Colombia, and USA. A pivotal dose-response trial in men documented a marked IPSS improvement at 500 mg/day vs placebo. Note: a subsequent OAB trial in women hit per-protocol endpoints but intent-to-treat analysis was non-significant \u2014 a caveat worth disclosing in product claims.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Men's Health","Women's Health","Prostate Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"cereboost","name":"Cereboost\u2122 (American Ginseng for Cognition \u2014 Givaudan)","latinName":"Panax quinquefolius","shortDescription":"Cereboost\u2122 is an American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) extract from Givaudan \u2014 distinguished from Asian ginseng by ginsenoside profile and non-stimulant cognitive properties. Acute, single-dose human trials from one manufacturer-linked research group report short-term effects on working memory, attention, and reaction time; long-term and independent evidence is limited. Used for: cognitive performance, memory, mental energy, attention, reaction time, mental fatigue.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"deltagold","name":"DeltaGold\u00ae (Annatto Tocotrienols \u2014 American River Nutrition)","latinName":"Bixa orellana","shortDescription":"DeltaGold\u00ae is the first and only tocopherol-free tocotrienol ingredient from American River Nutrition (Everwell Health subsidiary) \u2014 derived from annatto plant (Bixa orellana). Distinguished by ~90% delta + 10% gamma tocotrienol composition with NO interfering tocopherols. FDA GRAS status. Multiple peer-reviewed clinical trials. Used for: cardiovascular health, metabolic syndrome, glycemic control, bone health, anti-inflammatory.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"gg-gold","name":"GG-Gold\u00ae (Annatto-Derived Geranylgeraniol \u2014 American River Nutrition)","latinName":"Bixa orellana","shortDescription":"GG-Gold is American River Nutrition's annatto-derived trans-geranylgeraniol (GG), the world's first clinically studied GG ingredient. GG is an endogenous nutrient that synthesizes CoQ10, vitamin K2 (MK-4), and skeletal muscle proteins, and regulates testosterone production. Production declines with age and is inhibited by statins and bisphosphonates (explaining statin-associated muscle symptoms, SAMS). In men with low testosterone, 8 weeks at 150-300 mg/day increased total testosterone 7.5%, free 15%, and bioavailable 14.8%. Solvent-free patented extraction from annatto seeds.","categories":["Longevity","Testosterone","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lysoveta","name":"Lysoveta\u00ae (LPC-Bound EPA/DHA from Krill \u2014 Aker BioMarine)","latinName":"Euphausia superba","shortDescription":"Lysoveta\u00ae is Aker BioMarine's novel omega-3 ingredient \u2014 krill-derived EPA and DHA bound to lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). The mechanistic rationale is compelling: the brain cannot synthesize EPA/DHA efficiently and must import them across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via the MFSD2A transporter. Critically, MFSD2A only recognizes EPA/DHA esterified to LPC \u2014 standard fish/krill oil omega-3s in triglyceride (TG) or phospholipid (PL) forms don't efficiently engage this brain-uptake transporter. Preclinical evidence shows oral DHA as LPC increased brain DHA content more than 2-fold in adult mice, while the same amount of free DHA did not. NDI-approved in the US at up to 1.5 g/day for the general adult population. Honest framing: the LPC-MFSD2A mechanism is solidly established in preclinical/molecular research and the NDI approval validates safety; large clinical efficacy trials for cognitive outcomes are still in progress. Lysoveta represents a mechanistic bet rather than an evidence-established cognitive intervention.","categories":["Cognitive","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"mannohealth","name":"MannoHealth\u2122 (D-Mannose \u2014 Bioenergy Life Science)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MannoHealth\u2122 is Bioenergy Life Science's branded high-purity D-mannose \u2014 distinguished as one of the only D-mannose ingredients produced via patented microbial fermentation rather than the standard palm kernel meal extraction route, yielding a Non-GMO Project Verified, consistent-batch ingredient suited for gummies, beverages, and capsules. D-mannose is a simple sugar that prevents uropathogenic E. coli from adhering to bladder wall via FimH binding. Evidence is genuinely mixed: open-label trials (2g/day) suggest benefit, but the largest placebo-controlled trial (n=598, primary care) was negative. Marketers should be honest about this evolving evidence base.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":6},{"id":"riagev-fem","name":"RiaGev-FEM\u00ae (D-Ribose + Nicotinamide for Women \u2014 Bioenergy Life Science)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"RiaGev-FEM\u00ae is Bioenergy Life Science's patented drug-free formulation of Bioenergy Ribose\u00ae and Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) \u2014 specifically developed and clinically proven for women across the menopausal spectrum (perimenopause, premenopause, menopause, postmenopause). Cortisol-related changes often begin well before a woman's first menopausal symptom. RiaGev-FEM is a more bioavailable way to naturally reduce cortisol in shorter time than other cortisol-lowering ingredients \u2014 without side effects. Builds on RiaGev's broader research showing 10-11% NAD+ increase, glutathione elevation, and blood glucose improvements.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Women's Health","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"agmatine","name":"Agmatine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Agmatine, usually sold as agmatine sulfate, is a compound derived from the amino acid arginine that acts as a neuromodulator, influencing nitric oxide and several neurotransmitter systems. It is popular in pre-workout supplements for supporting blood flow and muscle pumps and is also studied for mood, nerve comfort, and stress resilience. Pre-workout doses are commonly around 500 mg to 1 gram, taken before training on an empty stomach. Agmatine is generally well tolerated at typical doses, with occasional mild digestive upset; long-term human safety data is limited, and those on blood-pressure or mood medication should check with a doctor.","categories":["Mood & Mental Health","Athletic Performance","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"aronia-chokeberry","name":"Aronia / Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)","latinName":"Aronia melanocarpa","shortDescription":"Aronia, or chokeberry, is a dark berry exceptionally high in anthocyanin antioxidants, ranking among the highest-antioxidant fruits. It is used for cardiovascular support, with research suggesting it may help maintain healthy blood pressure, blood vessels, and cholesterol, as well as for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune support. Because the whole berries are intensely tart and astringent (hence the name chokeberry), aronia is usually consumed as juice, powder, or extract. It is very safe and well tolerated as a food and supplement; those on blood-pressure or blood-sugar medication should monitor, since it may have mild effects on both.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"banaba-leaf","name":"Banaba Leaf (Lagerstroemia speciosa)","latinName":"Lagerstroemia speciosa","shortDescription":"Banaba leaf (Lagerstroemia speciosa) is a plant used for blood-sugar support, with its main active compound, corosolic acid, studied for helping improve glucose uptake into cells in a way loosely similar to insulin. Standardized to corosolic acid, banaba is a popular ingredient in blood-sugar and metabolic formulas, often combined with other herbs, and is typically taken with meals. Research suggests it may modestly support healthy blood sugar after eating. Banaba is generally well tolerated, but because it can lower blood sugar, those on diabetes medication should monitor closely and check with a doctor to avoid lows.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"d-serine","name":"D-Serine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"D-serine is an amino acid that acts as a co-agonist at NMDA receptors in the brain, helping regulate a signaling system central to learning, memory, and mood. Because of this role in synaptic plasticity, it is studied, largely in research settings, for cognitive and mood-related support, though it remains mostly investigational as a supplement. Its use is not well standardized, so dosing should be approached cautiously. While low amounts are generally tolerated, high doses have raised kidney-safety questions in research, so caution is warranted, and those with kidney concerns or on medication should consult a doctor before considering it.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"eclipta-alba","name":"Eclipta Alba / Bhringraj","latinName":"Eclipta alba (syn. E. prostrata)","shortDescription":"Eclipta alba, known as bhringraj or king of hair, is an Ayurvedic herb used mainly for hair health, including growth, color, and scalp support, and also for liver support and as a rejuvenating tonic. It is one of the most famous Ayurvedic herbs for hair, traditionally applied as a hair oil and sometimes taken internally to support hair thickness, color, and a healthy scalp, though the evidence is largely traditional. It is used topically as bhringraj oil and internally as a powder or extract. Eclipta alba is generally well tolerated; as with any herb, those with medical conditions, on medication, or pregnant should check with a practitioner before internal use.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"guggul","name":"Guggul (Commiphora mukul)","latinName":"Commiphora mukul (syn. Commiphora wightii)","shortDescription":"Guggul is a resin from the mukul myrrh tree, used in Ayurveda mainly to support healthy cholesterol and triglycerides and for thyroid, joint, and weight support. Its active guggulsterones are the focus of its lipid-related research, though Western trials have been mixed, with some showing little effect, so it is best viewed as a traditional lipid-support herb. It is used as an extract standardized to guggulsterones. Guggul is generally tolerated, with occasional digestive upset, headache, or rash; because it may affect thyroid function and interact with several medications, including thyroid and blood-thinning drugs, those affected should check with a doctor, and it should be avoided in pregnancy.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health","Thyroid Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"lecithin","name":"Lecithin (Phosphatidylcholine Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Lecithin is a fat-emulsifying substance rich in phospholipids and choline, derived from soy or sunflower. It is used as a source of choline to support brain and liver health and cell membranes, and for cholesterol and fat metabolism; breastfeeding mothers also use it to help prevent clogged milk ducts. Sunflower lecithin is a popular soy-free option. Doses commonly range from about 1 to 2 grams, or a tablespoon of granules, per day. Lecithin is generally very safe and well tolerated, and even many people sensitive to soy tolerate soy lecithin, since it is mostly fat rather than protein; very high doses may cause digestive upset.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"oregano-oil","name":"Oregano Oil (Origanum vulgare)","latinName":"Origanum vulgare","shortDescription":"Oregano oil is a concentrated extract rich in the compounds carvacrol and thymol, used for immune support and as a natural antimicrobial for digestive and respiratory health and microbial balance. It is popular during seasonal challenges and in gut-balance protocols, but it is potent and must be used in small amounts, a few drops diluted in a carrier oil or water, or as standardized softgels, and never undiluted. Because it can irritate the mouth, throat, and stomach if not diluted, and may have blood-thinning and blood-sugar-lowering effects, it should be used carefully; pregnant women should avoid it, and prolonged high-dose use is not advised.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"royal-jelly","name":"Royal Jelly","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Royal jelly is the nutrient-rich secretion that nurse bees produce to feed queen bees, used as a supplement for energy, immune support, skin health, and women's hormonal and menopausal support. It contains unique fatty acids and proteins, including a distinctive compound called 10-HDA that is of particular research interest. Doses commonly range from about 300 mg to 1,000 mg per day, available fresh, freeze-dried, or in capsules. Royal jelly is generally well tolerated, but it can cause serious allergic reactions, especially in people with bee or pollen allergies or asthma, who should avoid it; start cautiously and check with a doctor if you have allergies.","categories":["Women's Health","Menopause Support","Fertility"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"slippery-elm","name":"Slippery Elm","latinName":"Ulmus rubra (syn. Ulmus fulva)","shortDescription":"Slippery elm is a demulcent herb made from the inner bark of the slippery elm tree, rich in soothing mucilage that forms a protective, gel-like coating over irritated tissues. This soothing action is the basis for its long use in sore-throat lozenges and for digestive comfort, including heartburn, IBS, and gut-lining support. It is used as a tea or gruel, lozenge, or capsule, taken with plenty of water. Slippery elm is generally very safe and gentle; because its mucilage can coat the gut, it should be taken a couple of hours apart from medications so it does not slow their absorption.","categories":["Gut Health","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"theaflavins","name":"Theaflavins","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Theaflavins are the antioxidant polyphenols formed when black tea leaves are oxidized, giving black tea its color and brisk flavor. Chemically, they are produced when the catechins of green tea are converted during processing, so black and green tea each offer antioxidant benefits through different compounds. Theaflavins are studied for cardiovascular support, including healthy cholesterol, and for general antioxidant activity. Standardized black tea extracts deliver them in concentrated form (often a few hundred milligrams), and drinking black tea is a natural source. They are very safe from tea; concentrated extracts contain some caffeine, so take them with food.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"uridine","name":"Uridine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Uridine, often supplemented as uridine monophosphate, is a building block of RNA and of the phospholipids that make up brain cell membranes. It is used as a nootropic for memory, mood, and overall brain health, and is most popular as part of a stack with DHA (omega-3) and choline, since together these supply the raw materials for phosphatidylcholine, a major brain-cell membrane component. Uridine monophosphate is typically used at around 150 to 250 mg per day. As a compound found naturally in foods and the body, it is generally well tolerated, though long-term high-dose data is limited.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"white-mulberry","name":"White Mulberry (Morus alba)","latinName":"Morus alba","shortDescription":"White mulberry leaf is used mainly for blood-sugar support, thanks to a compound called DNJ that slows the digestion of sugars and helps blunt the rise in blood sugar after carbohydrate-rich meals, in a manner conceptually similar to some diabetes medications. The fruit is also enjoyed as a nutritious food. Leaf extracts, often standardized to DNJ, are taken before carbohydrate meals, with effects building over consistent use. White mulberry is generally well tolerated, though, because it affects carbohydrate digestion, it may cause gas or bloating, and since it can lower blood sugar, diabetics should monitor and check with a doctor.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"wormwood","name":"Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)","latinName":"Artemisia absinthium","shortDescription":"Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) is an intensely bitter herb used traditionally as a digestive bitter to stimulate appetite and bile flow and, historically, to expel intestinal parasites; it is also known as an ingredient in absinthe and vermouth. Its bitterness underlies its short-term use for sluggish digestion. Importantly, wormwood contains thujone, a compound that can be toxic to the nervous system in large amounts or with prolonged use, so it must only be used short-term and in small amounts. Pregnant women, those with epilepsy, and those with kidney problems should avoid it entirely.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"anatabine","name":"Anatabine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Anatabine is an alkaloid found in small amounts in nightshade-family plants such as tobacco, peppers, and eggplant, marketed as an anti-inflammatory supplement for joint, thyroid, and general inflammatory support. It has been promoted for supporting a healthy inflammatory response, but human evidence is limited and a prominent product was withdrawn from the market, so claims should be viewed very cautiously. Its dosing is not well established and availability has been limited. Because human safety data is limited and, as a nicotine-related alkaloid, its long-term effects are uncertain, anatabine should be approached cautiously and discussed with a healthcare professional.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"asteracantha-longifolia","name":"Asteracantha longifolia (Hygrophila spinosa)","latinName":"Asteracantha longifolia (syn. Hygrophila spinosa, Hygrophila auriculata)","shortDescription":"Asteracantha longifolia, known as kokilaksha or talmakhana, is an Ayurvedic herb used as a tonic for urinary and reproductive health, vitality, and as a diuretic, with the seeds used traditionally for male vitality. It is traditionally taken for urinary and kidney support, male reproductive vitality and libido, and as a rejuvenating tonic, and is studied for antioxidant and liver effects, though human evidence is mostly traditional and preliminary. It is used as a powder, decoction, or extract under product or practitioner guidance. Because rigorous safety data is limited and it has diuretic activity, those with medical conditions or on medication should check with a doctor or practitioner.","categories":["Liver Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"butea-superba","name":"Butea superba","latinName":"Butea superba","shortDescription":"Butea superba is a Thai herb, often called red kwao krua, marketed for male libido, erectile function, and vitality, and traditionally used as a male tonic; it is essentially the male counterpart to the female-oriented Pueraria mirifica. It is used as a standardized root extract, with limited human research suggesting possible benefit for libido and sexual function, so claims should be viewed cautiously. Human safety data is limited, and because it may have hormonal activity, those with hormone-sensitive conditions should be cautious; quality and sourcing vary, so it is best to choose tested products and check with a doctor before use, especially if on medication.","categories":["Men's Health","Libido Support","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sterculia","name":"Sterculia (Karaya Gum)","latinName":"Sterculia urens","shortDescription":"Sterculia, also called karaya gum, is a natural bulk-forming fiber from the Sterculia tree that absorbs water to form a gel. It is used mainly as a bulk-forming laxative for occasional constipation and to support regularity, working by absorbing water and adding bulk to normalize bowel movements. It must be taken with plenty of water, since it swells significantly and too little fluid can risk blockage, and it should be separated from medications by a couple of hours, as fiber can affect their absorption. Sterculia is generally safe and well tolerated; people with swallowing difficulties or bowel-narrowing conditions should avoid bulk-forming fibers without medical advice.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"yacon-syrup","name":"Yacon Syrup","latinName":"Smallanthus sonchifolius","shortDescription":"Yacon syrup is a natural sweetener made from the yacon root, rich in fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a type of prebiotic fiber. Because much of it is fiber rather than digestible sugar, it is lower in usable calories and acts as a prebiotic, feeding beneficial gut bacteria, which is why it is marketed as a lower-glycemic sweetener and for digestive and weight support. It is used as a syrup to sweeten foods. Because of its high FOS content, larger amounts can cause gas, bloating, or a laxative effect, especially at first, so it is best started in small amounts, and those with sensitive guts or FODMAP sensitivity should use it cautiously.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management","Gut Health","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"fennel","name":"Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)","latinName":"Foeniculum vulgare","shortDescription":"Fennel seed is an aromatic culinary and medicinal herb used mainly for digestive comfort, particularly easing gas, bloating, and cramping. As a classic carminative, it helps relax the digestive tract, which is why fennel tea or chewing fennel seeds is a traditional after-meal remedy, and it is also used in some traditions for infant colic, menstrual comfort, and supporting milk production while breastfeeding. Fennel is very safe as a food and tea, while concentrated fennel essential oil should be used cautiously and not in high doses. Because it has mild estrogen-like activity, those with hormone-sensitive conditions should check with a doctor before high-dose use.","categories":["Women's Health","Menopause Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"thyme","name":"Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)","latinName":"Thymus vulgaris","shortDescription":"Thyme is a fragrant culinary herb used medicinally for respiratory and throat support and as a natural antimicrobial, owing largely to its active compound thymol. Thyme tea and syrups are traditional remedies for cough and congestion, and the herb is often combined with ivy leaf in cough preparations. Beyond respiratory use, thyme provides antioxidant compounds. As a food and tea it is very safe, while concentrated thyme essential oil is potent and must be diluted and used carefully, never swallowed undiluted. Those with hormone-sensitive conditions should be moderate with high-dose concentrated forms; culinary and tea amounts pose no such concern.","categories":["Respiratory Health","Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"burdock","name":"Burdock Root (Arctium lappa)","latinName":"Arctium lappa","shortDescription":"Burdock root is a traditional herb long used as a blood-purifying tonic and for skin health, digestion, and gentle diuretic support. Rich in prebiotic inulin fiber and antioxidants, it is taken for clearer skin, digestive and liver support, and overall detoxification, and the fresh root (gobo) is also eaten as a vegetable in Asian cuisine. Modern human evidence is mostly preliminary, so it is best viewed as a gentle wellness herb with a long traditional record. Burdock is generally safe and well tolerated; choose products from reputable sources, since wild-harvested burdock can be confused with toxic belladonna, and those on diuretics should consult a doctor.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant","Detox & Cleanse","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"anserine","name":"Anserine (\u03b2-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Anserine is a dipeptide closely related to carnosine, found naturally in the muscle of fish and poultry, where it serves as an antioxidant and acid buffer. As a supplement it is used for muscle and brain support and is often paired with carnosine, including in formulas studied for cognitive support in aging and for exercise recovery, though the evidence is still preliminary. It is usually delivered within carnosine-anserine blends rather than alone, with fish and poultry as natural dietary sources. As a compound found in common foods, anserine is generally very safe and well tolerated.","categories":["Cognitive","Longevity","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"phaeodactylum-tricornutum","name":"Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT Microalga)","latinName":"Phaeodactylum tricornutum","shortDescription":"Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a microalgae used as a sustainable, plant-based source of the omega-3 EPA, along with the antioxidant carotenoid fucoxanthin. It provides EPA for cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory support and fucoxanthin, which is studied for metabolism, from a renewable algae source, making it an emerging vegan alternative to fish oil for EPA. It is dosed for its EPA and fucoxanthin content, taken with a meal for absorption. As a food-grade microalgae it is generally well tolerated and sustainably produced; like other omega-3 sources, it may have mild blood-thinning activity at high doses, so check with a doctor if you take anticoagulants.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"kaempferol","name":"Kaempferol","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Kaempferol is a flavonoid antioxidant found widely in plant foods such as kale, broccoli, beans, tea, and berries, and is one reason a vegetable-rich diet is associated with health benefits. It is studied for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support, cardiovascular health, and cellular protection, though most evidence reflects dietary intake and laboratory research rather than high-dose human trials. Isolated kaempferol supplements are uncommon and doses are not well standardized, so food sources remain the simplest way to obtain it. Dietary kaempferol is very safe, and supplements are generally well tolerated, though flavonoids can interact with some medications.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"muira-puama","name":"Muira Puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides)","latinName":"Ptychopetalum olacoides","shortDescription":"Muira puama is an Amazonian wood and bark, traditionally called potency wood, used for libido, erectile function, and as a nerve tonic for energy and mood. It is a popular ingredient in libido and vitality formulas and is traditionally used to support sexual function in both men and women and to ease fatigue, though human evidence is limited and drawn mostly from small studies and traditional use. It is used as a tincture, tea, or capsule, often combined with other tonic herbs such as catuaba. Muira puama is generally tolerated in traditional amounts; because rigorous safety and dosing data are limited, use as directed and consult a doctor if you have a medical condition.","categories":["Libido Support","Men's Health","Women's Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"myrrh","name":"Myrrh (Commiphora molmol)","latinName":"Commiphora molmol (syn. Commiphora myrrha)","shortDescription":"Myrrh is an aromatic resin with antimicrobial and astringent properties, used traditionally for oral health, wound and skin care, and digestive support, and valued in aromatherapy and incense. It is a common ingredient in natural mouthwashes and tooth powders, where it is applied as a diluted tincture or rinse for sore gums and mouth ulcers, and topically for minor wounds. Topical and oral-rinse use is generally well tolerated, but oral myrrh in larger amounts can cause digestive upset and may affect blood sugar and the heart, so internal use should be moderate. Pregnant women should avoid myrrh, as it may stimulate the uterus.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"neem","name":"Neem (Azadirachta indica)","latinName":"Azadirachta indica","shortDescription":"Neem is a tree whose leaves, oil, and bark are used in Ayurvedic tradition for skin conditions, oral and dental health, and as a broad antimicrobial and blood-purifying herb; neem oil is also a natural insect repellent and pesticide. It is traditionally used for acne and skin issues, gum health (in toothpastes), and detox support, applied topically as a diluted oil or taken internally as a bitter leaf powder. Topical neem and traditional leaf amounts are generally tolerated, but neem oil should never be swallowed, as it can be toxic, especially to children, and internal neem should be avoided in pregnancy and by those trying to conceive.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"morosil","name":"Morosil\u00ae (Moro Red Orange Extract)","latinName":"Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck \u2014 Moro cultivar","shortDescription":"Standardized extract from Sicilian Moro red blood orange juice. Studied at 400 mg/day for body composition support, with body weight, BMI, and waist/hip circumference reductions documented in placebo-controlled trials.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"casein-protein","name":"Casein Protein","latinName":"Bos taurus (bovine milk-derived)","shortDescription":"Casein is the slow-digesting protein that makes up most of milk's protein content. Unlike fast-absorbing whey, casein forms a gel in the stomach and releases amino acids steadily over several hours, which is why it is popular as a nighttime protein to support overnight muscle recovery and to promote fullness between meals. It supplies all essential amino acids and supports muscle building and maintenance well. Many people use whey around workouts and casein before bed, though total daily protein intake matters most for results. A typical serving provides 25 to 40 grams of protein; those with a milk allergy should avoid it.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"salacia","name":"Salacia (Salacinol)","latinName":"Salacia reticulata / Salacia oblonga / Salacia chinensis","shortDescription":"Salacia is a plant used in Ayurvedic tradition for blood-sugar support, containing compounds that inhibit the enzymes which digest carbohydrates, helping reduce the rise in blood sugar after starchy or sugary meals in a way conceptually similar to some diabetes medications. It is best taken with carbohydrate-containing meals, and research suggests it may modestly blunt post-meal blood-sugar spikes. Salacia is generally well tolerated, though, because it affects carbohydrate digestion, it may cause gas or bloating; since it can lower blood sugar, those on diabetes medication should monitor their levels and check with a doctor.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"camu-camu","name":"Camu Camu","latinName":"Myrciaria dubia","shortDescription":"Camu camu is an Amazonian berry and one of the highest natural sources of vitamin C, used as a whole-food vitamin C and antioxidant supplement for immune and skin support. Alongside its exceptional vitamin C content, it provides antioxidant compounds that make it a popular natural alternative to synthetic ascorbic acid. The tart powder is usually added to water or smoothies in small amounts, since even a half to one teaspoon supplies a meaningful vitamin C dose. Camu camu is generally very safe and gentle, though, like any concentrated vitamin C source, very high amounts can cause mild digestive upset.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"acerola","name":"Acerola Cherry","latinName":"Malpighia emarginata DC.","shortDescription":"Acerola, also called Barbados cherry, is a small tropical fruit prized as one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C, providing far more per serving than most fruits. It is used as a whole-food vitamin C supplement for immune and antioxidant support, delivering the vitamin alongside complementary bioflavonoids that accompany it in nature. Many people prefer it over synthetic ascorbic acid for this food-based form, and it tends to be gentle on the stomach. Acerola products are typically dosed to provide 100 to 500 mg of vitamin C; as with any vitamin C source, very high amounts can cause digestive upset.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"rosehip","name":"Rosehip (Rosa canina)","latinName":"Rosa canina L.","shortDescription":"Rosehip is the fruit of the rose plant, very high in vitamin C and antioxidants and used for immune and skin support. A specific standardized rosehip powder is also studied for joint comfort in osteoarthritis, where an anti-inflammatory compound (a galactolipid) may ease stiffness and discomfort; joint studies typically use about 5 grams per day. Beyond joints, its vitamin C supports collagen formation and immunity. Rosehip is generally very safe and well tolerated, though high doses provide a lot of vitamin C, which can cause digestive upset in some people, and it may have mild blood-thinning activity at higher amounts.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lp299v","name":"Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v / LP299V\u00ae)","latinName":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (DSM 9843)","shortDescription":"Probi-developed probiotic strain with the strongest evidence base for non-heme iron absorption enhancement. A meta-analysis of 8 trials shows a significant absorption increase. Also studied for IBS and pregnancy iron status.","categories":["Gut Health","Women's Health","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"lc-plasma","name":"ImmuseLC-Plasma (Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma)","latinName":"Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805 (strain Plasma)","shortDescription":"Heat-killed lactic acid bacterium uniquely shown to activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) \u2014 innate immune cells producing antiviral interferon. Meta-analysis of RCTs supports reduced cold-like symptom days.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactosporin","name":"LactoSporin","latinName":"Bacillus coagulans (Weizmannia coagulans) MTCC 5856 \u2014 extracellular metabolite","shortDescription":"Postbiotic extracellular metabolite from Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 (LactoSpore\u00ae). Topical application studies show effects on acne and skin aging. Newer postbiotic category \u2014 limited but growing clinical base.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"aspurus-shatavari","name":"Aspur\u016bs\u2122 (Shatavari for Menopause)","latinName":"Asparagus racemosus Willd.","shortDescription":"Standardized full-spectrum Shatavari root extract (5% Shatavarins) developed for menopause. Multicenter RCT showed improvements in hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, anxiety, vaginal dryness, libido, and quality of life vs placebo.","categories":["Menopause Support","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lifenol-hops","name":"Hop Extract (Humulus lupulus) for Menopause","latinName":"Humulus lupulus L. \u2014 female cones","shortDescription":"Hop extract from Humulus lupulus (the hop plant, source of beer bittering) is one of the more interesting botanical interventions for menopausal symptoms \u2014 uniquely containing 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), often described as one of the most potent naturally-occurring phytoestrogens identified. 8-PN binds estrogen receptors with higher affinity than soy isoflavones, daidzein, or genistein. Standardized hop extracts for menopause are typically prepared from the female hop cones (strobiles) where 8-PN concentrates. Clinical doses across published trials range from 100-500 mcg of 8-PN equivalents per day. Multiple RCTs have documented reductions in hot flashes, night sweats, and Greene Climacteric Scale scores vs placebo over 6-16 weeks. Honest framing: hop's phytoestrogen mechanism is genuinely more potent in vitro than other commonly-supplemented phytoestrogens, but human trial evidence is more modest \u2014 the dose at which 8-PN is delivered in supplements is small (mcg range vs the gram-range isoflavone doses used in soy trials). Estrogen-sensitive conditions are a contraindication.","categories":["Menopause Support","Bone Health","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"beta-carotene","name":"Beta-Carotene","latinName":"Provitamin A carotenoid (\u03b2,\u03b2-carotene)","shortDescription":"Beta-carotene is an orange-red plant pigment (a carotenoid) found in carrots, sweet potatoes, and leafy greens that the body converts into vitamin A as needed. Because this conversion is regulated, beta-carotene provides vitamin A activity without the toxicity risk of high-dose preformed retinol, making it a safer way to support vision, immune function, skin, and antioxidant defense, including during pregnancy. It is commonly included in multivitamins to supply part of the vitamin A requirement. One important caution: high-dose beta-carotene supplements have been linked to increased lung cancer risk in smokers, who should get carotenoids from food instead.","categories":["Antioxidant","Eye Health","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"soy-protein","name":"Soy Protein","latinName":"Glycine max \u2014 soybean protein isolate / concentrate","shortDescription":"Soy protein is one of the few plant proteins that is complete, supplying all nine essential amino acids in good amounts, which makes it an effective option for building and maintaining muscle. Research shows it can support muscle growth comparably to animal proteins, and it carries an authorized health claim for supporting heart health, partly by helping lower LDL cholesterol when it replaces some animal protein. It is a staple protein for vegetarians, vegans, and those avoiding dairy. Despite a persistent myth, normal intakes of soy protein do not lower testosterone or raise estrogen in men. A typical serving provides 20 to 30 grams of protein.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Cardiovascular","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"ellagic-acid","name":"Ellagic Acid","latinName":"2,3,7,8-Tetrahydroxychromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-5,10-dione","shortDescription":"Ellagic acid is a polyphenol antioxidant found in pomegranates, raspberries, strawberries, and walnuts, valued for antioxidant, skin, and cellular-health support. It is also the precursor that gut bacteria convert (along with related ellagitannins) into urolithin A, a compound studied for mitochondrial and muscle health; because not everyone's microbiome makes much urolithin A, some people take that compound directly instead. Ellagic acid doses are not well standardized, so supplements vary, and pomegranate and berries are rich food sources. It is very safe from foods, and concentrated supplements are generally well tolerated.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"resistant-starch","name":"Resistant Starch","latinName":"Type 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 resistant starches (varied origins)","shortDescription":"Resistant starch is a type of starch that resists digestion in the small intestine and instead ferments in the colon like a fiber, feeding beneficial bacteria and producing butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid that nourishes the gut lining. Through this prebiotic action it supports gut health and may aid blood-sugar control, fullness, and regularity. Sources include green bananas, cooked-and-cooled potatoes or rice, legumes, and supplements such as raw potato starch. Studies often use 15 to 30 grams per day, but it is best started low to limit the gas and bloating that can occur as gut bacteria adjust over the first weeks.","categories":["Gut Health","Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"pyruvate","name":"Pyruvate (Calcium Pyruvate / Sodium Pyruvate)","latinName":"\u03b1-keto-propanoate (3-carbon ketoacid)","shortDescription":"Pyruvate, often supplemented as calcium pyruvate, is a compound from glucose metabolism that plays a central role in how the body produces energy. It is marketed for weight loss, energy, and exercise performance, but the evidence is weak: studies using high doses found only small, inconsistent effects on weight, so it is not an effective weight-loss aid for most people. Typical supplements provide less than the large amounts used in research, which often caused digestive upset. Pyruvate is generally tolerated at moderate doses, while higher amounts commonly cause gas, bloating, and diarrhea.","categories":["Weight Management","Athletic Performance","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"multivitamin","name":"Multivitamin / Multimineral","latinName":"Multi-ingredient nutrient supplement","shortDescription":"A multivitamin combines a broad range of vitamins and minerals in one daily dose, serving as nutritional insurance to help fill gaps in an imperfect diet. Rather than a proven way to prevent disease in well-nourished people, it is best viewed as a safety net, most useful for those with limited or restricted diets, higher nutrient needs, or specific shortfalls. Formulas are often tailored by age and sex; for example, many men's and postmenopausal versions omit iron, which those groups rarely need extra of. Taking it with a meal containing some fat improves absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins and reduces the chance of nausea.","categories":["Longevity","Cognitive","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ip6","name":"IP6 (Inositol Hexaphosphate / Phytic Acid)","latinName":"myo-Inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate","shortDescription":"Polyphosphorylated form of inositol found at high concentration in cereals, legumes, and seeds. Supplemented for kidney stone prevention, cardiovascular calcification (SNF472 in trials), and as adjunct to chemotherapy. Pilot RCTs show improved quality of life in breast cancer patients on chemo.","categories":["Antioxidant","Kidney/Urinary Tract","Cardiovascular","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"trehalose","name":"Trehalose","latinName":"\u03b1-D-glucopyranosyl-(1\u21921)-\u03b1-D-glucopyranoside (mycose)","shortDescription":"Trehalose is a natural sugar made of two glucose units, found in mushrooms, honey, and some plants. About half as sweet as table sugar, it is used as a gentle sweetener and a food stabilizer that protects texture and moisture during freezing and drying. It is also studied for cellular-protective and autophagy-supporting properties, though human supplement evidence is limited. Because it is digested into glucose, trehalose does raise blood sugar, though more gradually than table sugar, so it is not a zero-calorie sweetener. It is recognized as safe and widely used in foods, with only those lacking the trehalase enzyme prone to digestive upset.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"activated-charcoal","name":"Activated Charcoal","latinName":"Carbo activatus (medicinal charcoal)","shortDescription":"Activated charcoal is a highly porous form of carbon that binds substances in the digestive tract. It is used medically in emergencies for certain poisonings and overdoses, and as a supplement for occasional gas, bloating, and digestive complaints, though trendy detox and hangover uses have little solid evidence. Because it binds indiscriminately, it must be taken away from food, medications, and supplements, by at least a couple of hours, since it reduces their absorption, including birth control. For occasional use it is generally safe, harmlessly turning stool black; it should not be used to self-treat poisoning at home, where poison control or emergency services should be called.","categories":["Detox & Cleanse","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ferulic-acid","name":"Ferulic Acid","latinName":"(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid","shortDescription":"Ferulic acid is a phenolic compound abundant in rice bran, oats, wheat, coffee, and traditional Chinese herbs (Angelica sinensis, Cimicifuga racemosa). It functions as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and chelating metals through its methoxy-phenolic structure. In hyperlipidemic adults, 1 g/day showed significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and oxidized LDL, along with reductions in inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, TNF-alpha). Topical applications (commonly with vitamin C and vitamin E) provide UV photoprotection. The honest framing: a well-characterized antioxidant with one good oral cardiovascular RCT and well-validated topical photoprotection; oral evidence rests on that single trial, so it is limited but suggestive.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"squalene","name":"Squalene","latinName":"2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene","shortDescription":"Squalene is a natural lipid found in human skin oils as well as in shark liver and plant oils like olive and amaranth, used mainly in skincare as a lightweight moisturizer and as a supplement for skin and antioxidant support. In skincare it is usually found as squalane, its more stable hydrogenated form, which resists oxidation and suits most skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone, since it mimics the skin's own oils. Plant-derived squalane from olive or sugarcane is a sustainable alternative to shark-derived sources. It is generally very well tolerated topically, and oral supplements are generally safe at labeled doses.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"rosmarinic-acid","name":"Rosmarinic Acid","latinName":"(R)-\u03b1-[[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2E-propenyl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxybenzenepropanoic acid","shortDescription":"Rosmarinic acid is a polyphenol antioxidant found in rosemary, lemon balm, sage, and other mint-family herbs, valued for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support, calmer mood, and a healthy histamine and allergic response. It contributes to the soothing, calming effects of herbs like lemon balm and is studied for seasonal allergy comfort and cognitive support. It is usually delivered through standardized extracts of rosemary, lemon balm, or spearmint rather than taken on its own. From culinary herbs it is very safe, and supplements are generally well tolerated; high-dose use is best discussed with a doctor by those who are pregnant or on medication.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant","Cognitive","Respiratory Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"sesamin","name":"Sesamin","latinName":"(1R,2S,5R,6S)-2,6-bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane","shortDescription":"Sesamin is a lignan compound concentrated in sesame seeds and oil, studied for supporting healthy cholesterol and blood pressure, antioxidant activity, liver function, and fat metabolism. One notable property is its ability to enhance vitamin E (tocopherol) levels in the body, and it is sometimes used by athletes for fat-metabolism support. Supplements provide anywhere from tens of milligrams to a few hundred milligrams per day, while sesame seeds and unrefined sesame oil are natural dietary sources. Sesamin is very safe from sesame foods (barring sesame allergy), and supplements are generally well tolerated; those on blood-pressure medication should monitor.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"wild-yam","name":"Wild Yam","latinName":"Dioscorea villosa, Dioscorea alata, and other Dioscorea species","shortDescription":"Wild yam is a plant used for women's health, particularly menopausal symptoms and menstrual cramps, and historically as a source of diosgenin, a compound used in laboratories to synthesize hormones. A common misconception is that the body converts wild yam into progesterone; it does not, so natural wild yam creams do not provide progesterone unless it has been added separately. It is used as a cream, tincture, or capsule, with traditional, modest effects. Wild yam is generally well tolerated in normal amounts, though high doses may cause digestive upset, and those with hormone-sensitive conditions should check with a doctor.","categories":["Menopause Support","Women's Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"uva-ursi","name":"Uva ursi (Bearberry)","latinName":"Arctostaphylos uva-ursi","shortDescription":"Uva ursi (bearberry) is a traditional herb used for short-term urinary tract support. Its compound arbutin is converted in the body into a substance with antibacterial activity in the urinary tract, especially when urine is alkaline, which is the basis for its traditional use for mild urinary discomfort. It is not a substitute for medical treatment of a urinary tract infection. Crucially, uva ursi should only be used short-term, no more than a week or two and only a few times a year, because its hydroquinone-related compounds can harm the liver with prolonged or high-dose use; pregnant or breastfeeding women and children should avoid it.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"centrophenoxine","name":"Centrophenoxine (Meclofenoxate)","latinName":"2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine","shortDescription":"Centrophenoxine is a compound that combines DMAE with a plant growth factor, studied for brain aging, supporting acetylcholine, and helping clear a cellular age pigment called lipofuscin. It has been used as a medicine in some countries and is taken as a nootropic for cognitive support, memory, and mental energy, with research that is modest and mostly older. Doses are commonly around 250 to 1,000 mg per day, taken earlier in the day since it can be mildly stimulating. Centrophenoxine is generally reported as tolerated short-term, though long-term self-directed use is uncertain; those with seizure disorders or on cholinergic drugs should be cautious.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"idebenone","name":"Idebenone","latinName":"2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-1,4-benzoquinone","shortDescription":"Idebenone is a synthetic analog of CoQ10 engineered to be more water-soluble and to function even under low-oxygen conditions. It is studied for mitochondrial energy support, antioxidant protection, and certain neurological and eye conditions, and is also used in skincare. While it was designed to overcome some of CoQ10's limitations, CoQ10 (especially ubiquinol) remains far better studied for general energy and antioxidant use. Doses vary widely by purpose, often from around 150 mg upward, taken with food. Idebenone is generally well tolerated at supplemental doses; its use for specific medical conditions should be supervised by a doctor.","categories":["Eye Health","Cognitive","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"limonene","name":"Limonene (D-Limonene)","latinName":"(R)-(+)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene","shortDescription":"Limonene (D-limonene) is a compound from citrus peels, used mainly for digestive comfort, especially occasional heartburn and reflux, and studied for antioxidant and metabolic support; it also gives citrus its fresh scent and appears in aromatherapy and cleaning products. As a supplement it is popularly used for heartburn, with some preliminary and anecdotal support, possibly by helping protect the esophagus and stomach. Supplements commonly provide about 500 mg to 1 gram, sometimes taken every other day. D-limonene is generally well tolerated, though it can cause a citrusy burp; it may interact with certain medications, so those on prescriptions should check with a doctor.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"menthol","name":"Menthol","latinName":"(1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexan-1-ol","shortDescription":"Menthol is the cooling compound from mint, used topically for muscle and joint aches in rubs and patches, and in cough lozenges, throat products, and chest rubs for congestion. It works by activating cold-sensing receptors, producing a cooling sensation that distracts from pain and soothes sore muscles, while providing a feeling of easier breathing in cough and cold products. In topical products and lozenges, menthol is generally safe and well tolerated, though it can irritate sensitive skin. Concentrated menthol and menthol oils should not be swallowed in quantity, as they can be toxic, and menthol or camphor rubs must be kept away from young children's faces.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"tea-tree-oil","name":"Tea Tree Oil","latinName":"Melaleuca alternifolia","shortDescription":"Tea tree oil is an essential oil used topically as a natural antiseptic and antimicrobial for acne, fungal skin infections, dandruff, and minor wounds, and it is one of the most popular essential oils for skin. Research suggests it can reduce acne breakouts comparably to benzoyl peroxide but with less irritation when used diluted. It is for topical use only, applied diluted in a carrier oil or within formulated products, never undiluted on large areas. Crucially, tea tree oil must never be swallowed, as it is toxic if ingested; it can cause skin irritation in some, so patch-test first, and keep it away from pets.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"jojoba-oil","name":"Jojoba Oil","latinName":"Simmondsia chinensis","shortDescription":"Jojoba oil is a liquid plant wax used almost entirely in skincare and haircare as a lightweight, non-greasy moisturizer. Because its structure closely resembles the skin's own sebum, it absorbs well, moisturizes without feeling heavy, and may help balance oil production, making it suitable for most skin types, including oily and acne-prone. It is applied topically as a moisturizer, makeup remover, or hair oil, or used as a carrier oil for essential oils. Jojoba oil is generally very safe and well tolerated on skin, including sensitive types, and is non-comedogenic for most people; it is for external use only. Note: every benefit and study described here is from topical/skincare use \u2014 there are no oral dietary-supplement studies for jojoba oil, and as a non-digestible plant wax it is not meant to be swallowed.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"calendula","name":"Calendula (Pot Marigold)","latinName":"Calendula officinalis","shortDescription":"Calendula (pot marigold) is a flower used mainly in topical skincare for its soothing and healing properties on the skin. It is applied as a cream, salve, oil, or compress to support healing and calm minor wounds, burns, rashes, diaper rash, and dry or inflamed skin, owing to its anti-inflammatory and skin-supporting compounds. It is gentle enough for sensitive and baby skin in appropriate products. Topical calendula is very safe and well tolerated, though people allergic to ragweed-family plants such as daisies and marigolds may react; pregnant women should avoid internal or oral calendula, while topical use is generally fine.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"arnica","name":"Arnica (Arnica montana)","latinName":"Arnica montana","shortDescription":"Arnica is a flower used topically to ease bruises, muscle soreness, sprains, and swelling, and it is a popular natural remedy applied as a gel or cream over minor injuries and after exercise. Studies and traditional use support its application to unbroken skin for bruising, swelling, and post-exertion soreness. Importantly, topical arnica should never be applied to broken skin or open wounds, or taken internally, since undiluted arnica is toxic if swallowed; only highly diluted homeopathic forms are intended for internal use. It can cause skin irritation in some people, so a patch test is wise.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health","Athletic Performance","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"chlorophyll","name":"Chlorophyll / Chlorophyllin","latinName":"Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Sodium-Copper Chlorophyllin (CHL)","shortDescription":"Chlorophyll, often supplemented as water-soluble chlorophyllin, is the green pigment of plants, taken as a supplement or liquid drops for internal deodorizing of body and breath odor, antioxidant support, and as a popular wellness and skin trend. It also gives green superfood drinks their color. Liquid chlorophyll is commonly used at about 100 to 300 mg per day in water, with green vegetables as the natural dietary source. Chlorophyllin is generally very safe and well tolerated; it can harmlessly tint stool green and, at high doses, cause photosensitivity, so sun protection is wise. Its trendy skin-clearing claims are largely anecdotal.","categories":["Detox & Cleanse","Antioxidant","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"chlorogenic-acid","name":"Chlorogenic Acid","latinName":"5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid (and isomers)","shortDescription":"Chlorogenic acid is a polyphenol abundant in coffee, especially green (unroasted) coffee beans, and is the main active compound in green coffee bean extract. It is studied for supporting healthy blood sugar by blunting post-meal spikes, as well as for modest blood-pressure and weight support, though the effects are gentle. Roasting reduces the amount in regular coffee, so concentrated green coffee extracts are used to deliver a few hundred milligrams per day. Chlorogenic acid is generally well tolerated; green coffee extracts contain some caffeine, so those sensitive to it or with blood-pressure or blood-sugar conditions should monitor and check with a doctor.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"punicalagins","name":"Punicalagins (Pomegranate Polyphenols)","latinName":"Punica granatum (source plant)","shortDescription":"Punicalagins are the main antioxidant polyphenols, a type of ellagitannin, responsible for much of pomegranate's cardiovascular and antioxidant benefits, and pomegranate extracts are often standardized to their content. They are studied for supporting healthy blood pressure and circulation, antioxidant protection, and as the source of urolithin A after gut bacteria break them down. Pomegranate juice and whole fruit are natural sources, while extracts concentrate the punicalagins. They are very safe from pomegranate foods; like pomegranate itself, concentrated extracts may interact with certain medications by affecting drug-metabolizing enzymes, so check with a doctor if on prescriptions.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ursolic-acid","name":"Ursolic Acid","latinName":"(3\u03b2)-3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid","shortDescription":"Ursolic acid is a compound found in apple peels, rosemary, and holy basil, marketed for muscle support and fat metabolism and for antioxidant and metabolic health. Animal research suggests it may help support muscle while reducing fat, which drives its use in body-composition supplements, but human evidence is very limited, so the benefits should be viewed as preliminary. It is fat-soluble, so taking it with food aids absorption, and human dosing is not well established, with products varying. Ursolic acid occurs naturally in foods and is generally considered safe in those amounts, while concentrated supplement safety data is limited; those on medication or pregnant should check with a doctor.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Anti-Inflammatory","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"oat-bran","name":"Oat Bran (Beta-Glucan)","latinName":"Avena sativa (oat)","shortDescription":"Oat bran is the fiber-rich outer layer of the oat grain, valued mainly for its high content of beta-glucan, a soluble fiber with well-established support for healthy cholesterol. Beta-glucan forms a gel in the digestive tract that helps lower LDL cholesterol and blunt blood-sugar spikes, while oat bran's overall fiber supports digestive regularity and fullness. Aiming for about 3 grams of oat beta-glucan per day, roughly a generous serving of oat bran, is the amount linked to cholesterol benefits. It is a safe, healthy whole-food fiber; add it gradually with plenty of water, and choose certified gluten-free oats if needed.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Gut Health","Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"beef-protein-isolate","name":"Beef Protein Isolate","latinName":"Bos taurus (cattle)","shortDescription":"Beef protein isolate is a dairy-free protein powder made from beef and processed to concentrate the protein, popular among people who avoid whey or other dairy proteins. It provides complete protein, but much of it is often derived from connective tissue, which is lower in the muscle-building amino acid leucine than whey, so checking the amino acid profile is worthwhile. Studies generally find it is not superior to whey for muscle building. A typical serving provides 20 to 30 grams of protein, and some products are marketed as containing naturally occurring creatine, though the amounts are small compared with a dedicated creatine supplement.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"insect-protein","name":"Insect Protein (Cricket / Mealworm)","latinName":"Acheta domesticus (house cricket), Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm), Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm)","shortDescription":"Insect protein, often cricket flour or powder, is a sustainable, complete protein source rich in protein, vitamin B12, iron, and fiber from chitin. It provides all essential amino acids comparable to other animal proteins, plus useful micronutrients, and is produced with a much smaller environmental footprint, which is its main appeal as an eco-friendly protein. A typical serving provides around 10 to 20 grams of protein, used like other protein sources toward a daily target. For most people it is safe and nutritious, but people with shellfish or dust-mite allergies may react, since insect protein shares related allergens, so those individuals should avoid it; choose food-grade products.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"mycoprotein","name":"Mycoprotein (Quorn)","latinName":"Fusarium venenatum (source fungus)","shortDescription":"Mycoprotein is a fungal protein source produced by fermenting Fusarium venenatum (a microscopic fungus), commercialized primarily as Quorn. It's a complete protein with all essential amino acids and naturally high fiber content (roughly 6 g per 100 g serving). Clinical evidence supports cardiovascular benefits (LDL cholesterol reduction), satiety and weight management, and improved glycemic responses compared to meat-based proteins. The amino acid profile is good \u2014 leucine content somewhat lower than whey but sufficient for muscle protein synthesis in adequate servings. Sustainable production with much lower environmental impact than animal protein. The honest framing: a well-tolerated complete plant-based protein with cardiovascular and metabolic benefits beyond just protein replacement \u2014 particularly useful for those seeking meat reduction with continued high-quality protein intake.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"milk-protein","name":"Milk Protein (MPC/MPI)","latinName":"Bos taurus milk","shortDescription":"Milk protein supplies both of milk's proteins in their natural ratio, roughly 80% slow-digesting casein and 20% fast-digesting whey. This blend delivers a quick rise plus a sustained release of amino acids, making it a versatile, complete protein for building and maintaining muscle and promoting fullness. It contains all essential amino acids and supports recovery well across the day. A typical serving provides 20 to 30 grams of protein, and as with any protein, total daily intake is what matters most for results. People with a true milk allergy should avoid it, and those sensitive to lactose may prefer a low-lactose isolate.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"velvet-antler","name":"Velvet Antler (Deer/Elk)","latinName":"Cervus elaphus (red deer/elk antler velvet)","shortDescription":"Velvet antler is a traditional supplement made from the soft, growing antler of deer or elk, used in East Asian medicine as a tonic for vitality, joint and bone support, recovery, and athletic performance. It contains collagen, growth factors, and minerals, and is marketed especially to athletes, though human evidence is limited and mixed. Doses depend on the product and standardization. Velvet antler is generally reported as well tolerated, but because it contains growth factors such as IGF-1, it is banned in some sports, and those with hormone-sensitive conditions should be cautious; choose tested products and check with a doctor.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"keratin","name":"Keratin (Cynatine HNS)","latinName":"Solubilized keratin from Ovis aries (sheep wool)","shortDescription":"Keratin is the structural protein that makes up hair, skin, and nails, and supplemental keratin, often a solubilized, bioavailable form, is used to support hair strength, shine, and growth and stronger nails. Some studies of specific bioavailable keratin suggest it may improve hair and nail quality by supplying the building blocks and amino acids, such as cysteine, that these tissues are made of. Studied doses are often around 500 mg per day, with benefits taking 8 to 12 weeks as hair and nails grow slowly. Oral keratin supplements are generally well tolerated; topical keratin hair treatments are a separate cosmetic use.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"silk-amino-acids","name":"Silk Amino Acids / Silk Fibroin Hydrolysate","latinName":"Bombyx mori (silk source)","shortDescription":"Silk amino acids are a blend of amino acids derived from silk protein, used both in skincare, for hydration and a smooth feel, and in sports supplements marketed for muscle recovery and endurance. In cosmetics and haircare they act as moisturizing and conditioning agents, while their performance claims in supplements rest on limited human evidence. Used topically they are generally very well tolerated, and as an oral supplement they are essentially a protein-derived amino acid source that is generally safe, if of unproven benefit for performance. Those with medical conditions should check with a doctor before supplemental use.","categories":["Cognitive","Athletic Performance","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bakuchi","name":"Bakuchi (Bakuchiol)","latinName":"Psoralea corylifolia","shortDescription":"Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia) is an Ayurvedic herb traditionally used for skin conditions such as vitiligo and psoriasis, and it is the natural source of bakuchiol, a plant compound popular in modern skincare as a gentler alternative to retinol. Bakuchiol is used topically in serums and creams for anti-aging and smoothing effects with less irritation than retinol. Cosmetic bakuchiol is generally well tolerated, but the raw bakuchi herb and its psoralens can cause strong photosensitivity and other effects, so internal or raw use should be guided by a knowledgeable practitioner; pregnant women should avoid it.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"punarnava","name":"Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa)","latinName":"Boerhavia diffusa","shortDescription":"Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa) is an Ayurvedic herb whose name means renewer, used mainly as a diuretic and for kidney, urinary, and fluid-balance support, as well as liver and inflammatory support. It is traditionally used to reduce water retention and edema, support kidney and urinary function, and aid the liver, and it is a classic rejuvenating diuretic herb. Punarnava is used as a powder, decoction, or standardized extract under product or practitioner guidance. It is generally tolerated in traditional amounts; as a diuretic, those on diuretic medication, with kidney conditions, or who are dehydrated should use it cautiously and check with a doctor.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Liver Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"kutki","name":"Kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa)","latinName":"Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth","shortDescription":"Kutki is the common Ayurvedic name for Picrorhiza kurroa, a bitter Himalayan herb used mainly for liver support and detoxification, digestion, and immune and respiratory health. Its picroside compounds are studied for liver-protective effects, making it one of the classic Ayurvedic liver and bile-supporting herbs. It is used as a powder or standardized extract, often in small amounts because of its strong bitterness. Kutki is generally tolerated in traditional amounts, though the bitterness may upset some stomachs; because it affects the liver and immune system, those with medical conditions or on medication should check with a doctor. Wild kutki is threatened, so choose sustainable sources.","categories":["Liver Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"safed-musli","name":"Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum)","latinName":"Chlorophytum borivilianum","shortDescription":"Safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) is an Ayurvedic herb used as a rejuvenating tonic for vitality, strength, libido, and male reproductive health, considered both an adaptogen and an aphrodisiac. It is traditionally used for sexual vitality and stamina, general strength and recovery, and as a restorative tonic, and contains saponins, though human evidence is mostly preliminary. It is used as a powder or capsules, and traditionally the root powder is taken with milk. Safed musli is generally tolerated in traditional amounts; as with many tonic herbs, rigorous safety data is limited, so use as directed and check with a doctor if you have a medical condition or take medication.","categories":["Libido Support","Testosterone","Fertility","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"dong-quai","name":"Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis)","latinName":"Angelica sinensis","shortDescription":"Dong quai (Angelica sinensis), known as female ginseng, is a Chinese herb used traditionally for women's health, including menstrual regularity and cramps and menopausal support. It is a classic blood-building and blood-moving herb, usually taken within Chinese herbal formulas rather than alone, though Western studies are limited and mixed. It is used as a decoction or extract under product or practitioner guidance. Dong quai may have mild blood-thinning and sun-sensitizing effects and moves the blood, so it should be avoided during pregnancy, with heavy menstrual bleeding, or while on anticoagulants without medical guidance.","categories":["Women's Health","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"kudzu","name":"Kudzu (Pueraria lobata)","latinName":"Pueraria montana var. lobata (= Pueraria lobata) \u2014 Fabaceae","shortDescription":"Chinese herbal root used in TCM for over 2,000 years to treat drunkenness. Distinct from Pueraria mirifica (different species, different actives \u2014 puerarin/daidzin vs miroestrol). Recently reclassified Pueraria montana var. lobata. Modern interest centers on isoflavone-driven reduction of alcohol consumption, with RCTs consistently showing 25-50% reduction in voluntary beer consumption in heavy drinkers. Among the better-studied herbs in randomized trials for reducing voluntary alcohol intake in heavy drinkers (not a treatment for alcohol use disorder). Standardized extracts run 19% puerarin/4% daidzin/2% daidzein. Wild Pueraria lobata contains 7-12% isoflavones; cultivated/edible Pueraria thomsonii 1-3% \u2014 most OTC products are under-standardized.","categories":["Liver Health","Mood & Mental Health","Cardiovascular","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"japanese-knotweed","name":"Japanese Knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum)","latinName":"Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (= Polygonum cuspidatum, Fallopia japonica) \u2014 Polygonaceae","shortDescription":"Invasive plant species widely used as the commercial source of resveratrol for ~95% of supplements globally, far more economical than grape-skin extraction. Recently reclassified Reynoutria japonica (formerly Polygonum cuspidatum / Fallopia japonica). Root contains ~3-5% trans-resveratrol + ~10-15% polydatin (resveratrol-3-O-\u03b2-D-glucoside) + emodin (anthraquinone, laxative). Most evidence transfers from resveratrol-specific research; standalone knotweed RCTs are limited. Featured in the Buhner Lyme protocol but lacks rigorous Lyme RCT evidence. Polydatin (more bioavailable than the aglycone) demonstrates lipid-lowering in animals. The 'natural resveratrol' from knotweed has the same evidence base as resveratrol itself; what's unique is the emodin content + co-factors.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Cardiovascular","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"eucommia-bark","name":"Eucommia Bark (Du Zhong)","latinName":"Eucommia ulmoides","shortDescription":"Eucommia bark (du zhong) is a classic Chinese tonic herb traditionally used to strengthen the bones, tendons, lower back, and knees and to support healthy blood pressure. In Traditional Chinese Medicine terms it is a kidney tonic for structural and skeletal support, and it is also studied for bone and cardiovascular health. It is typically used within traditional formulas or as a decoction or extract, under product or practitioner guidance. Eucommia is generally considered safe within traditional practice; because it may lower blood pressure, those on blood-pressure medication should monitor and check with a knowledgeable practitioner or doctor.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Bone Health","Joint Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"danshen","name":"Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)","latinName":"Salvia miltiorrhiza","shortDescription":"Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza, red sage) is one of the most studied herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine for cardiovascular and circulatory support, used to promote healthy circulation, heart function, and blood flow. Its compounds, including tanshinones and salvianolic acids, are credited with these effects, and it is widely used in China for cardiovascular conditions. Danshen is used within traditional formulas, as a decoction, or as standardized extracts. Importantly, it can interact strongly with the blood thinner warfarin, increasing bleeding risk, so anyone on anticoagulants or with cardiovascular conditions should use it only with a doctor's guidance.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"polygala","name":"Polygala (Yuan Zhi)","latinName":"Polygala tenuifolia","shortDescription":"Polygala (yuan zhi) is a Chinese herb used as a calming and cognitive tonic, traditionally to calm the spirit and support memory, sleep, and a settled mind. It is a classic herb in formulas for mood and cognition and is studied for neuroprotective and mood-related effects. The prepared root is used within traditional formulas or as an extract, under product or practitioner guidance. Polygala is generally considered safe within traditional practice, though raw polygala can irritate the stomach, so it is usually processed to reduce this; those with ulcers or gastritis should use caution and consult a practitioner or doctor.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cnidium","name":"Cnidium (She Chuang Zi)","latinName":"Cnidium monnieri","shortDescription":"Fruit of Cnidium monnieri (She Chuang Zi, \u86c7\u5e8a\u5b50, Apiaceae), used in TCM for over 2,000 years for skin disorders, libido, and bone health. The active compound osthole (7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) coumarin, ~1-2% of fruit) shows promising preclinical effects on osteoporosis (Wnt/\u03b2-catenin + BMP-2 signaling) and theoretical PDE5 inhibition. Also contains imperatorin, bergapten, isopimpinellin, and xanthotoxin (furocoumarins, which are phototoxic). Almost all evidence is preclinical (cells, rats); rigorous human RCTs are lacking. Topical TCM use for eczema, scabies, and candidiasis. Contraindications: pregnancy, photosensitizing medications, and sun exposure with high doses.","categories":["Libido Support","Bone Health","Hair, Skin & Nails","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"phellodendron","name":"Phellodendron (Huang Bai)","latinName":"Phellodendron amurense","shortDescription":"Phellodendron (huang bai) is a Chinese herb used traditionally to clear heat and dampness and, in modern supplements, paired with magnolia bark for stress and cortisol balance. Traditionally it is used for inflammatory and damp-heat conditions affecting the urinary, skin, and digestive systems, while modern use focuses on stress and weight support, and it contains berberine, linking it to metabolic and blood-sugar effects. It is used within traditional formulas or standardized stress-support blends. Phellodendron is generally tolerated; because it contains berberine, it may affect blood sugar and interact with medications, so those on prescriptions should check with a doctor, and pregnant women should avoid it.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"butchers-broom","name":"Butcher's Broom (Ruscus aculeatus)","latinName":"Ruscus aculeatus","shortDescription":"Butcher's broom is a traditional herb used for vein and circulation health, supporting leg comfort, healthy circulation and normal vein tone. It has traditionally been associated with tired, heavy-feeling legs. Its active compounds, ruscogenins, help tighten and tone veins and reduce capillary leakiness, which is why it is often combined with hesperidin and vitamin C in vein-support formulas. It is used as a standardized extract, with leg-comfort benefits building over several weeks. Butcher's broom is generally well tolerated, with occasional mild digestive upset; because it affects blood vessels, those on blood-pressure medication or who are pregnant should check with a doctor.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pine-pollen","name":"Pine Pollen","latinName":"Pinus massoniana / Pinus tabuliformis (primary medicinal species)","shortDescription":"Pollen from various pine species (most commonly Pinus massoniana from China). Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Korean traditional medicine for centuries as a vitality tonic. Marketed as a 'natural testosterone source' due to trace androstenedione and testosterone content (~0.7-0.8 \u03bcg per 10 g), but this trace amount is mechanistically insufficient for direct hormonal effect \u2014 even several grams provides only nanograms-to-micrograms of exogenous testosterone. Almost all evidence is preclinical; human evidence is limited to industry-sponsored open-label pilot studies. Pollen-allergic individuals: avoid (anaphylaxis risk).","categories":["Testosterone","Men's Health","Libido Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pueraria-mirifica","name":"Pueraria Mirifica (Kwao Kruea Khao)","latinName":"Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (Airy Shaw & Suvat.) Niyomdham \u2014 Fabaceae","shortDescription":"Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (Kwao Kruea Khao) \u2014 a Thai/Burmese herb used traditionally for women's vitality and rejuvenation. Distinct from kudzu (Pueraria lobata). Contains the chromene phytoestrogens miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol \u2014 structurally similar to estradiol and ~50\u00d7 more potent than soy isoflavones. Multiple Thai-led RCTs support menopausal symptom relief, lipid improvement, and bone turnover effects. Contraindicated in hormone-sensitive cancers, pregnancy, and lactation.","categories":["Women's Health","Menopause Support","Bone Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"chrysin","name":"Chrysin (5,7-Dihydroxyflavone)","latinName":"Passiflora caerulea (passionflower) \u2014 major source","shortDescription":"Flavonoid from passionflower (Passiflora caerulea), honey, and propolis. Marketed for testosterone boosting via aromatase inhibition \u2014 but human RCT evidence showed NO effect on testosterone levels due to extremely poor oral bioavailability (<1%). In vitro aromatase inhibition does not translate to human effects. Honest: mostly ineffective oral supplement despite popular bodybuilding marketing. Systematic review confirms negative aromatase translation. Some interest in irinotecan-induced diarrhea prevention (local intestinal effects vs systemic). Liposomal/methylated derivatives (LipoMicel, 7-MF, 7,4'-DMC) under development might improve bioavailability \u2014 but lack rigorous clinical evidence yet. EL=1 reflects negative human efficacy + bioavailability problem.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"myricetin","name":"Myricetin","latinName":"Found in Myrica rubra, walnuts, berries, tea","shortDescription":"Myricetin is a flavonoid antioxidant found in berries, grapes, tea, and many vegetables, studied for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and for supporting healthy blood sugar and metabolic function. Much of the evidence comes from laboratory studies and dietary intake rather than large human trials, so it is best viewed as one of the many beneficial plant compounds in a varied diet. Isolated supplements are uncommon and not well standardized in dose. Dietary myricetin is very safe, and concentrated supplements are generally well tolerated, though, like other flavonoids, they can interact with certain medications, so those on prescriptions should check with a doctor.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pelargonidin","name":"Pelargonidin","latinName":"Found in Fragaria \u00d7 ananassa (strawberries)","shortDescription":"Pelargonidin is an anthocyanin, the red-orange pigment antioxidant that gives strawberries, raspberries, and red radishes their color. Like other anthocyanins, it contributes antioxidant and blood-vessel-supporting activity associated with berry-rich diets, of interest for cardiovascular and metabolic health. Most evidence reflects whole-food berry intake rather than isolated pelargonidin, which is rarely sold on its own and is instead obtained through anthocyanin-rich berries and berry extracts. As a natural berry pigment it is very safe in dietary amounts, and a colorful, berry-rich diet remains the simplest and safest way to get it.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"betalains","name":"Betalains (Beetroot Pigments)","latinName":"Beta vulgaris (beetroot \u2014 primary source)","shortDescription":"Betalains are the vivid red and yellow antioxidant pigments found in beets, prickly pear, and Swiss chard, and they give beetroot products their deep color. They are studied for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support and, in the context of beetroot, for exercise recovery, contributing to beetroot's popularity among both athletes and people seeking general antioxidant support. Betalains are typically delivered through beetroot juice, powder, or extracts standardized for betalain content rather than dosed in isolation. They are very safe from beets; one harmless effect is beeturia, a temporary pink tint to urine or stool in some people.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"capsinoids","name":"Capsinoids (Non-Pungent Capsaicin Analogs)","latinName":"Capsicum annuum 'CH-19 Sweet'","shortDescription":"Capsinoids are compounds from sweet, non-pungent peppers that are chemically related to capsaicin but lack its burning heat, making them far easier to take in supplement form. They are used for metabolism and weight support, as they may gently increase calorie burning and fat oxidation, with studies typically using around 6 to 9 mg per day. The metabolic effect is modest, so they are best viewed as supportive rather than a primary weight tool. Being non-pungent, capsinoids avoid the stomach burning that capsaicin can cause and are generally well tolerated, offering a gentler option for thermogenic support.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Athletic Performance","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"hordenine","name":"Hordenine","latinName":"Hordeum vulgare (barley) \u2014 primary source","shortDescription":"Hordenine is a compound found in barley, certain cacti, and bitter orange, used in pre-workout and fat-burner supplements for a mild stimulant and focus effect. It is marketed for energy, alertness, and appetite control, often combined with PEA and caffeine, on the basis of its mild stimulant and norepinephrine-related activity, though human evidence is limited. Supplement doses are often around 30 to 75 mg within stimulant blends. As a stimulant-like compound, hordenine may raise heart rate and blood pressure and could interact with MAO inhibitors and other stimulants, so those with heart conditions or on related medication should avoid it.","categories":["Energy","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"glucuronolactone","name":"Glucuronolactone (D-Glucurono-\u03b3-Lactone)","latinName":"Endogenous metabolite; produced from glucose","shortDescription":"Glucuronolactone is a compound naturally produced by the body and found in connective tissue, most familiar as a common ingredient in energy drinks alongside caffeine and taurine. It is marketed for energy, reduced fatigue, and detoxification, though strong independent evidence for these specific benefits is limited, and much of an energy drink's effect comes from its caffeine and sugar. It is typically consumed within energy-drink formulas rather than as a standalone supplement. At the amounts in energy drinks it is generally considered safe, and the body makes it naturally; long-term high-dose data is limited.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"glynac","name":"GlyNAC (Glycine + N-Acetylcysteine)","latinName":"Synthetic combination \u2014 glycine + NAC","shortDescription":"Combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine developed by Dr. Rajagopal Sekhar at Baylor College of Medicine for aging-related glutathione deficiency. An RCT in older adults reported improvements in oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers, mitochondrial function, gait speed, and glucose metabolism. Promising but single-team evidence base.","categories":["Longevity","Antioxidant","Muscle & Recovery","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"sulbutiamine","name":"Sulbutiamine (Arcalion)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 derived from thiamine (vitamin B1)","shortDescription":"Sulbutiamine is a synthetic, fat-soluble derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) that crosses into the brain more readily than regular B1. It is not a conventional dietary ingredient: it is a prescription medicine for asthenia (pathological fatigue) in France and some other countries, and elsewhere a gray-market nootropic taken for fatigue, focus, and mood. Most of its evidence comes from small or older foreign medical studies of tiredness and motivation carried out under medical supervision. Doses are commonly around 200 to 600 mg, taken earlier in the day, and because tolerance can develop with daily use, it is often cycled. Sulbutiamine is generally reported as well tolerated short-term, though those with bipolar disorder should be cautious; long-term data is limited.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Libido Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"benfotiamine","name":"Benfotiamine","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 fat-soluble thiamine derivative","shortDescription":"Benfotiamine is a fat-soluble derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) that is far better absorbed and reaches higher blood levels than regular water-soluble thiamine. It is used mainly to support nerve comfort, particularly in the context of blood-sugar-related nerve concerns, because it helps counter some of the damaging effects of high glucose. Studies commonly use 150 to 300 mg once or twice daily, taken with food, with nerve-related goals building over weeks to months. Benfotiamine is generally very well tolerated, since its final active form is water-soluble and excess is excreted, giving it a strong safety profile.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"mitoq","name":"MitoQ (Mitoquinone)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 mitochondria-targeted CoQ10 derivative","shortDescription":"Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant \u2014 coenzyme Q10 with an attached lipophilic triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) cation that drives accumulation in mitochondria 100-1000x. An RCT in older adults showed improved brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and reduced aortic stiffness. A Phase II Parkinson's trial did NOT meet its primary endpoint (though it was well tolerated), and a liver-disease trial reported biomarker changes. Sold as a supplement and also studied as an investigational therapeutic; human efficacy evidence remains limited.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Longevity","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"molecular-hydrogen","name":"Molecular Hydrogen (H2)","latinName":"Hydrogen gas \u2014 smallest molecule","shortDescription":"H2 gas with selective antioxidant properties. It selectively scavenges hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite while sparing physiological ROS signaling. Delivered via hydrogen-rich water (HRW), inhalation, or H2-generating tablets. An RCT found 24-week high-concentration HRW reduced cholesterol, glucose, HbA1c, and inflammation in metabolic syndrome. Emerging field with a growing evidence base.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Metabolic Health","Athletic Performance","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"oxaloacetate","name":"Oxaloacetate (Anhydrous Enol)","latinName":"Oxaloacetic acid (anhydrous enol form, AEO) \u2014 endogenous TCA cycle intermediate","shortDescription":"Oxaloacetate is a Krebs cycle intermediate available as a supplement (typically the anhydrous enol form, marketed as benaGene\u2122). Clinical interest comes from its proposed effects on cellular energy metabolism, longevity pathways (NAD+ ratio modulation, AMPK activation), and cognitive function. Animal studies show lifespan extension and metabolic benefits; human trials are smaller and more limited but show some cognitive and metabolic effects. Also being investigated for chronic fatigue syndrome and post-COVID fatigue, with emerging clinical data. The honest framing: an interesting longevity-oriented supplement with strong mechanistic rationale but limited rigorous human evidence; reasonable for early-adopters of longevity protocols but not yet a validated cognitive enhancer or fatigue treatment. Expect more clinical data over the next few years.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"alpha-ketoglutarate","name":"Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG / Calcium AKG)","latinName":"Endogenous TCA cycle intermediate","shortDescription":"Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a compound central to the body's energy-producing Krebs cycle and to amino acid metabolism. It is used by athletes for performance and recovery, sometimes as arginine-AKG for blood-flow support, and a calcium form (Ca-AKG) has drawn interest in longevity research, where it has shown promising effects on aging markers in animals. Doses vary by form and purpose, so product labeling is the guide. As a natural metabolic compound, AKG is generally well tolerated, though long-term human data for its longevity use is still developing, and those who are pregnant or on medication should check with a doctor.","categories":["Longevity","Bone Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"alpha-lactalbumin","name":"Alpha-Lactalbumin","latinName":"Bos taurus milk whey protein fraction","shortDescription":"Alpha-lactalbumin is a specific high-quality protein fraction of whey, notable for being especially rich in the amino acids tryptophan and cysteine. Beyond serving as a complete, easily digested protein for muscle support, its high tryptophan content, which the body uses to make serotonin, has made it of interest for sleep and mood support, with some products used in the evening for its calming amino acid profile. Protein servings are similar to other whey fractions, around 10 to 20 grams. As a milk-derived protein it is generally very well tolerated, though people with a milk allergy should avoid it.","categories":["Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety","Cognitive","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"piracetam","name":"Piracetam (2-Oxo-1-pyrrolidine-acetamide)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 original racetam, derived from GABA","shortDescription":"Original 'nootropic' compound - the term was coined by Corneliu Giurgea (1972); developed by UCB Pharma. Cyclic GABA derivative with proposed mechanisms in cell membrane fluidity, AMPA receptor modulation, and microcirculation. A Cochrane review found inadequate evidence for dementia/cognitive impairment, while an industry-sponsored meta-analysis claimed efficacy. Prescription drug in Europe; gray-zone 'research compound' in the US.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"aniracetam","name":"Aniracetam (Ro 13-5057)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 fat-soluble racetam derivative","shortDescription":"Aniracetam is a fat-soluble racetam nootropic studied for cognition and, notably, for mood and a calm, focused state. Like other racetams, it is not an approved dietary supplement or drug in the United States, though it is used as a medicine in some countries, and human evidence in healthy people is limited. Being fat-soluble, it is taken with food, with community and research doses often around 750 to 1,500 mg per day, split, since it has a short half-life. Aniracetam is generally reported as tolerated short-term, with possible headache or anxiety; long-term use is uncertain, so consult a healthcare professional.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"oxiracetam","name":"Oxiracetam (4-Hydroxy Piracetam)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 hydroxylated piracetam derivative","shortDescription":"Oxiracetam is a hydroxylated piracetam analog developed in Italy in the 1980s as a cognitive enhancer. Evidence is mixed: positive trial data in mild-to-moderate dementia contradicted by negative results in pure Alzheimer's disease. The honest framing: oxiracetam may help some forms of cognitive decline, especially vascular or multi-infarct dementia, but evidence is inconsistent and rigorous modern trials are limited. The L-isomer is being developed for traumatic brain injury in China. Not FDA-approved \u2014 available as a prescription drug in Italy and a research compound elsewhere. Most consumer use is off-label experimentation in the racetam nootropic community. Approach with realistic expectations: this is not a validated cognitive enhancer for healthy adults.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pramiracetam","name":"Pramiracetam (Pramistar)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 high-affinity choline uptake racetam","shortDescription":"Pramiracetam is a potent, fat-soluble racetam studied for memory and focus and considered one of the stronger racetams by milligram. Like other racetams, it is not an approved dietary supplement or drug in the United States, though it has been studied clinically, and evidence in healthy people is limited. Community and research doses are often around 300 to 600 mg per day, split and taken with food. Pramiracetam is generally reported as tolerated short-term, with possible headache that some address by taking choline alongside; long-term and self-directed use is uncertain, so consult a healthcare professional.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"phenylpiracetam","name":"Phenylpiracetam (Phenotropil / Carphedon)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 phenyl-substituted piracetam (Russian-developed)","shortDescription":"Phenylated piracetam derivative developed in Russia (1983) by the Russian Academy of Sciences for cosmonauts. Stimulant plus cognitive effects; prescription drug in Russia for cerebrovascular deficiency, depression, asthenia, and brain injury. WADA-prohibited for athletic competition (the only racetam on the prohibited list). Effects partially via dopamine reuptake inhibition. Russian-language clinical research base; limited Western RCTs.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy","Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"coluracetam","name":"Coluracetam (BCI-540 / MKC-231)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 high-affinity choline uptake racetam","shortDescription":"Tetrahydrofuro-quinoline racetam developed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma in the 1990s for Alzheimer's. It failed Alzheimer's endpoints and was in-licensed for major depressive disorder with comorbid anxiety. A phase IIa trial in patients with MDD plus generalized anxiety reported a subgroup benefit, but the trial was never published in peer-reviewed literature and the company appears defunct. Notable for its unusual choline-uptake enhancement in damaged neurons.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"nefiracetam","name":"Nefiracetam (DM-9384)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 pyrrolidone derivative racetam","shortDescription":"Nefiracetam is a fat-soluble racetam compound studied mainly in research settings for cognition and mood. It remains largely investigational, with no approval as a dietary supplement or drug in the United States, and human evidence is limited, so it is mostly of interest to nootropic researchers rather than a mainstream supplement. Dosing is not well standardized in community use. Because human safety data is limited and some animal studies have raised concerns at high doses, nefiracetam should be approached very cautiously, and anyone considering it should consult a healthcare professional first.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"fasoracetam","name":"Fasoracetam (NS-105 / NFC-1)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 mGluR-modulating racetam","shortDescription":"Fasoracetam is a racetam studied in research settings, including for attention and anxiety-related applications, and it interacts with the glutamate and GABA systems. It is investigational, with no approval as a dietary supplement or drug in the United States, and human evidence is limited, including a trial in adolescents with ADHD linked to specific genetics. Community and research dosing is not well standardized. Because it is investigational and human safety data is limited, fasoracetam should be approached very cautiously, and anyone considering it, especially those on psychiatric medication, should consult a healthcare professional.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"dmae","name":"DMAE (Dimethylaminoethanol / Deanol)","latinName":"Dimethylethanolamine \u2014 naturally found in fish","shortDescription":"Choline analog (2-dimethylaminoethanol). Marketed as Deaner/Deanol for ADHD/learning disabilities 1960s-1970s; withdrawn by FDA 1983 after manufacturer couldn't fund efficacy proof studies. Some 1970s pediatric ADHD trials showed benefit. RCT in elderly showed NO cognitive enhancement. Modern evidence sparse; topical use in cosmetics for skin firming. Pregnancy avoid (developmental toxicity signals).","categories":["Cognitive","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pyritinol","name":"Pyritinol (Pyrithioxine / Encephabol)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 disulfide-linked pyridoxine dimer","shortDescription":"Pyritinol (also called pyrithioxine, marketed as Encephabol\u00ae) is a compound consisting of two vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) molecules linked by a disulfide bridge. Developed by Merck Laboratories in 1961, it's approved in several European countries (Austria, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, Greece) for chronically impaired brain function in dementia and craniocerebral trauma sequelae. France additionally approves pyritinol as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for rheumatoid arthritis. Trials in inpatients with senile dementia (Alzheimer type and multi-infarct) showed significant cognitive improvements at 600 mg/day. The honest framing: a European prescription drug with reasonable evidence for cognitive support in dementia syndromes and unique anti-inflammatory DMARD effects in rheumatoid arthritis; sold as a nootropic supplement in the US since the early 1990s but not FDA-approved. Approach with realistic expectations: this is a pharmaceutical-grade compound with specific therapeutic indications, not a casual nootropic.","categories":["Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"selank","name":"Selank (TP-7)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 heptapeptide derived from tuftsin","shortDescription":"Synthetic heptapeptide derived from endogenous tuftsin (immunomodulatory peptide). Developed at Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Molecular Genetics. Approved in Russia as nasal spray for generalized anxiety disorder and neurasthenia. An RCT showed anxiolytic effects comparable to medazepam (benzodiazepine) but without sedation, dependence, or withdrawal. Allosteric GABA-A modulator. Russian-language clinical evidence base.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"semax","name":"Semax (ACTH 4-7 PGP)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 heptapeptide derived from ACTH","shortDescription":"Synthetic heptapeptide containing the ACTH (4-7) fragment plus a Pro-Gly-Pro stabilizing tripeptide. Developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences. Approved in Russia for acute ischemic stroke treatment, optic nerve atrophy, and cognitive disorders. RCTs show stroke efficacy. Strong preclinical neuroprotection evidence; Russian-language clinical literature dominates.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cerebrolysin","name":"Cerebrolysin (FPF-1070)","latinName":"Porcine brain-derived peptide preparation","shortDescription":"Standardized peptide preparation derived from purified porcine brain proteins. Manufactured by Ever Neuro Pharma (Austria). Approved in 50+ countries (mostly Europe/Asia/Russia/CIS) for stroke and dementia. It is a PARENTERAL prescription drug given by IV/IM injection under medical supervision \u2014 NOT an oral dietary supplement and NOT FDA-approved. The vascular-dementia Cochrane review reported short-term cognitive improvement but rated the evidence LOW-quality and not definitive. A separate acute-ischaemic-stroke Cochrane review (Ziganshina 2023) found NO convincing benefit on death or dependency and a signal of more serious adverse events. Content here documents a foreign drug; it is not a recommendation for use.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bemethyl","name":"Bemethyl (Bemitil / Metaprot)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 benzimidazole actoprotector","shortDescription":"Synthetic benzimidazole 'actoprotector' developed in the 1970s by Vladimir Vinogradov at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy (Leningrad, USSR). Original prototype actoprotector \u2014 class definition: enhances physical and mental performance under stress without increasing oxygen consumption (distinguishing from typical stimulants). First given to Soviet cosmonauts and the USSR national athletic team for the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. Later used by Soviet/Russian armies including the Afghanistan war for soldier performance under hypoxia, hot weather, and prolonged marches. Approved for medicinal drug status in Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia; available as Antihot dietary supplement in Ukraine. WADA monitoring program 2018 \u2014 flagged for documented ergogenic effects. Not FDA-approved.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"mexidol","name":"Mexidol (Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine Succinate)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 pyridine antioxidant compound","shortDescription":"Russian antioxidant/anti-ischemic drug (EMHPS, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate), with 25+ years of clinical use. It is a prescription drug given by IV injection then orally, not FDA-approved and not a dietary supplement, and its evidence base is single-country Russian, largely sponsor-linked, and not independently replicated in the West. Multiple Russian randomized trials across acute ischemic stroke, chronic cerebral ischemia, and vascular cognitive impairment form the evidence base. Antioxidant, anxiolytic, nootropic, antihypoxic, and antidystonic mechanisms.","categories":["Cognitive","Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bromantane","name":"Bromantane (Ladasten)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 adamantane derivative actoprotector","shortDescription":"Atypical CNS stimulant and anxiolytic developed in the USSR. Adamantane family (related to amantadine, memantine). Approved in Russia for neurasthenia/asthenia (Ladasten brand). Effects can persist for about a month after discontinuation. WADA-prohibited since 1996. Genomic mechanism: upregulates tyrosine hydroxylase and AADC enzymes for sustained dopaminergic effects.","categories":["Energy","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"phenibut","name":"Phenibut (\u03b2-Phenyl-GABA / Noofen)","latinName":"\u03b2-phenyl-\u03b3-aminobutyric acid (4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid) \u2014 synthetic GABA analog","shortDescription":"GABA derivative with a phenyl group enabling blood-brain barrier penetration. Discovered in Russia in the 1960s; approved as a prescription medication in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Latvia for anxiety, insomnia, alcohol withdrawal, stuttering, and vestibular disorders (brand names Anvifen, Fenibut, Noofen). Acts as a GABA-B receptor agonist (similar to baclofen) plus \u03b12-\u03b4 calcium channel binder (similar to gabapentin/pregabalin). Documented dependence and severe protracted withdrawal syndrome with seizure risk. Multiple US states have scheduled it (Alabama Schedule II 2021; Utah Schedule I 2025); Australia Schedule 9; FDA considers supplements misbranded.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"picamilon","name":"Picamilon (N-Nicotinoyl-GABA)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 niacin-GABA conjugate","shortDescription":"Synthetic combination of niacin (vitamin B3) and GABA developed in the USSR (1969). It acts as a GABA prodrug: the niacin moiety enables blood-brain-barrier penetration, and it is cleaved in the CNS to release GABA plus niacin. Approved in Russia for anxiety, depression, and cerebrovascular disease. FDA warning letters in 2015 declared it not legal as a dietary supplement in the US (a synthetic drug, not natural). Rigorous Western RCTs are limited; most clinical literature is Russian and Japanese.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Cardiovascular","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"afobazole","name":"Afobazole (Fabomotizole)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivative","shortDescription":"Selective non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic developed at the V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology (Moscow, Russia). International nonproprietary name: fabomotizole. Synthesized in the late 1990s; clinical registration granted 2006. Manufactured by Pharmstandard (Russia); over-the-counter status. Unique pharmacology: a Sigma-1 receptor chaperone agonist as the primary mechanism, distinct from benzodiazepines (direct GABA-A modulators). Sigma-1 chaperone activity enhances GABA-A function indirectly and prevents stress-induced reductions in benzodiazepine site binding. Russian trials report little to no sedation, muscle relaxation, or dependence, though these data are largely non-independent. Not FDA-approved.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"mildronate","name":"Mildronate (Meldonium)","latinName":"Synthetic \u2014 carnitine biosynthesis inhibitor","shortDescription":"Cardioprotective synthetic drug developed in the 1970s at the Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis. A competitive inhibitor of \u03b3-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (the enzyme converting \u03b3-butyrobetaine to L-carnitine) \u2014 reduces carnitine biosynthesis, shifting cardiac energy metabolism from fatty acid to glucose oxidation (more oxygen-efficient under ischemic conditions). Approved in Latvia, Russia, and 12+ ex-Soviet countries for coronary heart disease, angina, chronic heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, post-MI rehabilitation, and PAD. WADA-prohibited since January 1, 2016 \u2014 the Maria Sharapova case is the most prominent. Not FDA- or EMA-approved.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"brainberry","name":"Brainberry\u00ae (Aronia melanocarpa Extract)","latinName":"Aronia melanocarpa Nero Eggert variety","shortDescription":"Branded Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) extract from Solabia Nutrition (BioActor BV, Netherlands), standardized to 15-18% anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-galactoside as hero compound). Clinical trials in middle-aged adults showed psychomotor speed, focus, and cognitive flexibility improvements at 90-150 mg/day; a 160 mg/day crossover study showed cognitive performance improvement and a change in regional cerebral blood flow. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside crosses the blood-brain barrier, enhancing brain perfusion. Holds a US patent for cognitive performance support.","categories":["Cognitive","Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cognigrape","name":"Cognigrape\u00ae (Vitis vinifera Grape Extract)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera (Sicilian grape variety, BioNAP)","shortDescription":"Standardized solid extract from Sicilian grape (Vitis vinifera L.) developed by Italian company BioNAP. High in anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. At 250 mg/day, RCTs showed significant MMSE improvement, reduced depression (~16%) and anxiety (~25%) scores, and RBANS total score improvement, with cognitive effects appearing within 14 days. Strong dual cognitive and neuropsychiatric profile.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"memophenol","name":"Memophenol\u2122 (Grape + Blueberry Polyphenol Extract)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera + Vaccinium angustifolium","shortDescription":"Memophenol\u2122 is a branded combination of grape (Vitis vinifera) and blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) polyphenol extracts from the French company Activ'Inside. The combination is designed to deliver synergistic absorption of polyphenols \u2014 animal studies show 3-5x higher plasma concentrations of blueberry phenolic metabolites when co-administered with grape polyphenols versus delivered alone. The honest framing: a polyphenol combination with two methodologically reasonable 6-month trials supporting cognitive benefits in older adults; effects are real but modest, with stronger evidence in populations with lower baseline cognition.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"abg10-aged-black-garlic","name":"Aged Black Garlic ABG10+\u00ae (Pharmactive)","latinName":"Allium sativum L. (controlled-temperature aged)","shortDescription":"Aged Black Garlic ABG10+\u00ae (Pharmactive, Spain) is a standardized aged black garlic extract. Aging fresh garlic at controlled temperature and humidity over 60-90 days transforms its compounds \u2014 converting allicin to more stable, bioavailable S-allyl cysteine (SAC), a key bioactive marker. Standardized to specific SAC content (\u22650.1%), ABG10+\u00ae has clinical evidence for cardiovascular benefits including blood pressure reduction, cholesterol improvement, and platelet aggregation modulation. Also shows effects on glycemic control in metabolic conditions. Compared to raw garlic, aged black garlic is odorless, lacks the GI side effects of raw garlic, and has more reproducible bioactive content. The honest framing: a well-tolerated cardiovascular adjunct with reasonable trial evidence; effects are modest but consistent, and the convenience advantage over raw garlic is significant.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Immune Support","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactium","name":"Lactium\u00ae (Alpha-Casozepine Milk Peptide)","latinName":"Bovine \u03b1s1-casein tryptic hydrolysate","shortDescription":"Branded milk-derived bioactive peptide from Ingredia Nutritional (France). A tryptic hydrolysate of bovine \u03b1s1-casein containing the \u03b1-casozepine decapeptide with benzodiazepine-like activity, discovered by observing infants' calmed state after milk feeding. Clinical studies confirm stress and sleep benefits at 150-300 mg/day. It binds the GABA-A benzodiazepine site without addiction or sedation.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"verisol","name":"VERISOL\u00ae (Bioactive Collagen Peptides \u2014 Gelita)","latinName":"Bovine-derived specific collagen peptides (SCPs)","shortDescription":"VERISOL\u00ae is a branded bioactive collagen peptide product from Gelita (Germany), specifically formulated for skin health. The peptides are produced through enzymatic hydrolysis to optimize specific molecular weights that stimulate fibroblast activity in the skin. Trials at 2.5-5 g/day show significant improvements in skin elasticity, eye-wrinkle volume reduction, and dermal collagen density compared to placebo. Effects are modest but reproducible. The mechanism isn't 'eating collagen makes more collagen' \u2014 it's peptide signaling that stimulates fibroblasts to produce more endogenous collagen and hyaluronic acid. There is also evidence for nail health (reduced brittleness) and cellulite appearance reduction in women. The honest framing: a well-studied branded collagen with reasonable skin evidence over months of use; for muscle building, whey protein is dramatically more effective.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"apresflex-aflapin","name":"Apr\u00e8sFlex\u00ae / Aflapin\u00ae (Boswellia AKBA \u2014 Laila Nutraceuticals)","latinName":"Boswellia serrata Roxb. (Indian Frankincense)","shortDescription":"Apr\u00e8sFlex\u00ae (also marketed as Aflapin\u00ae) is a branded Boswellia serrata extract from Laila Nutraceuticals (India), standardized to high AKBA (3-O-acetyl-11-keto-\u03b2-boswellic acid) content. AKBA is the most potent anti-inflammatory boswellic acid, selectively inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) \u2014 a different pathway from NSAIDs (which inhibit COX). Clinical trials show meaningful improvements in osteoarthritis pain and function within 5 days of starting supplementation \u2014 a fast onset compared to other natural joint products. Also has evidence for inflammatory bowel disease support and broader anti-inflammatory applications. The honest framing: a high-AKBA Boswellia with rapid onset (days, not weeks) and good clinical evidence for joint applications; cost premium over generic Boswellia extracts is justified by the standardization advantage.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"enzogenol","name":"Enzogenol\u00ae (Pinus radiata Bark Extract)","latinName":"Pinus radiata D. Don (New Zealand monterey pine)","shortDescription":"Enzogenol\u00ae is a branded New Zealand pine bark extract (Pinus radiata) made by ENZO Nutraceuticals via water-only extraction (no chemical solvents). Compositionally similar to Pycnogenol\u00ae (Pinus pinaster) \u2014 both proanthocyanidin-rich pine bark extracts \u2014 but distinct source species, manufacturing process, and clinical trial portfolio. Standardized to >80% proanthocyanidins plus 1-2% taxifolin (a flavonoid uncommon in other pine bark extracts). Best evidence: cognitive function in healthy older adults and mild TBI cognitive recovery. A 2020 Cochrane review concluded the pine bark extract evidence base across all products is small with no condition having sufficient evidence to establish efficacy.","categories":["Cognitive","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"oligonol","name":"Oligonol\u00ae (Lychee + Green Tea Polyphenol \u2014 Amino Up)","latinName":"Litchi chinensis + Camellia sinensis (85%/15% blend)","shortDescription":"Oligonol\u00ae is a branded low-molecular-weight polyphenol product from Amino Up (Japan), combining 85% lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis) and 15% green tea (Camellia sinensis). The distinguishing feature is a proprietary process that depolymerizes high-molecular-weight lychee polyphenols (poorly absorbed) into low-molecular-weight oligomers (much better absorbed). A randomized trial at 200 mg/day showed roughly 15% visceral fat reduction, 6% subcutaneous fat reduction, ~3 cm waist reduction, and adiponectin elevation with improved insulin resistance. That trial was small (n=18) and not PubMed-indexed, so those figures should be viewed cautiously. Additional small trials show cortisol and inflammatory cytokine reduction, peripheral circulation improvements, and skin health effects. Honest framing: an interesting polyphenol with promising small-trial data across multiple cardiometabolic markers, but the evidence base is dominated by small Japanese trials with industry collaboration \u2014 broader population validation remains limited.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cocoavia","name":"CocoaVia\u00ae (Mars Edge Cocoa Flavanol Extract)","latinName":"Theobroma cacao L.","shortDescription":"CocoaVia\u00ae is a branded cocoa flavanol extract from Mars Edge, standardized to high cocoa flavanol (CF) content per serving. It's one of the most-studied cocoa flavanol products globally, with extensive clinical evidence for cardiovascular benefits including improved endothelial function, blood pressure reduction, and supportive effects on cognitive function in older adults. In the large COSMOS trial, cocoa flavanols (500 mg/day) did NOT significantly reduce the primary composite cardiovascular endpoint, though a secondary analysis showed a 27% reduction in cardiovascular deaths over about 3.6 years. The honest framing: backed by large, rigorous clinical trials, though the flagship cardiovascular result was a secondary endpoint; particularly relevant for older adults at cardiovascular risk who want evidence-based prevention support. Cost is moderate but justified given the trial-grade evidence and Mars's quality standardization.","categories":["Cognitive","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"veri-te-resveratrol","name":"Veri-te\u2122 Resveratrol (Evolva)","latinName":"trans-Resveratrol (yeast-fermented, pharmaceutical-grade)","shortDescription":"Branded yeast-fermented pharmaceutical-grade trans-resveratrol from Evolva (Switzerland). Distinguishing feature: produced via fermentation rather than extracted from Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) \u2014 yields >98% purity with no emodin contamination (the laxative anthraquinone present in knotweed). In long-running trials in postmenopausal women at 75 mg twice daily (150 mg/day), it improved cognitive performance and cerebrovascular responsiveness; bone density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck; and pain perception, menopausal symptoms, and quality of life. Bone mineral density improvements have also been seen in obese men taking generic (non-Veri-te) resveratrol.","categories":["Longevity","Cardiovascular","Bone Health","Cognitive","Women's Health","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"gopo-rosehip","name":"GOPO\u00ae Rosehip (Hyben Vital \u2014 Rosa canina)","latinName":"Rosa canina L. (specific subspecies)","shortDescription":"GOPO\u00ae Rosehip is a branded standardized rosehip powder from Hyben Vital (Denmark), made from specific Rosa canina seeds and shells. The active compound is GOPO \u2014 a galactolipid with anti-inflammatory effects. Pooled randomized trials in hip or knee osteoarthritis show significant pain relief at 5 g/day \u2014 patients were about twice as likely to experience pain relief versus placebo, and used fewer rescue analgesics. The effect is modest but consistent across trials. A distinguishing safety advantage: anti-inflammatory effects without affecting platelet aggregation or coagulation \u2014 useful for people who need to reduce NSAID use due to cardiovascular or GI concerns. The honest framing: real but modest joint pain relief over weeks, best as an adjunct to standard OA care rather than a replacement.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"xanthigen","name":"Xanthigen\u00ae (Fucoxanthin + Pomegranate Seed Oil)","latinName":"Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) + Punica granatum","shortDescription":"Branded patented blend from Nektium of wakame brown seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) extract containing fucoxanthin plus pomegranate seed oil. A pivotal 16-week RCT in obese premenopausal women (some with NAFLD, some with normal liver fat) used 600 mg/day Xanthigen\u00ae (300 mg pomegranate seed oil + 300 mg brown seaweed extract with 2.4 mg fucoxanthin). It found significant body weight, body fat, and liver fat reductions; resting energy expenditure increased ~400 kcal/day; and ALT/AST/GGT reductions in the NAFLD subgroup. The 400 kcal/day REE increase via UCP1-mediated thermogenesis is genuinely distinctive among weight-management supplements. Honest caveat: only one published human weight-management trial of this magnitude exists, and independent replication remains limited.","categories":["Weight Management","Liver Health","Metabolic Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"glavonoid","name":"Glavonoid\u00ae / Kaneka Glavonoid\u2122 (Licorice Flavonoid Oil)","latinName":"Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (ethanol extract in MCT oil)","shortDescription":"Branded licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) from Kaneka Corporation (Japan). Composition: 30% licorice ethanolic extract dissolved in medium-chain triglyceride oil (C8:C10 = 99:1), standardized to 3% glabridin (major flavonoid bioactive). Critical distinguishing feature: Glavonoid is the flavonoid fraction of licorice, not the glycyrrhizin fraction \u2014 excludes glycyrrhizin, allowing chronic safe use without the pseudoaldosteronism risk (hypokalemia, hypertension, edema) of crude licorice. A dose-finding RCT in overweight adults at 300/600/900 mg/day showed dose-dependent body fat reductions: 9.35 cm\u00b3 visceral fat reduction, 0.25 kg/m\u00b2 BMI decrease, and 11 mg/dL LDL-cholesterol reduction at 900 mg. Non-PubMed-indexed manufacturer reports (not in this record's references) also describe elderly muscle-mass changes; these are not independently indexed or replicated and should be treated as preliminary rather than established.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"naticol-fish-collagen","name":"Naticol\u00ae (Marine Fish Collagen Peptides \u2014 Weishardt)","latinName":"Hydrolyzed type I marine collagen peptides","shortDescription":"Naticol\u00ae is a marine fish collagen peptide product from Weishardt (France) \u2014 hydrolyzed Type I collagen from sustainably-sourced fish skin. Brand-specific Naticol\u00ae evidence comes mainly from small trials in a non-indexed journal (skin and sarcopenia); joint and bone claims rest largely on marine-collagen class data rather than robust Naticol\u00ae trials. The marine source provides Type I collagen (the predominant collagen in skin and bone) with bioactive peptide molecular weights optimized for absorption and fibroblast signaling. Trials at 5-10 g/day for 8-12 weeks show skin elasticity, hydration, and wrinkle depth improvements similar to other quality collagen peptide products. Marine collagen has theoretical advantages: lower allergenicity risk than bovine, no concerns about animal disease transmission, and sustainable sourcing. The honest framing: a quality marine collagen peptide product with reasonable clinical evidence; comparable to VERISOL\u00ae for skin applications, with some additional joint and bone evidence at higher doses.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"theracurmin","name":"Theracurmin\u00ae (Colloidal Nanoparticle Curcumin \u2014 Theravalues)","latinName":"Curcuma longa L. (curcumin nanoparticle dispersion)","shortDescription":"Theracurmin\u00ae is a colloidal nanoparticle curcumin from Theravalues (Japan) \u2014 one of the better-evidenced enhanced-absorption curcumin formulations. Through colloidal nanoparticle technology, Theracurmin\u00ae achieves approximately 27 times higher bioavailability than standard curcumin powder, allowing meaningful clinical effects at much lower doses. Clinical trials show benefits across joint pain (osteoarthritis), exercise-induced muscle damage recovery, cardiovascular endothelial function, and cognitive function in older adults. The enhanced absorption matters because standard curcumin is notoriously poorly absorbed \u2014 most of the marketing dose passes through the gut unabsorbed. The honest framing: an evidence-supported high-bioavailability curcumin form with consistent clinical effects at 30-180 mg/day; the cost premium over basic curcumin is justified for those wanting reliable effects, but Meriva\u00ae phytosome curcumin offers similar benefits and may be more cost-effective.","categories":["Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory","Liver Health","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"mythocondro","name":"Mythocondro\u00ae (Non-Animal Chondroitin Sulfate \u2014 Gnosis by Lesaffre)","latinName":"Microbial fermentation-derived chondroitin sulfate","shortDescription":"Mythocondro\u00ae is a non-animal chondroitin sulfate from Gnosis by Lesaffre (Italy/France) \u2014 produced via fermentation-based biotransformation of E. coli O5:K4:H4 strain U1-41 (ATCC23502) capsular polysaccharide, then chemically sulfated to yield a fish-like (ichthyic-pattern) chondroitin sulfate compatible with vegetarian, vegan, kosher, and halal formulations. A single 12-week pilot RCT in 60 overweight knee OA subjects (Rondanelli 2019) reported benefits at 600 mg/day \u2014 a lower dose than typical animal-derived chondroitin (800-1,200 mg), though this needs replication. It also holds EU novel-food authorization (a regulatory/compliance status, not a health benefit).","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"kaempferia-parviflora","name":"Black Ginger (Kaempferia parviflora / Krachaidum / Thai Ginseng)","latinName":"Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker (Zingiberaceae)","shortDescription":"Kaempferia parviflora (also called Black Ginger, Krachaidum, or Thai Ginseng) is a traditional Thai medicinal plant with growing clinical evidence for athletic performance, cardiovascular health, and erectile function. The active compounds are methoxyflavones \u2014 polymethoxyflavones unique to this plant that inhibit phosphodiesterase-5 (the same enzyme target as sildenafil), activate AMPK, and have anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical trials show improvements in exercise capacity, fat oxidation, grip strength in older adults, and modest improvements in erectile function. Also being investigated for cognitive support and metabolic health. The honest framing: an evidence-supported botanical with multiple plausible mechanisms; effects on exercise performance and erectile function are modest but real, and the safety profile is good for an emerging botanical with several decades of traditional use.","categories":["Libido Support","Athletic Performance","Men's Health","Testosterone","Weight Management","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"honokiol","name":"Honokiol (Magnolia officinalis Bark)","latinName":"Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H. Wilson (Hou Po)","shortDescription":"Honokiol is a bi-phenolic natural compound from the bark and seed cones of Magnolia officinalis \u2014 used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for over two millennia under the name 'hou po' to regulate Qi. It's a positional isomer of magnolol, with both compounds typically present together in magnolia bark extracts. Mechanistically, honokiol acts as a positive allosteric modulator of GABA-A receptors at both synaptic and extra-synaptic sites \u2014 a distinct binding mechanism from benzodiazepines. Clinical evidence supports anxiety reduction and improved sleep quality, primarily from trials using Relora\u00ae (a magnolia + phellodendron combination product) rather than purified honokiol. Strong preclinical anti-cancer evidence exists across multiple tumor types, but human cancer trials are notably absent \u2014 an important honest counter to enthusiastic marketing claims. The honest framing: a credible GABAergic anxiolytic and sleep aid backed by small but reasonable clinical trials; the anti-cancer claims are mechanistically interesting but unsupported by human evidence. Mouse kidney toxicology data warrants caution at higher doses or extended use.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"eurycomanone","name":"Eurycomanone (Tongkat Ali Quassinoid)","latinName":"Eurycoma longifolia Jack \u2014 bioactive quassinoid","shortDescription":"Eurycomanone is the primary bioactive quassinoid in Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) \u2014 a Southeast Asian root used traditionally for male vitality and now backed by modern clinical research. Standardized extracts like Physta\u00ae (0.8-1.5% eurycomanone) and LJ100\u00ae have evidence for raising testosterone in men with low or borderline-low levels, particularly older men with age-related decline and those with documented hypogonadism. A 2022 meta-analysis confirmed significant testosterone increases. Also has effects on erectile function (especially combined with exercise), cortisol reduction in stressed adults, and aromatase inhibition. The honest framing: real effects in men with documented low testosterone; smaller and less consistent effects in healthy young men with normal levels.","categories":["Testosterone","Men's Health","Libido Support","Athletic Performance","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"glabridin","name":"Glabridin (Licorice Isoflavone)","latinName":"Glycyrrhiza glabra L. \u2014 isolated isoflavonoid","shortDescription":"Glabridin is an isoflavonoid specific to Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice root), distinct from glycyrrhizin (the licorice compound that causes pseudoaldosteronism at high doses). Its human evidence comes mostly from licorice extracts and licorice flavonoid oil rather than pure glabridin: a 6-month trial of a glycyrrhizin-free licorice-root extract providing about 60 mg/day of glabridin reduced plasma LDL oxidation by roughly 20%, and licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) reduced body fat in moderately overweight adults, mainly at higher doses (a second LFO trial was null). Glucose-metabolism effects are so far only preclinical (animal). A key limitation is low oral bioavailability (~7.5%), so oil-emulsion delivery such as Glavonoid\u00ae is preferred for systemic effects. Overall: a promising multi-target compound whose oral human evidence is limited and largely based on glabridin-containing extracts and oils rather than the isolated compound.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"catuaba","name":"Catuaba (Trichilia catigua)","latinName":"Trichilia catigua A. Juss. (Meliaceae)","shortDescription":"Bark extract of Trichilia catigua (Meliaceae family) \u2014 a Brazilian Amazon medicinal tree. Critical species note: 'catuaba' is a common name applied to multiple unrelated plant species; T. catigua (Big Catuaba) is the primary medicinal species, but adulterations with Erythroxylum catuaba, Anemopaegma arvense, and Heteropterys tomentosa are common. Sourcing verification matters. Traditional Brazilian use for fatigue, depression, anxiety, male sexual dysfunction, and memory deficits. Preclinical work has established a dopamine-mediated antidepressant-like mechanism, but human clinical trials remain limited \u2014 most evidence is preclinical or traditional.","categories":["Mood & Mental Health","Libido Support","Cognitive","Energy","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lumbrokinase","name":"Lumbrokinase (Earthworm Fibrinolytic Enzyme)","latinName":"Lumbricus rubellus (earthworm) \u2014 six fibrinolytic serine proteases","shortDescription":"A group of six fibrinolytic serine-protease enzymes extracted from the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries as 'di long' (earth dragon) for circulatory conditions. Meta-analysis reports improved neurological function and reduced thrombosis markers in acute ischemic stroke alongside supportive care, and multicenter RCT evidence supports secondary stroke prevention. Distinguished from nattokinase by being highly fibrin-specific. Most evidence is from Chinese trials with small samples and methodological limitations, with no head-to-head trials vs alteplase or warfarin/DOACs.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bifidobacterium-longum-1714","name":"Bifidobacterium longum 1714 (Zenflore\u2122 / 1714-Serenitas\u2122)","latinName":"Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 1714 strain","shortDescription":"Bifidobacterium longum 1714 is a specific 'psychobiotic' strain commercialized as Zenflore\u2122 and 1714-Serenitas\u2122 by Precision Biotics. It's one of the better-studied probiotic strains for stress and mood applications in healthy adults \u2014 though clinical effect sizes are modest. Trials show reductions in subjective stress, improvements in measures of cognition under stress, and changes in EEG and neuroendocrine markers consistent with gut-brain axis modulation. Different from the L. helveticus R0052 + B. longum R0175 combination \u2014 this is a single B. longum strain with its own evidence base. The honest framing: solid mechanistic and biomarker evidence for gut-brain effects, with smaller but consistent subjective effects; reasonable choice for adults wanting probiotic stress support with strain-specific evidence rather than generic 'mood probiotics'.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Gut Health","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bacillus-clausii","name":"Bacillus clausii (Enterogermina\u00ae / Erceflora)","latinName":"Bacillus clausii \u2014 strains O/C, N/R, SIN, T","shortDescription":"Bacillus clausii is a spore-forming probiotic commercialized as Enterogermina\u00ae (Sanofi/Italy) and Erceflora\u00ae in some markets. The spore form is heat-stable and survives stomach acid intact \u2014 a distinguishing advantage over lactic acid bacteria probiotics. Clinical evidence is best for acute diarrhea in children (supported by a meta-analysis) and for reducing antibiotic side effects during H. pylori eradication therapy; other uses are less established. The product has been marketed in Europe and emerging markets for decades, with broad regulatory acceptance. The honest framing: a robust spore-forming probiotic with reasonable evidence for specific acute and antibiotic-related GI conditions; less established for chronic gut conditions like IBS. Particularly useful in settings where refrigeration of probiotics is impractical due to its heat-stable spore form.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ecoli-nissle-1917","name":"Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor\u00ae)","latinName":"Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (serotype O6:K5:H1)","shortDescription":"Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (commercialized as Mutaflor\u00ae) is a non-pathogenic strain of E. coli isolated in 1917 by Alfred Nissle from a soldier who didn't develop dysentery during a typhus outbreak. Unlike pathogenic E. coli, Nissle 1917 supports gut health through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and pathogen displacement. The strongest clinical evidence is for ulcerative colitis maintenance \u2014 comparable to mesalamine (a standard pharmaceutical) in preventing UC relapse. Also has evidence for chronic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and infant infectious diarrhea. The honest framing: one of the best-evidenced probiotics for ulcerative colitis specifically, with comparator-grade clinical trials against standard medications. Less validated for healthy adult use; primarily indicated in established UC or other chronic GI conditions.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bifidobacterium-infantis-35624","name":"Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 (Align\u00ae / Bifantis\u00ae / Meta Align\u00ae)","latinName":"Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis 35624 (recently reclassified as B. longum 35624)","shortDescription":"A specific Bifidobacterium strain commercialized by Procter & Gamble as Align (US), Meta Align (Australia), and Bifantis. Recently reclassified taxonomically as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 35624. In the pivotal multicenter dose-ranging RCT in IBS, only the 100 million CFU/day dose showed significant benefit; 1 million and 10 billion CFU/day showed no benefit, defining a narrow dose-specific therapeutic window. Note: the commercial Align dose (1 billion CFU/day) is 10x the trial-effective dose.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactobacillus-reuteri-dsm-17938","name":"Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (BioGaia Protectis\u00ae)","latinName":"Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (formerly Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938)","shortDescription":"Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 is a specific probiotic strain marketed as BioGaia Protectis\u00ae \u2014 one of the most clinically studied strains for infant and pediatric gastrointestinal conditions. It has the strongest evidence base for reducing infant colic crying time in breastfed infants, with multiple randomized trials and meta-analyses showing roughly 50% reductions in daily crying. Also has evidence for functional abdominal pain in children, antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention, and Helicobacter pylori adjunct support. In adults, evidence extends to constipation and certain GI conditions but is less robust than the pediatric data. The honest framing: this is one of the better-evidenced probiotic strains for specific pediatric indications \u2014 particularly breastfed infant colic \u2014 and a reasonable choice for adult digestive support, though the adult evidence is more variable.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactobacillus-helveticus-r0052-bifidobacterium-longum-r0175","name":"Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 + Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (Probio'Stick\u00ae / Cerebiome\u00ae)","latinName":"Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 + Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum R0175 (combined formulation)","shortDescription":"A branded two-strain probiotic combination from Lallemand Health Solutions, marketed as Probio'Stick and Cerebiome. The strain pair is L. helveticus R0052 + B. longum R0175. In healthy volunteers, daily supplementation reduced anxiety-like distress on multiple psychological scales and decreased 24-hour urinary cortisol, giving endocrine evidence beyond self-report. This is one of the better-evidenced 'psychobiotic' formulations for stress and mild anxiety in healthy adults. Honest counter-evidence: a separate trial in clinical depression found no significant effect, suggesting the formulation works best for stress and subclinical anxiety, not as a depression treatment. Newer trials including fMRI brain-imaging studies have continued to support stress-modulating effects.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health","Cognitive","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactobacillus-paracasei","name":"Lactobacillus paracasei (Multi-Strain Specialist)","latinName":"Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (formerly Lactobacillus paracasei) \u2014 multiple strains","shortDescription":"A probiotic species (recently reclassified taxonomically as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei) with multiple strain-specific clinical applications \u2014 strain selection is essential because different strains have distinct evidence bases. Key strains: L. casei 431\u00ae (Chr. Hansen) for respiratory symptoms; KW3110 (Kirin) for pollen allergy; NCC2461 (Nestl\u00e9) for allergic rhinitis; GM-080 (Genmont) for pediatric allergic rhinitis; IJH-SONE68 (plant-derived) for chronic allergy. A large RCT of L. casei 431\u00ae reduced upper respiratory symptom duration but had no effect on influenza vaccine antibody titers. Generic 'L. paracasei' supplements should not be assumed equivalent to evidence-based strains.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"tributyrin","name":"Tributyrin (CoreBiome\u00ae Butyrate Prodrug)","latinName":"Tributyrin (glycerol tributyrate, glyceryl tributyrate)","shortDescription":"Tributyrin is a triglyceride of three butyrate molecules on a glycerol backbone \u2014 a butyrate prodrug that resists gastric acid and is hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase to release butyrate further down the GI tract. The pharmacokinetic point: free butyrate (sodium butyrate) is absorbed in the upper GI before reaching the colon, while tributyrin delivers roughly 50-60% of its butyrate to the colon. Commercialized as CoreBiome\u00ae by Compound Solutions. Most evidence is in vitro (SHIME\u00ae model); the only registered human RCT was terminated due to loss of funding.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"streptococcus-thermophilus","name":"Streptococcus thermophilus (Specific Strains)","latinName":"Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus \u2014 multiple strains","shortDescription":"Streptococcus thermophilus is a lactic acid bacterium and major yogurt starter culture with multi-mechanism gut health activity. Despite the 'Streptococcus' name, it diverged from pathogenic Streptococcus species roughly 3,000 years ago and carries GRAS status with the FDA and QPS recognition from EFSA. Specific strains with consumer evidence include ST81 (3 billion CFU formulations) and ST36 (clinical trial completed). One distinguishing feature is \u03b2-galactosidase production \u2014 the enzyme that digests lactose \u2014 making it uniquely useful for lactose intolerance. In combination with B. lactis in hospitalized children, it prevents antibiotic-associated diarrhea in roughly half of cases. Also produces folic acid (rare among probiotics) and exopolysaccharides that support gut barrier function. The honest framing: best for lactose digestion and antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention; effects on broader gut symptoms are less validated.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"faecalibacterium-prausnitzii","name":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Next-Generation Probiotic)","latinName":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Firmicutes phylum)","shortDescription":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a 'next-generation' probiotic \u2014 one of the most abundant beneficial bacteria in healthy human gut, identified as a key butyrate producer whose decline correlates with inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic conditions, and aging. Unlike traditional Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotics, F. prausnitzii is an obligate anaerobe and was historically very difficult to formulate as a supplement. Recent advances in formulation technology have enabled clinical investigation; early trials in IBD and metabolic conditions are promising but still emerging. The honest framing: a scientifically interesting strain with strong mechanistic rationale and biomarker evidence, but commercial products and clinical evidence are still early-stage. Expect significant evolution in this space over the next 3-5 years \u2014 currently best for those interested in cutting-edge microbiome science rather than established clinical applications.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"clostridium-butyricum-miyairi-588","name":"Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588 / MIYA-BM\u00ae / Butirrisan\u00ae)","latinName":"Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain (CBM588)","shortDescription":"Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) is a butyrate-producing probiotic strain marketed as MIYA-BM\u00ae and Butirex C4 (Japan). Despite the 'Clostridium' name suggesting pathogen (C. difficile), C. butyricum MIYAIRI 588 is a non-pathogenic butyric acid-producing strain with decades of use in Japan and growing global research interest. Distinguishing mechanism: produces butyrate directly in the gut \u2014 a short-chain fatty acid essential for colon health, gut barrier function, and reduced inflammation. Clinical evidence supports use in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and emerging evidence in immune-related conditions. Also being studied as an adjunct to cancer immunotherapy (checkpoint inhibitors). The honest framing: a well-tolerated butyrate-producing probiotic with strong mechanistic rationale and growing clinical evidence; particularly interesting as a postbiotic-by-proxy approach (the strain produces the active metabolite directly).","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"lactobacillus-fermentum-cect5716","name":"Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (Lc40 / Hereditum\u00ae)","latinName":"Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (formerly Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716)","shortDescription":"Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (commercialized as Lc40 and Hereditum\u00ae) is a probiotic strain originally isolated from human breast milk. Its primary indication is the prevention and management of infectious mastitis in breastfeeding women \u2014 one of the best-evidenced single-strain probiotics for this specific application. Multiple randomized trials show meaningful reductions in mastitis recurrence and breast pain when taken daily during lactation. Also has evidence for infant immune support and reduced gastrointestinal infections in formula-fed infants. The honest framing: a highly specific use case \u2014 breastfeeding mastitis prevention and management \u2014 where the evidence is strong and clinically meaningful. Less established for general adult or pediatric use beyond this specific indication.","categories":["Women's Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactobacillus-salivarius","name":"Lactobacillus salivarius (Multi-Strain)","latinName":"Ligilactobacillus salivarius (formerly Lactobacillus salivarius) \u2014 multiple strains","shortDescription":"Probiotic species (recently reclassified as Ligilactobacillus salivarius) with multiple strain-specific clinical applications: WB21 (oral health, caries reduction), CP3365 (heat-killed periodontal health), UCC118 (gut barrier, fermented milk), CECT5713 (immune support), Ls-33 (obesity/gut barrier), LS01/DSM 22775 (atopic dermatitis), LI01 (intestinal inflammation), PS2 (metabolic health). Strain specificity essential \u2014 generic L. salivarius supplements may not deliver evidence-based clinical effects. WB21 at 2.0\u00d710\u2079 CFU/day decreased mutans streptococci; heat-killed CP3365 inhibited increases in plaque control record, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth; UCC118 in fermented milk increased fecal enterococci and lactobacilli in healthy adults.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bacillus-licheniformis","name":"Bacillus licheniformis (Standalone Probiotic)","latinName":"Bacillus licheniformis \u2014 strains CMCC63516 (Zhengchangsheng), SL-307","shortDescription":"Spore-forming Bacillus probiotic with bacitracin antibiotic production. Key strains: CMCC63516 (Zhengchangsheng, NorthEast Pharm \u2014 Chinese clinical use); SL-307 (component of multi-strain spore probiotic blends). Spore form is heat/acid/bile resistant \u2014 survives stomach acid and reaches the small intestine without enteric coating. Studied for pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention, with the finding that baseline gut microbiome structure affects how much protection the probiotic provides. Also studied as an adjunct to vancomycin to help preserve gut microbiota, with a broader evidence base for microbiota modulation and GI applications.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactobacillus-johnsonii-la1","name":"Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 (NCC533 / CNCM I-1225)","latinName":"Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 = NCC533 = CNCM I-1225 (Nestl\u00e9 strain)","shortDescription":"Specific Nestl\u00e9 probiotic strain (NCC533 / CNCM I-1225 / La1) with H. pylori suppression evidence \u2014 distinguishing among Lactobacillus species via lactacin F bacteriocin production. Originally classified as Lactobacillus acidophilus group A3, later reorganized to L. johnsonii. A whey-based culture supernatant of La1 demonstrated a partial, acid-independent, long-term suppressive effect on H. pylori in humans, and frequent ingestion suppresses H. pylori colonization in asymptomatic volunteers; mouse models show attenuated H. pylori-associated gastritis and reduced proinflammatory chemokines. CNCM I-1225 is patented (Nestl\u00e9) for stomach ulcer treatment via an acidified milk product / yogurt format. The effect is suppressive, not eradicative \u2014 an adjunct to standard therapy.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"enterococcus-faecium-sf68","name":"Enterococcus faecium SF68\u00ae (Bioflorin / Cernivet)","latinName":"Enterococcus faecium strain SF68","shortDescription":"A licensed pharmaceutical probiotic in Austria, Italy, and Switzerland for acute infectious enteritis treatment, traveler's diarrhea, and AAD prevention/treatment. Brand: Bioflorin (Cerbios-Pharma). Evidence includes a large acute diarrhea treatment RCT (median time to resolution 3 vs 4 days) and a large AAD prevention RCT (8.6% vs 16.2% AAD development, ~47% absolute risk reduction). Joins B. clausii (Enterogermina), EcN (Mutaflor), and CBM588 (MIYA-BM) in the licensed-pharmaceutical probiotic category.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactoperoxidase","name":"Lactoperoxidase (LPO Salivary Enzyme System)","latinName":"Lactoperoxidase (LPO) \u2014 bovine + human salivary enzyme","shortDescription":"A salivary peroxidase enzyme: a heme glycopeptide of approximate mass ~78,000 Da (bovine) / ~80,000 Da (human) with a calcium-binding site (Asp227) and an autocatalytic heme B center. It oxidizes salivary thiocyanate (SCN-) in the presence of H2O2 to hypothiocyanite, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial. Human trials of high-dose lactoferrin + LPO tablets and of toothpaste using a three-enzyme system (amyloglucosidase + glucose oxidase + LPO) plus lactoferrin and lysozyme support gingivitis prevention, and a systematic review supports this use. Bovine LPO is structurally and functionally similar to human salivary LPO.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lysozyme","name":"Lysozyme (Salivary Antimicrobial Enzyme)","latinName":"Lysozyme (muramidase) \u2014 salivary glycoside hydrolase EC 3.2.1.17","shortDescription":"Salivary muramidase that hydrolyzes the N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine peptidoglycan linkages of gram-positive bacterial cell walls. Studied mainly in oral-care formulations such as toothpastes and lozenges for plaque control, gingival inflammation, and extrinsic tooth-stain removal, often alongside lactoferrin and the lactoperoxidase system. Evidence is largely from small dental trials.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lactobacillus-rhamnosus-gr1-reuteri-rc14","name":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 + L. reuteri RC-14 (Femdophilus / Jarro-Dophilus EPS)","latinName":"Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 + Limosilactobacillus reuteri RC-14 (recently reclassified)","shortDescription":"Specific strain pair developed by the Reid and Bruce laboratories at the University of Western Ontario, commercialized as Femdophilus and Jarro-Dophilus EPS by Jarrow Formulas using strains supplied by Chr Hansen (Denmark). Reclassification context: the original trial used L. fermentum RC-14, since reclassified to L. reuteri RC-14 (and broader genus reclassification: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus + Limosilactobacillus reuteri). The pivotal trials support a BV cure adjunct to metronidazole and restoration of normal lactobacilli in healthy women. Honest counter-evidence: an HIV-women 6-month trial and a Chinese cohort were negative on primary outcomes, so efficacy may be population-dependent.","categories":["Women's Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"glucoamylase","name":"Glucoamylase (Amyloglucosidase / \u03b3-Amylase)","latinName":"Glucoamylase EC 3.2.1.3 \u2014 also known as amyloglucosidase + \u03b3-amylase. Aspergillus niger source","shortDescription":"Digestive enzyme (EC 3.2.1.3, also known as amyloglucosidase or gamma-amylase) that hydrolyzes alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages in starch \u2014 releases glucose. Distinguishing from alpha-amylase, which cleaves only alpha-1,4. Aspergillus niger and A. clavatus fungal sources (vegan-compatible). In a sucrase-deficient shrew model of CSID, oral recombinant glucoamylase increased blood glucose and starch digestion. Cross-application: amyloglucosidase is a key component of the LPO three-enzyme oral hygiene system. Honest framing: industrial and animal feed studies are extensive; human clinical research as a standalone supplement remains limited.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"hemicellulase","name":"Hemicellulase (Plant Fiber Digestive Enzyme)","latinName":"Hemicellulase enzyme group \u2014 multiple specificities targeting plant hemicelluloses","shortDescription":"Hemicellulase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down hemicellulose, a type of fiber found in plant cell walls. Because humans do not produce it, hemicellulase is added to digestive-enzyme blends to help break down fibrous plant foods, potentially easing gas and bloating from high-fiber and vegetable-rich meals and helping release nutrients. It is taken with meals, especially fibrous, plant-heavy ones, as part of an enzyme formula rather than alone. Hemicellulase is generally well tolerated; as with any enzyme product, those with enzyme allergies or digestive conditions should check with a doctor before use.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"tremella-fuciformis","name":"Tremella fuciformis (Snow Mushroom / Silver Ear Fungus)","latinName":"Tremella fuciformis \u2014 Tremellaceae jelly fungus","shortDescription":"Jelly fungus commonly called snow mushroom, silver ear fungus, or white jelly fungus (Tremellaceae family). Cultivated in China for over 2,000 years for both culinary use (sweet soups, tonics) and beauty applications. The translucent ruffled white structure reflects high polysaccharide content with remarkable water-retention. Polysaccharides (1,3-mannose backbone with xylose and glucuronic acid side chains) hold up to 500x their weight in water \u2014 comparable to hyaluronic acid but with smaller molecular size enabling greater stratum corneum penetration. A clinical study reported 15% more effective hydration than hyaluronic acid; a topical hydration trial showed significantly improved skin moisture vs placebo. A cutaneous benefits review honestly notes most studies remain in vitro or animal \u2014 comprehensive human clinical research is limited.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"agaricus-blazei-murill","name":"Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM / Himematsutake / Royal Sun Mushroom)","latinName":"Agaricus subrufescens (formerly A. blazei Murill) \u2014 Himematsutake (Japanese)","shortDescription":"Brazilian and Eastern medicinal mushroom, Japanese name 'Himematsutake' (princess matsutake). Recently reclassified taxonomically as Agaricus subrufescens. Documented in scientific studies since the 1980s for antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic effects. Studied in multiple myeloma patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, and in a non-small-cell lung cancer perioperative pilot that showed preserved T cells and B cells and reduced monocytes. Also studied for cytokine modulation in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's. The pattern is context-dependent immunomodulation: pro-inflammatory in vitro versus immunosuppressive in vivo with oral intake.","categories":["Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pleurotus-ostreatus","name":"Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom)","latinName":"Pleurotus ostreatus \u2014 Pleurotaceae edible mushroom","shortDescription":"Edible oyster mushroom containing naturally occurring mevinolin (lovastatin), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Distinguishing pharmacology: an edible mushroom with a naturally occurring statin. A systematic review of clinical trials reports beneficial effects on glucose metabolism (fasting and 2h postprandial reductions), lipids (total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides), and some blood pressure reductions. Honest framing: most studies have high or unclear risk of bias, so evidence quality is rated low. Body weight did not change. The beta-(1,3;1,6) side-chain branched beta-glucans are distinct from oat/barley linear beta-glucans.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"phellinus-linteus","name":"Phellinus linteus (Meshimakobu / Sanghuang)","latinName":"Phellinus linteus (Berk. et Curt.) Aoshima \u2014 Hymenochaetaceae basidiomycete","shortDescription":"A yellow/orange perennial fungus selectively parasitic on mulberry trees (Morus). A Hymenochaetaceae basidiomycete. Japanese name 'meshimakobu', Korean name 'sanghuang'. Used in traditional Oriental medicine across Japan, China, and Korea for over 40 years. Memorial Sloan Kettering notes limited human data; a pemphigus-worsening case report is a significant autoimmune contraindication.","categories":["Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"poria-cocos","name":"Poria cocos / Wolfiporia cocos (Fu Ling / Hoelen / Tuckahoe)","latinName":"Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. (formerly Poria cocos) \u2014 Polyporaceae","shortDescription":"A foundational TCM medicinal mushroom recorded in Shennong Bencao Jing over 2,000 years ago. Multi-name: Fu Ling (Chinese), Hoelen (Japanese), Tuckahoe, China-root, Matsuhodo. The medicinal part is the subterranean sclerotium developing on pine tree roots. TCM uses: strengthen spleen, promote urination, calm mind, dispel dampness. Most clinical evidence is in TCM combination formulas rather than isolated Poria.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"antrodia-cinnamomea","name":"Antrodia cinnamomea (Niu-Chang-Chih / Stout Camphor Fungus)","latinName":"Antrodia cinnamomea (also Antrodia camphorata) \u2014 Polyporaceae endemic Taiwan","shortDescription":"A medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan, Chinese name Niu-Chang-Chih (Polyporaceae family, also known as Antrodia camphorata). Among its diverse pharmacological activities, hepatic protection has the strongest evidence and clearest mechanism, supported by antroquinonol (Nrf-2 hepatoprotection) and antrodan glycoprotein (anti-inflammatory) mechanisms. Honest limitation: human clinical trials remain limited, and the FDA has not approved any AC products for clinical applications.","categories":["Liver Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"auricularia-auricula","name":"Auricularia auricula-judae (Wood Ear / Black Jelly Mushroom)","latinName":"Auricularia auricula-judae \u2014 Auriculariaceae jelly fungus","shortDescription":"An edible jelly fungus commonly called wood ear, black jelly mushroom, or jew's ear. Auriculariaceae family. Widely consumed in Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Japanese cuisine. An acidic polysaccharide isolated via alkali extraction has specific anticoagulant activity of 2 IU/mg and a molecular mass of ~160 kDa. Composition: mannose + glucose + glucuronic acid + xylose (no sulfate esters, distinguishing it from heparin). Mechanism: thrombin inhibition catalyzed by antithrombin (not heparin cofactor II); glucuronic acid carboxyl groups are essential, as activity disappeared after carboxyl reduction. Aspirin-like anticoagulant effects in vitro and in rats. Most evidence is in vitro / animal, with dedicated human RCTs limited.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"polyporus-umbellatus","name":"Polyporus umbellatus (Zhu Ling / Chu Ling)","latinName":"Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries \u2014 formerly Grifola umbellata. Polyporaceae","shortDescription":"Traditional Chinese Medicine medicinal mushroom \u2014 Chinese name 'Zhu Ling' (Pig's Truffle). The sclerotium grows on roots of beech and oak. First described in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing as a diuretic for edema and dysuria. Active compounds include PUPS (Polyporus Umbellatus Polysaccharide \u2014 a \u03b2-glucan with (1-3) backbone and (1-6) side chains, ~1.6\u00d710\u2075 Da), ergone, and polyporusterones A and B. A systematic review of low-quality Chinese TCM trials in chronic hepatitis B reported HBeAg and HBV DNA clearance signals, but the review itself rated overall evidence quality as low \u2014 rigorous double-blind placebo-controlled trials are still needed.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"sparassis-crispa","name":"Sparassis crispa (Cauliflower Mushroom / Hanabiratake)","latinName":"Sparassis crispa \u2014 Sparassidaceae. Japanese name 'Hanabiratake'","shortDescription":"Edible mushroom (Japanese name 'Hanabiratake') with the highest \u03b2-glucan content among medicinal mushrooms (>40% dry weight). Now cultivable in Japan on coniferous sawdust. The active polysaccharide SCG (Sparassis Crispa Glucan) is a unique 6-branched 1,3-\u03b2-glucan (one branch ~every 3 main-chain units) that activates innate immunity via Dectin-1. Most evidence is preclinical \u2014 Sarcoma 180 mouse antitumor model, cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia recovery, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects. Human RCT data is limited.","categories":["Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"hericium-erinaceus-strain-specific","name":"Hericium erinaceus (Mycelium vs Fruiting Body \u2014 Strain Specifics)","latinName":"Hericium erinaceus \u2014 Hericiaceae. Yamabushitake (Japanese), Lion's Mane","shortDescription":"A strain-specific Lion's Mane mushroom entry focused on the chemistry distinction that determines whether a product actually works: erinacines (concentrated in mycelium) and hericenones (concentrated in fruiting body) are both NGF-stimulating compounds, but they behave differently in the body. One trial used 3 g/day of fruiting body powder for adults with mild cognitive impairment, with significant improvements that faded after stopping. A separate longer trial in early Alzheimer's tested erinacine A-enriched mycelium with positive cognitive results. Critical purchasing point: most commercial mycelium-on-grain products contain little of either compound because the grain substrate dilutes everything. Trial-matched preparations are either fruiting body extracts or erinacine A-standardized mycelium. The honest framing: real cognitive support evidence exists, but only with quality preparations matching what the trials actually used.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"codonopsis-pilosula","name":"Codonopsis pilosula (Dang Shen / Poor Man's Ginseng)","latinName":"Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. \u2014 Codonaceae (formerly Campanulaceae)","shortDescription":"Traditional Chinese 'Dang Shen' or 'poor man's ginseng' \u2014 Codonaceae family (formerly Campanulaceae). Used over 2,000 years in TCM as a gentler tonic alternative to Panax ginseng. TCM indications: tonifying spleen and lung qi, dyspnea, cough, asthma, bronchitis, poor immune function, stress, fatigue, adrenal fatigue, and chemotherapy/radiation side effects. An ingredient in classical 'Change of Season Soup.' Active compounds: tangshenosides, syringin (eleutheroside B), polysaccharides, codonopsine, triterpenes, and polyacetylenes.","categories":["Energy","Stress & Anxiety","Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"gynostemma-pentaphyllum","name":"Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Jiaogulan / Southern Ginseng)","latinName":"Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino \u2014 Cucurbitaceae (NOT Araliaceae like true ginsengs)","shortDescription":"Gynostemma pentaphyllum (also called Jiaogulan or Southern Ginseng) is a traditional Chinese herb with growing modern clinical evidence for metabolic and cardiovascular applications. It contains gypenosides \u2014 saponins structurally similar to ginsenosides \u2014 that activate AMPK (the same metabolic pathway as metformin) and modulate AMPK-dependent metabolic functions. Clinical trials show improvements in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and lipid profiles in adults with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Effects on body composition are modest but present. Also has emerging evidence for cardiovascular protection, exercise capacity, and stress adaptation. The honest framing: a well-evidenced metabolic herb that activates similar pathways to berberine and metformin, with consistent but modest effects in clinical populations. Less well-known in Western markets than other adaptogens but supported by solid trial data.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Athletic Performance","Stress & Anxiety","Cardiovascular","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"polygonum-multiflorum","name":"Polygonum multiflorum / Reynoutria multiflora (He Shou Wu / Fo-Ti)","latinName":"Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. / Reynoutria multiflora \u2014 Polygonaceae perennial vine","shortDescription":"He Shou Wu (HSW) / Fo-Ti, a Polygonaceae perennial vine root used in TCM since the Tang Dynasty (>1,200 years; Kai Bao Ben Cao). Traditional uses: anti-aging, hair-blackening (premature greying), liver/kidney tonifying, lumbago, spermatorrhea. Critical hepatotoxicity warning: among the top 5 individual TCM herbs documented to cause liver injury. NCBI LiverTox notes liver injury is usually self-limited but occasionally prolonged or fatal, and recurrence with restart is common, so rechallenge is avoided. The case literature documents hundreds of reports of liver damage. It cannot be safely recommended for general supplement use; safer alternatives exist for hair and anti-aging applications.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pfaffia-paniculata","name":"Pfaffia paniculata / Hebanthe eriantha (Brazilian Ginseng / Suma)","latinName":"Pfaffia paniculata (Martius) Kuntze (= Hebanthe eriantha = Hebanthe paniculata) \u2014 Amaranthaceae","shortDescription":"Pfaffia paniculata (recently renamed Hebanthe eriantha or Hebanthe paniculata) is a Brazilian medicinal plant, often marketed as Brazilian Ginseng or Suma. Despite the 'ginseng' nickname, it's botanically unrelated to true ginsengs (it's in the Amaranthaceae family, not Araliaceae). Brazilian folk medicine uses it as an anti-stress agent, tonic, aphrodisiac, and memory enhancer. The active compounds include \u03b2-ecdysterone (a phytosteroid with adaptogenic effects), saponins, and pfaffic acids. Preclinical evidence supports anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal tissue, chemopreventive activity in cancer cell lines and animal models, and traditional adaptogenic actions. The honest framing: a botanical with extensive traditional use and promising preclinical evidence, but very limited human clinical trials \u2014 most evidence remains in rats, mice, and cell lines. Substantially weaker evidence base than mainstream Asian adaptogens like ashwagandha, rhodiola, or true ginsengs. Avoid in pregnancy and lactation due to animal evidence of testicular function alterations.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Energy","Libido Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"codonopsis-lanceolata","name":"Codonopsis lanceolata (Deodeok / Korean Bonnet Bellflower)","latinName":"Codonopsis lanceolata \u2014 Campanulaceae perennial herb","shortDescription":"Korean Deodeok (\ub354\ub355) / Sasam (\u6c99\u8518, 'sand ginseng') - a Campanulaceae perennial herb. Distinct from Codonopsis pilosula (Chinese Dang Shen) - same genus but different species, different active compounds, and different traditional indications. Korean and Chinese TCM use for bronchitis, asthma, cough, tuberculosis, dyspepsia, and psychoneurosis. Most clinical evidence is at the protocol stage or in mouse models.","categories":["Respiratory Health","Cognitive","Muscle & Recovery","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"humic-extract","name":"Humic Extract","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Humic extract is derived from decomposed organic matter (peat, soil, lignite, leonardite) and contains humic acids, a heterogeneous group of large-molecular-weight organic compounds related to but distinct from fulvic acid. Used historically in traditional Chinese and Eastern European medicine; modern interest focuses on gut microbiome modulation, antioxidant activity, heavy metal binding, and immune modulation. The evidence base is genuinely thin: a clinical trial in healthy volunteers showed humic acid supplementation modulated colonic microbiome composition; most other claims rest on in vitro, animal, or preclinical research. Important honest disclosure: population research has associated humic substances in drinking water with thyroid disease, joint disease, and circulatory disease; these signals warrant caution despite the absence of definitive causation. The supplement market for humic extract is largely unregulated with significant quality variation. The honest framing: mechanistically plausible activity with traditional use precedent; clinical evidence is preliminary; safety concerns are real and underreported. Distinguish carefully from fulvic acid (better evidenced, smaller molecule, different effects); see our Shilajit / Fulvic Acid entries for the better-evidenced related category.","categories":["Gut Health","Antioxidant","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"carnipure","name":"Carnipure\u00ae (L-Carnitine \u2014 Lonza)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Carnipure\u00ae is the branded L-carnitine from Lonza (Switzerland) \u2014 the most clinically researched L-carnitine product with consistent manufacturing standards and quality control. Used in clinical trials across cardiovascular, athletic recovery, and male fertility applications. The Carnipure\u00ae quality seal indicates pharmaceutical-grade L-carnitine produced through a patented fermentation process, distinguishing it from synthetic or animal-derived alternatives that may have purity concerns. Standardized to high pharmaceutical purity. Most cardiovascular L-carnitine trials use Carnipure\u00ae or equivalent pharmaceutical-grade material; consumer supplements using Carnipure\u00ae can confirm trial-validated quality. The honest framing: the Carnipure\u00ae premium reflects pharmaceutical-grade manufacturing rather than dramatically different L-carnitine activity \u2014 the underlying amino acid mechanism is the same. Worth paying for in clinical applications (cardiovascular, fertility) where quality matters most.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"niagen","name":"Niagen\u00ae (Nicotinamide Riboside \u2014 ChromaDex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Niagen\u00ae is the branded nicotinamide riboside (NR) from ChromaDex \u2014 essentially the only commercially viable NR product with reliable manufacturing capability at scale. Patented synthesis process and dedicated clinical research program documenting the safety and bioavailability of NR specifically. Niagen\u00ae is used in essentially every published clinical trial of NR supplementation, including the foundational trials documenting blood NAD+ elevation in humans. FDA New Dietary Ingredient (NDI) notification accepted and Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status established. Standardized to \u226598% purity with reproducible manufacturing. The honest framing: the brand premium has stronger justification than most supplements because Niagen\u00ae is essentially the only NR form clinical research has validated and the only one with reliable commercial-scale manufacturing. Generic alternatives carry meaningful uncertainty about actual NR content and stability. Long-term real-world health benefits remain less well-established than the immediate NAD+ biomarker effects.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"kyolic","name":"Kyolic\u00ae (Aged Garlic Extract \u2014 Wakunaga)","latinName":"Allium sativum","shortDescription":"Kyolic\u00ae is the branded aged garlic extract from Wakunaga (Japan) \u2014 the most clinically researched aged garlic supplement, with hundreds of published research articles documenting its effects. The proprietary aging process (20+ months at controlled temperature and humidity) transforms raw garlic's unstable thiosulfinates into stable S-allyl cysteine (SAC) and related water-soluble organosulfur compounds. Standardized to consistent SAC content across batches. The clinical evidence base for aged garlic extract supplementation in cardiovascular health is built primarily on Kyolic\u00ae research \u2014 including the studies showing blood pressure reduction, cholesterol improvement, and slowed arterial calcification progression. The honest framing: Kyolic\u00ae has unusually strong trial-grade evidence for a supplement, with decades of dedicated research and reproducible standardization. The brand premium is justified by the extensive clinical validation; generic aged garlic at proper SAC standardization works mechanistically but with less trial verification.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"restoridyn","name":"Restoridyn\u00ae (Tart Cherry Extract \u2014 Anthocyte)","latinName":"Prunus cerasus","shortDescription":"Restoridyn\u00ae is the branded standardized tart cherry extract from Anthocyte Inc., specifically formulated and clinically validated for exercise recovery and athletic performance applications. Standardized for anthocyanin content with documented bioavailability and pharmacokinetic data. Clinical trial evidence demonstrates Restoridyn\u00ae effects on post-exercise muscle damage markers, recovery, and inflammatory response in trained athletes. Different from general tart cherry juice or generic powder products in that it provides standardized, dose-precise anthocyanin delivery suitable for performance and recovery protocols where consistency matters. The honest framing: Restoridyn\u00ae offers documented standardization advantage over generic tart cherry products for athletic applications; the brand premium is justified primarily by reproducible dosing rather than dramatically different anthocyanin activity. For general sleep or uric acid applications, generic tart cherry juice or capsules at proper dosing provide similar effects.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pomella","name":"Pomella\u00ae (Pomegranate Extract \u2014 Verdure Sciences)","latinName":"Punica granatum","shortDescription":"Pomella is the branded standardized pomegranate extract from Verdure Sciences (Indiana, USA), a standardized pomegranate extract, standardized to >=30% punicalagin. The cited human research on Pomella comprises two small brand-sponsored RCTs on gut-microbiome and skin endpoints, supported by in-vitro mechanistic work; cardiovascular, blood-pressure and endothelial effects reflect pomegranate polyphenols as a class and are not established by any Pomella trial cited here. The proprietary extraction process preserves the punicalagin profile in a stable, water-soluble powder suitable for capsule and beverage applications. The honest framing: the cited Pomella human trials are two small brand-sponsored RCTs on gut-microbiome and skin endpoints, with reproducible punicalagin standardization that generic pomegranate products often lack. The main documented advantage is reproducible punicalagin standardization; generic pomegranate extracts at proper punicalagin standardization deliver similar mechanism at lower cost. Pomegranate juice provides similar polyphenol content but with a sugar load.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"wokvel","name":"WokVel\u00ae (Boswellia Serrata Extract \u2014 Pharmanza)","latinName":"Boswellia serrata","shortDescription":"WokVel\u00ae is the branded standardized boswellia serrata extract from Pharmanza Herbal (India) \u2014 a well-researched boswellia form with documented clinical trial evidence for osteoarthritis joint pain and inflammatory conditions. Standardized to consistent boswellic acid content with quality control supporting reproducible clinical effects. Distinct from Apr\u00e8sFlex\u00ae/Aflapin\u00ae (also a branded boswellia with different standardization focus on AKBA). WokVel\u00ae trials document osteoarthritis pain reduction, improved joint function, and anti-inflammatory effects over 30-90 days of supplementation. The honest framing: WokVel\u00ae provides quality-controlled boswellia with trial-validated effects; the brand premium is justified by manufacturing consistency rather than dramatically different mechanism. Generic high-AKBA boswellia extracts (\u226520% AKBA) produce similar mechanism; WokVel\u00ae offers manufacturing assurance and trial-grade quality.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"quatrefolic","name":"Quatrefolic\u00ae (L-5-MTHF Methylfolate \u2014 Gnosis)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Quatrefolic\u00ae is the branded crystal salt form of L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (methylfolate) from Gnosis SpA (Italy/Lonza) \u2014 the most-studied bioactive folate form for supplementation. Patented crystal salt technology produces stable, bioavailable methylfolate suitable for clinical-grade applications. Generic L-5-MTHF crystals exist but stability and bioavailability vary; Quatrefolic\u00ae has documented stability and pharmacokinetic data supporting consistent clinical effects. Used in prescription medical foods, prenatal vitamins, and clinical-grade supplements where methylfolate quality matters. FDA Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. The honest framing: Quatrefolic\u00ae is the form most published clinical evidence validates; the brand premium reflects pharmaceutical-grade quality control rather than dramatically different methylfolate activity. For general supplementation, generic L-5-MTHF works at similar dose; for clinical applications (pregnancy, depression adjunct, documented MTHFR variants), Quatrefolic\u00ae's quality assurance is worth the premium.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Women's Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pine-bark-extract","name":"Pine Bark Extract","latinName":"Pinus species","shortDescription":"Pine Bark Extract is concentrated from the bark of various pine species \u2014 most commonly French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster, the source of Pycnogenol\u00ae), but also American white pine (Pinus strobus), Korean red pine, and others. The active compounds are proanthocyanidins (procyanidins) \u2014 large polyphenols related to those in grape seed extract \u2014 along with various flavonoids and organic acids. Clinical evidence supports cardiovascular benefits (blood pressure, endothelial function, varicose veins), cognitive function support, asthma adjunct, skin health, and ADHD symptom modulation. Effective doses range 100-300 mg/day. Pycnogenol\u00ae is the most-studied branded form with hundreds of clinical trials; generic pine bark extracts vary in source species and proanthocyanidin standardization. The honest framing: well-evidenced antioxidant and cardiovascular adjunct; the French maritime pine source has substantially more research than other species; generic extracts at proper proanthocyanidin standardization (\u226585% OPCs) produce similar mechanisms at lower cost.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"diosmin","name":"Diosmin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Diosmin is a flavonoid (specifically a flavone glycoside) derived from citrus fruits, primarily orange peel. It's used widely in Europe (often combined with hesperidin in a 90:10 ratio called 'Daflon' or MPFF \u2014 Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction) for chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, and hemorrhoids. In Europe, MPFF is a prescription drug for venous conditions; in the US, diosmin is sold only as a dietary supplement (not FDA-approved as a drug). Meta-analyses support effectiveness for venous health and hemorrhoid management. Mechanism involves improved venous tone, reduced capillary permeability, lymphatic drainage support, and modest anti-inflammatory effects on vascular tissue. The honest framing: one of the best-evidenced botanical supplements for the specific venous and hemorrhoid indications; not useful for general health applications outside venous/lymphatic conditions; note that the supplement-grade products in the US don't carry the same regulatory standing as European prescription medications.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"paractin","name":"ParActin\u00ae (Andrographis Extract \u2014 HP Ingredients)","latinName":"Andrographis paniculata","shortDescription":"ParActin\u00ae is the branded andrographis extract from HP Ingredients (Florida, USA) \u2014 standardized for high andrographolide content with documented anti-inflammatory mechanism, including PPAR-gamma activation. Trial-validated for joint health and inflammatory applications with consistent manufacturing standards. The branded form addresses two issues with generic andrographis: variable andrographolide content (3-30%+ in commercial extracts) and lack of mechanism-specific characterization. ParActin\u00ae clinical trials document anti-inflammatory effects, joint comfort improvements in osteoarthritis, and immune modulation. The honest framing: ParActin\u00ae provides quality-controlled andrographis with trial-grade evidence for specific applications; the brand premium reflects standardization investment and clinical research; generic high-andrographolide andrographis (\u226510%) provides similar mechanism at lower cost for most applications.","categories":["Immune Support","Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"thymoquin","name":"ThymoQuin\u00ae (Black Seed Oil \u2014 TriNutra)","latinName":"Nigella sativa","shortDescription":"ThymoQuin\u00ae is the branded black seed oil from TriNutra (Israel) \u2014 standardized to \u22653% thymoquinone content, positioned for cardiometabolic and inflammatory applications (the supporting efficacy trials to date used generic Nigella sativa oil rather than ThymoQuin specifically). The branded standardization addresses the major issue with generic black seed oil: thymoquinone content varies dramatically (often 0.1-4%) based on processing method, raw material quality, and storage conditions. ThymoQuin\u00ae provides reproducible thymoquinone delivery through cold-pressing and quality control. The cited clinical evidence comes mainly from generic Nigella sativa / black seed oil trials (and one different thymoquinone-standardized oil), not ThymoQuin-branded material \u2014 it supports the black-seed-oil / thymoquinone class for cardiometabolic biomarkers, inflammatory markers, and respiratory endpoints rather than the specific brand. The honest framing: ThymoQuin\u00ae offers documented standardization advantage over generic black seed oil with verified thymoquinone content; the brand premium reflects manufacturing investment; cost-effective alternative for users specifically wanting standardized thymoquinone delivery rather than variable-content generic alternatives.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory","Metabolic Health","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"levagen","name":"Levagen+\u00ae (PEA \u2014 Palmitoylethanolamide \u2014 Gencor)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Levagen+\u00ae is the branded bioavailable palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) from Gencor (Austin, TX) \u2014 addressing the major issue with standard PEA: poor bioavailability of the hydrophobic compound. Levagen+\u00ae combines Gencor's PEA with LipiSperse\u00ae dispersion technology developed by Pharmako Biotechnologies (Australia, Gencor's sister/partner company) to enhance water dispersibility and bioavailability. A published pharmacokinetic study documented 1.75x absorption increase over standard PEA \u2014 meaningful but more modest than typical 'enhanced bioavailability' marketing implies. Clinical trials specifically using Levagen+\u00ae document benefits in pain, inflammation, sleep, and cognitive applications. The enhanced absorption may enable somewhat lower effective doses than standard PEA protocols, though the 1.75x absorption advantage doesn't translate to a proportional dose reduction. The honest framing: Levagen+\u00ae offers a documented but modest (1.75x) bioavailability advantage over standard PEA through measured absorption-enhancing technology, supported by a small number of industry-funded RCTs with mixed results.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Cognitive","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"mitopure","name":"Mitopure\u00ae (Urolithin A \u2014 Amazentis)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Mitopure\u00ae is the branded urolithin A from Amazentis (Switzerland) \u2014 essentially the only commercial source of direct urolithin A with reliable manufacturing capability and FDA New Dietary Ingredient (NDI) acceptance. The proprietary synthesis produces pharmaceutical-grade urolithin A standardized for purity and bioavailability. All published clinical evidence for direct urolithin A supplementation uses Mitopure\u00ae. Documented clinical effects include mitochondrial gene expression improvements, mitochondrial function biomarker enhancement, muscle strength preservation, and exercise capacity support in older adults. The Amazentis research program includes multiple ongoing clinical trials across aging, athletic performance, and skin health applications. The honest framing: Mitopure\u00ae has the strongest justification for brand premium of any supplement in our database \u2014 it's essentially the only validated commercial urolithin A source with clinical research backing and manufacturing reliability. Generic urolithin A alternatives are essentially non-existent at quality supplement scale.","categories":["Antioxidant","Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pantesin","name":"Pantesin\u00ae (Pantethine \u2014 Daiichi Fine Chemical)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Pantesin\u00ae is the branded standardized pantethine from Daiichi Fine Chemical (Japan) \u2014 the most clinically researched pantethine form used in lipid management trials. The branded standardization addresses pantethine's stability challenges; the disulfide structure can degrade in suboptimal manufacturing or storage conditions. Pantesin\u00ae provides reproducible pantethine content and stability supporting consistent clinical effects. The clinical evidence base for pantethine lipid effects is built largely on Pantesin\u00ae or equivalent pharmaceutical-grade material. The honest framing: Pantesin\u00ae offers documented manufacturing consistency and trial-grade quality; the brand premium reflects stability and quality control rather than dramatically different pantethine activity; for users specifically wanting trial-validated lipid management, Pantesin\u00ae provides clinical-grade certainty. Generic pantethine may produce similar effects but with less manufacturing assurance.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"truebroc","name":"Truebroc\u00ae (Glucoraphanin Broccoli Seed Extract \u2014 Brassica Protection Products)","latinName":"Brassica oleracea","shortDescription":"Truebroc\u00ae is the branded standardized broccoli seed extract from Brassica Protection Products LLC (in collaboration with Johns Hopkins University) \u2014 one of the most-marketed glucoraphanin sources with documented 13% glucoraphanin standardization. Note that the broader clinical evidence base for sulforaphane supplementation spans multiple branded extracts (including Avmacol\u00ae, BroccoMax\u00ae, and others using Brassica's glucoraphanin) \u2014 not Truebroc\u00ae alone. The branded standardization addresses the major issue with generic broccoli supplements: variable glucoraphanin content. Truebroc\u00ae is self-affirmed GRAS and used as an ingredient in numerous finished products (Thorne, Xymogen, Jarrow Formulas, Nutramax, and others). The honest framing: Truebroc\u00ae provides standardized glucoraphanin with documented manufacturing standards; the brand premium reflects standardization investment; for autism-specific applications, products with added myrosinase or pre-formed sulforaphane may be more relevant since Truebroc\u00ae on its own requires gut bacterial conversion for activity.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lj100","name":"LJ100\u00ae (Tongkat Ali \u2014 HP Ingredients)","latinName":"Eurycoma longifolia","shortDescription":"LJ100\u00ae is the branded standardized tongkat ali extract from HP Ingredients (Florida, USA) \u2014 one of the two most clinically researched tongkat ali forms (along with Physta\u00ae). Standardized for eurypeptide content with documented bioavailability and clinical trial evidence specifically validating testosterone support, stress modulation, and muscle strength applications. The clinical evidence base for tongkat ali in modern research uses LJ100\u00ae or equivalent quality-controlled material. The honest framing: LJ100\u00ae provides quality-controlled tongkat ali with trial-grade evidence for specific applications; the brand premium reflects standardization investment and clinical research; generic tongkat ali quality varies dramatically \u2014 LJ100\u00ae offers verified standardization. For users specifically wanting trial-validated tongkat ali, LJ100\u00ae is one of two top choices alongside Physta\u00ae.","categories":["Men's Health","Testosterone","Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"beef-liver","name":"Beef Liver (Desiccated)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Beef liver is among the most nutrient-dense foods in human nutrition \u2014 sometimes marketed as 'nature's multivitamin,' a nutrient-density framing that its actual composition largely supports. A 3-ounce serving provides 4,000-7,000 mcg of preformed vitamin A (retinol), exceptional concentrations of B12, biotin, copper, heme iron, and choline. Desiccated (freeze-dried) beef liver capsules typically deliver 1.5-6 g/day, providing the equivalent of roughly 1 ounce of fresh liver. The category has surged in popularity through 'ancestral nutrition' marketing from Heart & Soil, Ancestral Supplements, Codeage, and others. The honest framing: the nutrient content is real and genuinely high quality (heme iron is 3x more bioavailable than non-heme iron; preformed retinol bypasses the BCMO1 conversion bottleneck affecting ~45% of the population). However, modern clinical trial evidence specifically for desiccated liver supplements is essentially nonexistent \u2014 most claims rest on traditional use and the established nutritional content of fresh liver. Vitamin A toxicity is a genuine concern with sustained high-dose use. Sourcing matters significantly: grass-fed/pasture-raised reduces concerns about toxin accumulation in the liver.","categories":["Energy","Women's Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"beef-heart","name":"Beef Heart (Desiccated)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Beef heart is a working muscle organ \u2014 nutritionally distinct from both standard muscle meat and other organs (liver, kidney). It's the richest natural food source of CoQ10, with concentrations 2-3\u00d7 those of standard muscle meat. Also provides high levels of B vitamins (especially B12, B6, riboflavin, niacin), copper, selenium, zinc, taurine, and collagen-derived proteins. Desiccated capsules typically deliver 1.5-3 g/day for cardiovascular, energy, and recovery support. Honest framing: nutrient density is real, but no modern trials test desiccated heart supplements for outcomes. Isolated CoQ10 supplements deliver 10-20\u00d7 more.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"beef-kidney","name":"Beef Kidney (Desiccated)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Beef kidney is among the most concentrated natural sources of selenium \u2014 a single 3.5 oz serving provides roughly 256% of the daily selenium requirement. It also provides exceptional B12 levels, heme iron, riboflavin, and diamine oxidase (DAO) \u2014 the enzyme that breaks down histamine in the gut. Desiccated beef kidney capsules typically deliver 1.5-3 g/day. The supplement category positions beef kidney for thyroid support (via selenium), histamine intolerance management (via DAO content), kidney health, and detoxification. The honest framing: the selenium and B12 content is genuinely high, and DAO from animal sources has mechanistic relevance for histamine intolerance \u2014 though the amount of intact DAO surviving desiccation is variable and not well-characterized. As with other organ supplements, modern clinical trial evidence for desiccated kidney is essentially nonexistent. The 'like supports like' kidney health claim has no clinical evidence. Cost-effective selenium supplements deliver standardized doses; beef kidney provides selenium in food-matrix form alongside other nutrients.","categories":["Immune Support","Thyroid Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"beef-spleen","name":"Beef Spleen (Desiccated)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Beef spleen is the most concentrated natural source of heme iron in the food supply \u2014 making it of particular interest for those addressing iron deficiency. The spleen functions in red blood cell processing and immune surveillance, so its tissue is rich in heme iron, immune-related peptides, B12, and copper. Desiccated beef spleen capsules typically deliver 1.5-3 g/day. The supplement category positions beef spleen for iron deficiency anemia, immune support, and the 'building blood' traditional use. The honest framing: the heme iron content is real and clinically meaningful for iron-deficient individuals; bioavailability is superior to standard ferrous sulfate iron supplements with fewer GI side effects. The 'immune peptides' claim is mechanistically plausible but not clinically established. As with other organ supplements, modern clinical trials for desiccated spleen are essentially nonexistent. For iron deficiency specifically, beef spleen offers a natural alternative to iron tablets \u2014 though standardized iron supplements provide more precise dosing for documented deficiency.","categories":["Immune Support","Women's Health","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"beef-pancreas","name":"Beef Pancreas (Desiccated)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Beef pancreas is unique among organ supplements for its natural digestive enzyme content \u2014 providing lipase, protease (trypsin, chymotrypsin), and amylase enzymes that the pancreas produces for digestion. Desiccated beef pancreas capsules typically deliver 1.5-3 g/day. Some enzymatic activity survives freeze-drying processing, though the amount and consistency varies between products and isn't standardized like pharmaceutical pancreatic enzyme products (Creon, Zenpep \u2014 used for pancreatic insufficiency). The supplement category positions beef pancreas for digestive support, blood sugar regulation, and general 'pancreatic health.' The honest framing: the digestive enzyme rationale is mechanistically real, but desiccated beef pancreas is not standardized for enzyme activity like pharmaceutical alternatives. For documented pancreatic insufficiency, prescription pancreatic enzymes are far more reliable. For general digestive support, dedicated digestive enzyme blends with standardized activity (DigeZyme, etc.) provide more predictable effects. Beef pancreas offers whole-food nutrition with some enzymatic activity rather than standardized enzyme therapy.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"acujoint","name":"Acujoint\u00ae Extract Blend","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Acujoint\u00ae is a proprietary joint-support blend developed by Sabinsa that combines standardized extracts of Boswellia serrata (frankincense), Curcuma longa (turmeric), and Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi). Each constituent has independent evidence for supporting joint comfort and a healthy inflammatory response, and the combination is designed to deliver synergistic effects on mobility and cartilage health. Standardized to deliver consistent levels of boswellic acids, curcuminoids, and bitter principles from Tinospora, Acujoint\u00ae is marketed for adults experiencing age-related joint stiffness, occasional discomfort after activity, and reduced flexibility. Manufacturer-sponsored clinical work suggests it may help maintain joint comfort scores and walking distance in osteoarthritis populations, though independent replication remains limited.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"alfalfa","name":"Alfalfa (Sprout & Leaf)","latinName":"Medicago sativa","shortDescription":"Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a deep-rooted legume traditionally used as a nutritive tonic and modern dietary supplement. The leaf and sprouts supply chlorophyll, carotenoids, vitamin K, calcium, magnesium, and phytoestrogenic isoflavones such as coumestrol and formononetin. It has been historically taken to support general vitality, healthy cholesterol levels already within the normal range, lactation, and post-menopausal comfort. While preclinical and small clinical studies suggest modest lipid-supporting and phytoestrogenic effects, large rigorous trials are scarce. Raw sprouts also carry food-safety considerations due to potential bacterial contamination, and people with autoimmune conditions should approach alfalfa cautiously because of L-canavanine content in seeds and young sprouts.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Women's Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"allicin","name":"Allicin","latinName":"Allium sativum (source)","shortDescription":"Allicin is the principal sulfur-containing bioactive in fresh garlic, formed when the enzyme alliinase converts alliin upon cutting or crushing the clove. It is responsible for garlic's characteristic pungent aroma and many of its biological effects. Allicin is highly unstable, breaking down rapidly into a family of organosulfur metabolites including diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, ajoene, and S-allyl cysteine. Research suggests allicin and its derivatives help support cardiovascular health, healthy blood pressure already within the normal range, balanced immune function, and antimicrobial defense. Stabilized allicin-yielding garlic supplements aim to standardize allicin release in the gut, though product quality and actual delivery to systemic circulation can vary widely between brands.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Immune Support","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"allulose","name":"Allulose (D-Psicose)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Allulose, also known as D-psicose, is a rare sugar that occurs naturally in small amounts in figs, raisins, and wheat. It tastes about 70% as sweet as sucrose and has the same texture and browning behavior as regular sugar, but contributes near-zero calories (approximately 0.2\u20130.4 kcal/g) because the body absorbs it but does not metabolize it for energy. Most allulose is excreted unchanged in the urine. The FDA grants it GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status and allows its exclusion from 'Total Sugars' and 'Added Sugars' on US nutrition labels. Clinical research suggests allulose has a minimal impact on post-meal blood glucose and insulin responses, and may even blunt the glycemic response to other carbohydrates when consumed together.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management","GLP-1 Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"anacyclus-pyrethrum","name":"Anacyclus Pyrethrum (Akarkara)","latinName":"Anacyclus pyrethrum","shortDescription":"Anacyclus pyrethrum, known as Akarkara or Pellitory root in Ayurvedic and Unani traditions, is a flowering plant whose root has been used for centuries as a tonic for male vitality, libido, and oral health. The root contains alkylamides (notably pellitorine and anacycline), inulin, and essential oils that produce a characteristic tingling sensation when chewed. Modern preclinical studies have explored its effects on testosterone-related pathways, libido behaviors, and neuromuscular tone in animal models. Human clinical data is limited, but the root is widely used in traditional formulations for men's reproductive wellness and as an adaptogenic aphrodisiac. Quality varies significantly between sources, and the alkylamides are responsible for both its bioactivity and its distinctive numbing taste.","categories":["Men's Health","Libido Support","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"anemarrhena-asphodeloides","name":"Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Zhi Mu)","latinName":"Anemarrhena asphodeloides","shortDescription":"Anemarrhena asphodeloides, known in Traditional Chinese Medicine as Zhi Mu, is a rhizomatous herb classically used to clear 'heat' and nourish 'yin.' The dried rhizome contains a distinctive family of steroidal saponins (timosaponins, especially timosaponin AIII and BII), the aglycone sarsasapogenin, xanthones (mangiferin and neomangiferin), and polysaccharides. In TCM it is paired with herbs like Phellodendron to address symptoms attributed to kidney yin deficiency, including hot flashes, night sweats, irritability, and excessive thirst. Modern preclinical research has examined timosaponins and sarsasapogenin for effects on cognitive function, blood glucose regulation, and inflammation. Human clinical trials remain limited, and most rigorous data come from animal and cell studies rather than large RCTs.","categories":["Menopause Support","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"apoaequorin","name":"Apoaequorin Protein","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Apoaequorin is a calcium-binding protein originally isolated from the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria. It is the active ingredient in the commercial brand Prevagen, which has been marketed for memory support in older adults. The premise is that supplemental calcium-binding proteins might compensate for age-related decline in endogenous calcium-buffering proteins in the brain. However, the supporting evidence is limited and contested. In 2017 the US Federal Trade Commission and New York Attorney General sued Quincy Bioscience, Prevagen's maker, alleging that memory-improvement claims were unsupported by reliable scientific evidence. Litigation has continued for years, with mixed outcomes. Independent peer-reviewed research is sparse, and most published clinical data come from the manufacturer. Consumers should be aware of this context when evaluating the product.","categories":["Cognitive","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ascorbyl-palmitate","name":"Ascorbyl Palmitate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ascorbyl palmitate is a fat-soluble ester of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) combined with palmitic acid. Because it is lipophilic, it can integrate into cell membranes and lipid-based formulations, which is why it is widely used as an antioxidant preservative in foods, cosmetics, and dietary supplements. Once absorbed, ascorbyl palmitate is hydrolyzed in the body into ascorbic acid and palmitic acid, contributing to vitamin C status much like other forms, though typically at a slower release rate. It is generally regarded as gentler on the stomach than plain ascorbic acid at higher doses. While marketing sometimes claims superior bioavailability over standard vitamin C, controlled human studies suggest the differences in plasma vitamin C levels are modest, with ordinary ascorbic acid remaining the most studied form.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bamboo-extract","name":"Bamboo Extract","latinName":"Bambusa spp.","shortDescription":"Bamboo extract is derived from various Bambusa species (commonly Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa arundinacea, and Phyllostachys spp.) and is one of the richest plant sources of bioavailable silica. Standardized extracts typically deliver 70% or more organic silica by weight, making bamboo a popular supplement for supporting hair strength, skin elasticity, nail integrity, and connective tissue health. Silicon, the elemental form silica releases, plays a role in collagen and glycosaminoglycan formation in skin, bone, and joint tissue. Bamboo extracts also contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, and trace minerals that contribute antioxidant activity. While silica's importance in connective tissue is well established, large rigorous human trials of bamboo extract specifically are limited; most evidence comes from silicon-supplementation studies and smaller bamboo-specific trials.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Bone Health","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bee-pollen","name":"Bee Pollen","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Bee pollen is a granular product consisting of flower pollen collected by honeybees and bound with nectar and bee salivary secretions. Its composition varies considerably depending on the floral sources, season, and region, but typically includes proteins and free amino acids (10\u201340%), carbohydrates, lipids including essential fatty acids, B-complex vitamins, vitamins A, C, D, and E, minerals, flavonoids (such as rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol), and carotenoids. It is marketed as a nutrient-dense whole food and has traditional uses in European and Asian folk medicine for energy, recovery, and overall vitality. Modern preclinical research highlights antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nutritive properties, though large rigorous human trials remain limited. Because of its protein content from many plant species, bee pollen carries a meaningful risk of allergic reactions, including severe ones in pollen-allergic individuals.","categories":["Energy","Antioxidant","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bettaberries","name":"BettaBerries\u00ae Antioxidant Blend","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BettaBerries\u00ae is a proprietary blend of dehydrated mixed berries\u2014typically including blueberry, raspberry, cranberry, elderberry, a\u00e7a\u00ed, and goji\u2014formulated to deliver a broad spectrum of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and vitamin C in a concentrated powder. Mixed-berry blends supply ORAC-active pigments that help neutralize reactive oxygen species in the bloodstream and may support healthy circulation, cardiometabolic markers, and cellular resilience. Because berry polyphenols target multiple antioxidant pathways simultaneously, blends are often used as foundational ingredients in greens powders, functional beverages, and longevity formulas where a wide phytochemical footprint is desired.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"biocell-collagen","name":"BioCell Collagen\u00ae","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BioCell Collagen\u00ae is a patented, low-molecular-weight matrix derived from hydrolyzed chicken sternal cartilage that naturally contains hydrolyzed Type II collagen, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid in physiologically relevant ratios. Unlike isolated Type I/III collagen peptides, BioCell delivers the three primary structural components of articular cartilage in a single complex, and its low molecular weight is designed to support intestinal absorption. The ingredient has been evaluated in multiple human randomized controlled trials for joint comfort, mobility, exercise recovery, and skin appearance, making it one of the more clinically substantiated branded joint-support actives on the market.","categories":["Joint Health","Hair, Skin & Nails","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"biomunio-gos","name":"BioMunio\u00ae GOS","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BioMunio\u00ae GOS is a branded galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic produced enzymatically from lactose. GOS molecules resist digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the colon intact, where they are selectively fermented by Bifidobacterium and other beneficial commensals, producing short-chain fatty acids that nourish colonocytes. Generic GOS has consistent randomized-controlled-trial evidence for shifting microbiota composition toward greater bifidobacterial abundance, supporting stool regularity, and promoting a healthy gut barrier. As a branded, clinically substantiated GOS, BioMunio can be used in gut-microbiome and immune-support supplements.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bladderwrack","name":"Bladderwrack Extract","latinName":"Fucus vesiculosus","shortDescription":"Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) is a brown seaweed native to the North Atlantic that has been used traditionally as a source of dietary iodine and as a tonic for thyroid and metabolic support. Its main bioactives are fucoidan\u2014a sulfated polysaccharide with documented antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-adhesion activity in laboratory models\u2014plus alginates, polyphenols (phlorotannins), and naturally occurring iodine. Most modern clinical research focuses on fucoidan preparations rather than whole bladderwrack, and human evidence remains limited. Because bladderwrack supplies meaningful iodine, dose, source consistency, and thyroid status must be considered carefully when using it.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Immune Support","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"bovine-bone-broth-protein","name":"Bovine Bone Broth Protein","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Bovine bone broth protein is a powder produced by simmering beef bones, connective tissue, and marrow for extended periods to extract collagen-derived proteins, which are then concentrated and dried. The resulting powder is rich in glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and glutamine, supplying many of the same amino-acid building blocks as hydrolyzed bovine collagen but typically with a broader profile that includes minor minerals, glycosaminoglycans, and gelatin fractions. Bone-broth protein is used as a convenient way to add collagen-style amino acids to daily nutrition for joint, skin, gut-lining, and recovery support, with most direct human research drawn from the related literature on hydrolyzed collagen peptides.","categories":["Joint Health","Hair, Skin & Nails","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"brussels-sprout","name":"Brussels Sprout Powder","latinName":"Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera","shortDescription":"Brussels sprout powder is produced from freeze-dried or low-temperature-dried Brussels sprouts and concentrates the cruciferous vegetable's signature phytochemicals, including glucosinolates (notably glucobrassicin and glucoraphanin), kaempferol, and vitamin C. When the powder is consumed, plant myrosinase and gut microbiota convert glucosinolates into bioactive isothiocyanates and indoles such as indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3\u2032-diindolylmethane (DIM), which activate Nrf2-driven detoxification enzymes and modulate estrogen metabolism. Brussels sprout powder is used as a whole-food approach to supply cruciferous phytochemicals in formulations targeting antioxidant defense, detoxification, and hormonal balance.","categories":["Antioxidant","Detox & Cleanse","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"buckwheat-sprout","name":"Buckwheat Sprout","latinName":"Fagopyrum esculentum","shortDescription":"Buckwheat sprouts are produced by germinating common buckwheat seeds for several days, which dramatically increases the concentration of bioactive flavonoids\u2014especially rutin and quercetin\u2014compared with mature grain. Sprouting also raises levels of D-chiro-inositol, free amino acids, and total antioxidant capacity while reducing phytate content. Buckwheat itself is naturally gluten-free and contains a balanced amino-acid profile, including lysine, that complements grain-based diets. Buckwheat sprout powders and extracts are used as a whole-food source of flavonoids and inositols for cardiovascular, capillary, and metabolic support formulas.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bupleurum","name":"Bupleurum (Chai Hu)","latinName":"Bupleurum chinense","shortDescription":"Bupleurum (Chai Hu) is a foundational herb in traditional Chinese medicine, where it appears in classical formulas such as Xiao Chai Hu Tang for liver-channel support and emotional regulation. The root contains triterpene saponins called saikosaponins (notably saikosaponins A and D), along with polysaccharides, lignans, and essential oils. Preclinical research has documented hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activity for saikosaponins, with most direct human evidence coming from multi-herb formulas rather than isolated bupleurum. Bupleurum is used in TCM-informed formulas for liver support, immune balance, and stress-related digestive symptoms.","categories":["Liver Health","Immune Support","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"calcium-fructoborate","name":"Calcium Fructoborate (FruiteX-B\u00ae)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Calcium fructoborate (CFB), marketed as FruiteX-B\u00ae by VDF FutureCeuticals, is a patented complex of calcium, fructose, and boron designed to mimic the boron-carbohydrate complexes naturally found in plant foods such as fruits and vegetables. Multiple human randomized controlled trials have evaluated CFB at 110\u2013112 mg/day for knee discomfort, joint function, and systemic inflammation markers including C-reactive protein, IL-6, and IL-1\u03b2. The ingredient delivers a low daily dose of bioavailable boron with a documented safety profile and represents one of the more clinically substantiated boron supplements available, with effects observed at intakes comparable to dietary boron from a fruit-rich diet.","categories":["Joint Health","Bone Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cantaloupe-fruit-powder","name":"Cantaloupe Fruit Powder (SOD B Extramel\u00ae)","latinName":"Cucumis melo","shortDescription":"Cantaloupe fruit powder used in supplements is most often SOD B Extramel\u00ae or similar concentrates derived from a specific melon (Cucumis melo) cultivar selected for its naturally high superoxide dismutase (SOD) content. The fresh melon juice is concentrated and combined with a gliadin-based coating that protects the SOD enzyme from gastric breakdown, allowing it to act in the upper GI tract and trigger systemic antioxidant signaling. A small pilot randomized controlled trial of Extramel at 10 mg/day (\u2248140 IU SOD) for 4 weeks (Milesi 2009) reported improvements in perceived stress and fatigue, with sleep-related items captured within the fatigue questionnaire; the remaining evidence is mechanistic and preclinical.","categories":["Antioxidant","Stress & Anxiety","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"caraway","name":"Caraway","latinName":"Carum carvi","shortDescription":"Caraway is the dried fruit of Carum carvi, a member of the Apiaceae family with a long tradition as a carminative (gas-relieving) herb across European and Middle Eastern cuisines. The volatile oil\u2014dominated by carvone and limonene\u2014has been studied for relaxing gastrointestinal smooth muscle and easing post-meal bloating, pressure, and cramping. The most-cited modern clinical use is a fixed combination of enteric-coated peppermint oil and caraway oil, evaluated across multiple randomized trials in functional dyspepsia (recurrent indigestion without ulcer disease). Caraway is also a common culinary spice with mild antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in laboratory studies.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"celery-powder","name":"Celery Powder","latinName":"Apium graveolens","shortDescription":"Celery powder is a dried, milled form of the whole celery plant (stalk, leaf, and sometimes seed) used both as a culinary ingredient and as a nutrient-dense vegetable powder in supplements. It supplies naturally occurring nitrates, the phthalide 3-n-butylphthalide (3-nB)\u2014concentrated more heavily in the seed\u2014plus polyphenols such as apigenin and luteolin. Most modern clinical work has focused on standardized celery seed extract for blood-pressure support, while celery powder itself is more commonly evaluated as a vegetable-source nitrate vehicle. As a food powder it provides a phytonutrient profile rather than a single isolated active and is best regarded as a culinary adjunct.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cellg8-c","name":"Cellg8\u00ae Vitamin C","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Cellg8\u00ae Vitamin C is a branded liposomal vitamin C ingredient that encapsulates ascorbate within phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes. The intent of liposomal delivery is to improve gastrointestinal absorption and plasma exposure compared to standard ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate, while reducing the osmotic-load side effects (loose stools, cramping) that can occur with high oral doses. Branded-specific clinical trials are sparse; most published evidence for liposomal vitamin C delivery comes from generic liposomal-ascorbate formulations evaluated for pharmacokinetics and antioxidant activity. The underlying vitamin C is an essential nutrient with extensive support for immune function, collagen synthesis, and antioxidant defense.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"choline-bitartrate","name":"Choline Bitartrate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Choline bitartrate is a salt form of choline\u2014an essential nutrient required for phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine) synthesis, acetylcholine production, methyl-group donation via betaine, and fetal neural development. The bitartrate salt is the least expensive oral form and supplies the bare choline molecule without additional structural fats or phospholipids. Choline was formally recognized as essential by the U.S. Institute of Medicine in 1998, which set adequate intakes of 550 mg/day for men and 425 mg/day for women, with higher targets during pregnancy (450 mg) and lactation (550 mg). National survey data indicate the majority of U.S. adults consume less than the adequate intake, making supplementation relevant for many.","categories":["Cognitive","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cistanche-tubulosa","name":"Cistanche tubulosa","latinName":"Cistanche tubulosa","shortDescription":"Cistanche tubulosa (Chinese: Rou Cong Rong) is a parasitic desert plant traditionally used in Chinese medicine for vitality, kidney-yang support, and male sexual function. Modern phytochemistry identifies a class of phenylethanoid glycosides\u2014principally echinacoside and acteoside (verbascoside)\u2014as the main bioactive constituents. Preclinical studies in animal models and a small set of human trials suggest effects on testosterone-related pathways, sexual performance markers, and cognitive endpoints. A standardized Cistanche tubulosa glycoside formulation (Memoregain\u00ae) has been studied for moderate Alzheimer's disease. Evidence in humans remains early-stage but consistent in direction.","categories":["Men's Health","Testosterone","Libido Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"coffee-fruit-essential-oil","name":"Coffee Fruit Essential Oil","latinName":"Coffea arabica","shortDescription":"Coffee fruit essential oil is steam-distilled from the cherry (fruit) of Coffea arabica, the same plant whose seeds become roasted coffee beans. Unlike water-based coffee fruit extracts (which retain polyphenols and chlorogenic acids), the steam-distilled essential oil concentrates volatile aromatic compounds and is used primarily in aromatherapy, cosmetic skincare, and fragrance applications. Direct human clinical evidence for orally consumed coffee fruit essential oil is very limited; the bulk of published coffee-fruit research concerns water-soluble extracts and polyphenol-rich powders, not the steam-distilled volatile oil. We frame this entry honestly: traditional aromatherapy and topical use are reasonable; broader systemic claims are not well supported.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"coffeeberry-cascara","name":"CoffeeBerry\u00ae Cascara","latinName":"Coffea arabica","shortDescription":"CoffeeBerry\u00ae Cascara is a proprietary whole coffee fruit extract developed by VDF FutureCeuticals from the outer pulp (cascara, or cherry) of Coffea arabica fruit \u2014 the portion typically discarded during conventional coffee bean processing. It is rich in chlorogenic acids, procyanidins, quinic acid, and other polyphenols. The same parent extract is also marketed under the trade name NeuroFactor\u00ae for cognitive applications. A single small acute pilot study (n=10, conducted by the manufacturer's own research team) reported that one 100 mg dose raised plasma BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) more than comparator beverages. This finding \u2014 the basis of the ingredient's cognitive marketing narrative \u2014 has not been independently replicated, and plasma BDNF is an unreliable marker because platelet contamination heavily influences measured levels.","categories":["Cognitive","Antioxidant","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"crocin-crocetin","name":"Crocin & Crocetin","latinName":"Crocus sativus","shortDescription":"Crocin and crocetin are the carotenoid pigments responsible for saffron's deep red color. Crocin is a glycosylated form (crocetin esterified with sugars), while crocetin is the smaller, more bioavailable aglycone. Both have been extensively studied for antioxidant, neuroprotective, and ophthalmic effects. Clinical trial evidence supports applications in mood (depression), age-related macular degeneration (retinal function), sleep quality (crocetin), and cardiovascular risk factors (lipid metabolism). Most randomized trials use whole saffron extracts standardized to crocin content (typically 30 mg/day saffron extract), with a smaller body of work on isolated crocetin.","categories":["Mood & Mental Health","Eye Health","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"daidzein","name":"Daidzein","latinName":"Glycine max","shortDescription":"Daidzein is one of the major soy isoflavones, alongside genistein and glycitein. Structurally similar to mammalian estrogens, it binds preferentially to estrogen receptor beta (ER\u03b2) with much weaker affinity than estradiol, classifying it as a phytoestrogen. A subset of adults (~25-50% in Western populations, higher in Asian populations) harbor gut bacteria capable of converting daidzein to S-equol, a more bioactive metabolite. Clinical applications studied include bone density support, menopausal vasomotor symptom relief, and prostate/breast hormonal-balance research. Evidence is heterogeneous \u2014 equol-producer status appears to mediate response in many trials, and the field continues to refine subgroup-specific recommendations.","categories":["Women's Health","Bone Health","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"d-chiro-inositol","name":"D-Chiro-Inositol","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is one of nine inositol stereoisomers and the rarer counterpart to myo-inositol (MI), which dominates in most tissues. The body converts MI to DCI tissue-specifically via insulin-stimulated epimerase activity, and DCI participates in inositol-phosphoglycan (IPG) second messengers downstream of insulin. The foundational 1999 trial by Nestler et al. in the New England Journal of Medicine established DCI as a candidate insulin-sensitizer for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Subsequent work has refined the model \u2014 high-dose DCI alone may paradoxically worsen ovarian function, leading to the Carlomagno-developed 40:1 myo-inositol:D-chiro-inositol combination protocol that is now the most-studied formulation.","categories":["Women's Health","Metabolic Health","Fertility"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"dermaval","name":"Dermaval\u00ae","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Dermaval\u00ae is a proprietary, polyphenol-rich fruit and vegetable concentrate developed by FutureCeuticals and marketed as a beauty-from-within ingredient. The patent-pending blend typically combines extracts of a\u00e7a\u00ed berry, gotu kola, prickly pear cactus, white tea, hawthorn berry, and lycium berry, contributing a mix of anthocyanins, betalains, catechins, and other plant antioxidants. Branded research has focused on Dermaval's ability to inhibit human neutrophil elastase (HNE), an enzyme that degrades skin elastin during oxidative or glycemic stress. Marketed to support skin elasticity, antioxidant defense, and a youthful complexion when consumed orally at a low daily serving (typically 50 mg).","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"dgl-licorice","name":"DGL Licorice (Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice)","latinName":"Glycyrrhiza glabra","shortDescription":"DGL is a processed form of licorice root in which most of the glycyrrhizin has been removed, leaving the flavonoids, chalcones, and polysaccharides that support the gastric mucosa without raising blood pressure or depleting potassium the way whole licorice can. Traditionally chewed before meals or taken as tablets, DGL has been used for decades in functional dyspepsia, indigestion, mild reflux symptoms, and supportive care alongside ulcer therapy. Modern flavonoid-rich extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (such as GutGard\u00ae) have been studied in randomized trials of functional dyspepsia. By removing glycyrrhizin, DGL avoids the pseudo-aldosteronism risk associated with regular licorice ingestion.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"dill-seed","name":"Dill Seed","latinName":"Anethum graveolens","shortDescription":"Dill seed, the dried fruit of the Mediterranean herb Anethum graveolens, has been used as a culinary spice and gentle digestive remedy for centuries. The volatile oil is rich in carvone and limonene, while the seed also provides flavonoids, coumarins, and small amounts of minerals. In modern functional-nutrition use, dill seed is most commonly featured as a carminative for occasional bloating and gas, and standardized extracts have been studied in small Iranian randomized trials for lipid metabolism and glycemic markers in patients with hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Evidence in humans remains modest, with a meta-analysis suggesting a small LDL-cholesterol benefit.","categories":["Gut Health","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"d-mannose","name":"D-Mannose","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"D-Mannose is a simple sugar closely related to glucose, found naturally in fruits such as cranberries, peaches, and apples. Although chemically a monosaccharide, only a small fraction is metabolized for energy \u2014 most is excreted unchanged in the urine, where it can bind to type 1 fimbriae of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and help prevent the bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall. This anti-adhesion mechanism has made D-mannose a popular non-antibiotic option for women with recurrent urinary tract infections. The evidence base includes a landmark 2014 randomized trial, several smaller positive studies, and a larger 2024 UK primary-care merit trial that did not find benefit over placebo \u2014 making the overall picture mixed but clinically meaningful for some users.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"dragon-fruit","name":"Dragon Fruit (Pitaya)","latinName":"Hylocereus polyrhizus / Hylocereus undatus","shortDescription":"Dragon fruit, also called pitaya, is the brightly colored fruit of several climbing cactus species in the genus Hylocereus. The white-fleshed Hylocereus undatus and the deep-magenta Hylocereus polyrhizus are most common in commerce. Beyond its visual appeal, dragon fruit provides dietary fiber, vitamin C, magnesium, and prebiotic oligosaccharides. The red-fleshed varieties are unusually rich in betalain pigments \u2014 water-soluble nitrogen-containing antioxidants more commonly associated with beets. Small human trials have explored dragon fruit's effects on vascular function and on glycemic markers in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, with the strongest emerging signal coming from a 2022 betalain-rich pitaya trial showing improvements in vascular function.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"dulse","name":"Dulse Powder","latinName":"Palmaria palmata","shortDescription":"Dulse (Palmaria palmata) is a red seaweed harvested from the rocky shorelines of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, with a long traditional food role in Ireland, Iceland, Scotland, and coastal North America. Nutritionally, dulse is notable for its plant protein content (up to ~20-25% by dry weight), its bioavailable iodine, and a mix of minerals including potassium, magnesium, and iron. The protein has a favorable essential amino acid profile compared with many land plants, and small bioactive peptides released during digestion have been studied preclinically. Human evidence is sparse and currently centers on iodine intake assessments and a single randomized bread-intervention trial \u2014 so dulse is best viewed as a nutrient-dense whole food rather than a clinically validated supplement.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"egg-white-albumin","name":"Egg White Albumin Powder","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Egg white albumin powder is a purified, fat-free protein supplement made by drying liquid egg whites, with ovalbumin comprising roughly 54% and conalbumin (ovotransferrin) about 13% of total egg-white protein. The result is a slow-to-moderately-digesting, complete protein with all nine essential amino acids and a relatively high leucine content per gram \u2014 leucine being the amino acid most strongly tied to the activation of muscle protein synthesis. Egg protein has been used as a reference protein in muscle metabolism research for decades, and recent work has compared whole eggs to egg whites in resistance-trained men, with whole eggs producing larger acute anabolic responses despite matched protein intake. As a standalone powder, egg-white albumin remains a clean, lactose-free, low-fat option for athletes and individuals managing dairy or whey sensitivity.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"elevatp","name":"ElevATP\u00ae","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"ElevATP\u00ae is a branded combination of ancient peat extract and apple polyphenol extract developed by FutureCeuticals as an ATP-supporting performance ingredient. Unlike products that supply ATP directly, ElevATP\u00ae is marketed to help support the body's own production of ATP within cells. Branded preclinical and acute pilot research has reported increases in whole-blood ATP after a single 150 mg serving, and short-term randomized trials in resistance-trained men have examined effects on strength, power, and body composition over 12 weeks at doses of 150 mg/day. Independent peer-reviewed evidence is limited, with most published work conducted by the ingredient's research group, and to date these findings have not been independently replicated.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"enfinity","name":"enfinity\u00ae Paraxanthine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"enfinity\u00ae is a branded, pharmaceutical-grade form of paraxanthine, the primary metabolite of caffeine in the human body. After ingesting caffeine, roughly 80% is metabolized to paraxanthine by hepatic CYP1A2, and a growing body of branded research suggests that supplementing paraxanthine directly delivers many of caffeine's cognitive and performance benefits with a different side-effect profile, including potentially less reported jitter, less impact on heart rate, and a shorter half-life. Acute and short-term dose-response trials at 50-200 mg in healthy adults have explored effects on attention, memory, reaction time, and exercise-related cognition, while preclinical and safety toxicology studies support a no-observed-adverse-effect level well above typical human serving sizes. As a newer category, enfinity\u00ae is most often used at 100-200 mg in cognitive and pre-workout formulas.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ephedra-viridis","name":"Brigham Tea (Mormon Tea / Ephedra viridis)","latinName":"Ephedra viridis","shortDescription":"Brigham tea, also called Mormon tea or green ephedra, is a leafless shrub native to the arid American Southwest. Important context: Ephedra viridis is botanically and chemically distinct from the Asian species Ephedra sinica (Ma Huang) \u2014 phytochemical analyses of New World Ephedra species, including E. viridis and E. nevadensis, have not detected the sympathomimetic alkaloids ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, or norpseudoephedrine that drove the 2004 FDA ban on ephedra-alkaloid dietary supplements. Brigham tea has been used traditionally by Indigenous peoples and Mormon settlers as a mild beverage tea, occasionally for kidney and urinary support and as a folk remedy for colds and seasonal complaints. Formal human clinical research on E. viridis itself is essentially absent, so any modern use should be guided by traditional context rather than disease-modifying claims.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"err-731","name":"ERr 731\u00ae (Rheum rhaponticum extract)","latinName":"Rheum rhaponticum","shortDescription":"ERr 731\u00ae is a standardized extract of Siberian rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum) root produced by Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Kurt Richter and used as the active ingredient in branded menopause products such as Estrovera. It contains a defined profile of hydroxystilbene glycosides (rhaponticin, desoxyrhaponticin, and their aglycones rhapontigenin and desoxyrhapontigenin) that act as selective estrogen receptor beta agonists rather than ER-alpha activators. Randomized placebo-controlled trials in perimenopausal women have shown reductions in hot flushes and Menopause Rating Scale scores. It is positioned for women seeking non-hormonal options for vasomotor and mood symptoms during the menopausal transition.","categories":["Women's Health","Menopause Support","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"euphoria-longana","name":"Euphoria longana (Longan Fruit Pulp Extract)","latinName":"Dimocarpus longan (syn. Euphoria longana)","shortDescription":"Euphoria longana, more commonly classified today as Dimocarpus longan, is the longan fruit native to southern Asia. Its dried fleshy aril, known in Traditional Chinese Medicine as Long Yan Rou or 'dragon eye flesh,' has been used for centuries to nourish the heart and spleen, calm the spirit, and support sleep, memory, and emotional balance in classical formulas. The pulp contains polyphenols, polysaccharides, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and corilagin that have been characterized in preclinical pharmacology studies for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sleep-supportive, and neuroprotective activity. Human clinical evidence is limited and traditional use dominates, so longan is best viewed as a supportive botanical within broader sleep, mood, or cognitive formulations.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"evodia-rutaecarpa","name":"Evodia rutaecarpa (Wu Zhu Yu)","latinName":"Tetradium ruticarpum (syn. Evodia rutaecarpa)","shortDescription":"Evodia rutaecarpa, known in Traditional Chinese Medicine as Wu Zhu Yu, is the unripe fruit of a small tree native to China and used for centuries in formulas addressing headache, abdominal pain, and digestive complaints. Its principal bioactive alkaloids, evodiamine and rutaecarpine, have been characterized as agonists of the TRPV1 vanilloid receptor and inhibitors of certain cytochrome P450 enzymes, producing thermogenic, vasorelaxant, GI motility, and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical models. While Evodia is included in many Chinese herbal prescriptions, modern human clinical evidence is sparse and high doses raise hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity concerns, so it is best used short-term under qualified guidance.","categories":["Gut Health","Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"gardenia-jasminoides","name":"Gardenia jasminoides (Zhi Zi)","latinName":"Gardenia jasminoides","shortDescription":"Gardenia jasminoides, known in Traditional Chinese Medicine as Zhi Zi, is the dried ripe fruit of the gardenia plant and a foundational herb in classical formulas for heat-clearing, calming irritability, and supporting liver and gallbladder function. Its principal bioactives include the iridoid glycoside geniposide (and its aglycone genipin) and the carotenoid pigments crocin and crocetin\u2014the same crocins found in saffron. These compounds have been characterized in preclinical research for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and antidepressant-like activity, with growing pharmacological literature on geniposide. Direct human clinical trials are lacking, but the preclinical and compound-level pharmacological literature (especially on geniposide) is substantial.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Liver Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"gastric-mucin","name":"Gastric Mucin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Gastric mucin is a high molecular weight glycoprotein component of the gastrointestinal mucus layer, typically sourced for supplement use from porcine or bovine stomach tissue. It is rich in sialic acid and other terminal sugars that contribute to the viscoelastic mucus barrier protecting the gastric and intestinal epithelium from acid, pepsin, and microbial adhesion. As a dietary ingredient, gastric mucin is used in select GI mucosal support formulations as a source of mucin glycoproteins and sialylated oligosaccharides. Direct supplement-level clinical trials in humans are sparse and the rationale draws primarily from basic glycobiology and mucosal barrier physiology rather than randomized intervention data.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"genistein","name":"Genistein","latinName":"Glycine max (primary dietary source)","shortDescription":"Genistein is the principal isoflavone found in soybeans and is one of the most extensively studied phytoestrogens. As a selective estrogen receptor beta-preferring ligand, it produces tissue-selective estrogenic effects that have been investigated for menopausal vasomotor symptoms, postmenopausal bone health, and cardiometabolic markers. The most notable clinical data come from Italian randomized trials using 54 mg per day of genistein aglycone in osteopenic postmenopausal women, showing improvements in bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, hot flash frequency, mood, and select cardiovascular risk markers over 12 to 24 months. Genistein is also widely studied in vitro for effects on prostate and breast cell biology.","categories":["Women's Health","Menopause Support","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"gentian-root","name":"Gentian Root","latinName":"Gentiana lutea","shortDescription":"Gentian root is the dried underground portion of Gentiana lutea, a tall yellow-flowered alpine plant native to the mountains of central and southern Europe. Famous for its intense bitter taste, it has been a foundational ingredient in European digestive bitters, aperitifs, and herbal tonics since Greco-Roman times. Its principal bioactives are secoiridoid bitter glycosides including amarogentin\u2014one of the most bitter natural compounds known\u2014along with gentiopicrin, swertiamarin, and the xanthones gentisin and isogentisin. Traditional use targets sluggish digestion, poor appetite, and dyspepsia, and modern research supports activation of bitter taste receptors and stimulation of gastric secretion. Most evidence remains pharmacognostic and traditional rather than from large modern trials.","categories":["Gut Health","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"genvida","name":"genVida\u00ae (non-soy genistein)","latinName":"Genistein (chemically and biotechnologically produced)","shortDescription":"genVida\u00ae is a branded non-soy form of pure genistein produced by DSM that delivers the same isoflavone phytoestrogen studied in landmark trials of soy-derived genistein, without the soy protein matrix. It is positioned for menopause, bone, and women's health formulations where a soy-free, allergen-friendly source of standardized genistein aglycone is desired. The branded ingredient leans on the broader genistein literature, including 12- to 24-month randomized trials in osteopenic postmenopausal women using approximately 54 mg per day that demonstrated improvements in bone mineral density, hot flash frequency, quality of life, and select cardiovascular risk markers. genVida is best understood as a delivery and sourcing innovation around the same molecule.","categories":["Women's Health","Menopause Support","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"glycomega","name":"GlycOmega\u2122 Green Lipped Mussel","latinName":"Perna canaliculus","shortDescription":"GlycOmega\u2122 is a branded freeze-dried whole green-lipped mussel powder produced by Aroma NZ from New Zealand Perna canaliculus. Unlike lipid-only extracts, the whole-mussel format retains the natural matrix of marine omega-3 fatty acids, glycosaminoglycans, proteins, and minor bioactives present in the mussel. Green-lipped mussel preparations have a substantial joint health literature, primarily focused on osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, with reductions in pain and stiffness reported in several studies, though a systematic review judged the overall evidence mixed and of variable quality. GlycOmega leans on the broader generic Perna canaliculus evidence base, particularly trials and systematic reviews evaluating whole-mussel powder formats for joint comfort in osteoarthritis.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"green-lipped-mussel","name":"Green-Lipped Mussel","latinName":"Perna canaliculus","shortDescription":"Green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) is a shellfish native to New Zealand traditionally consumed by Maori coastal communities and noted historically for low rates of joint complaints. As a supplement, it is delivered in two main formats: freeze-dried whole-mussel powder and concentrated lipid extracts such as Lyprinol\u00ae/PCSO-524\u00ae, which is enriched in marine omega-3 fatty acids and a unique profile of furan fatty acids and sterols. The ingredient has one of the more-studied marine ingredients for joint comfort, though systematic-review conclusions remain mixed, with randomized trials and exercise-recovery studies focused mainly on osteoarthritis and exercise-induced muscle damage. Evidence is strongest for the lipid extract format.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"hibiscus","name":"Hibiscus (Roselle)","latinName":"Hibiscus sabdariffa","shortDescription":"Hibiscus, also known as roselle or sour tea, is a tropical flowering plant whose deep-red calyces are brewed into tart, ruby-colored teas and used in traditional medicine across Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. The calyces are exceptionally rich in anthocyanins (especially delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside), organic acids, and polyphenols that give hibiscus its distinctive flavor and antioxidant profile. Modern clinical research has focused on hibiscus tea and standardized extracts for cardiovascular wellness, with multiple randomized trials and meta-analyses examining effects on blood pressure already in the high-normal range, lipid balance, and oxidative stress markers. It is widely consumed both as a daily beverage and as a concentrated supplement.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"hoki-roe","name":"Hoki Roe Powder","latinName":"Macruronus novaezelandiae","shortDescription":"Hoki roe powder, marketed under names such as Hokitiki and Tetra-PUFA, is a premium marine ingredient derived from the eggs of the New Zealand hoki, a deep-water whitefish sustainably harvested in the Southern Ocean. Like krill, hoki roe is naturally rich in omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids rather than triglycerides, a structural form that supports cellular uptake and bioavailability. It also contains choline, astaxanthin-like carotenoids, and marine peptides. Because hoki roe is a niche ingredient, direct human clinical evidence is limited, though it shares biochemical similarities with the better-studied krill oil category, which informs many of its proposed wellness applications. Manufacturers often highlight its sustainability credentials and the small particle size of its phospholipid-bound omega-3s.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"horsetail","name":"Horsetail","latinName":"Equisetum arvense","shortDescription":"Horsetail is one of the oldest plant lineages on Earth, with the genus Equisetum tracing back over 300 million years. The dried aerial parts of Equisetum arvense have been used for centuries in European and Asian herbal traditions for urinary, joint, hair, nail, and bone-related concerns. Horsetail is uniquely high in plant-based silica (often 5-8% by dry weight), along with flavonoids such as isoquercitrin, kaempferol glycosides, and small amounts of caffeic acid derivatives. The combination of silica and flavonoids underlies its traditional use as a mild diuretic and as a botanical for connective-tissue wellness. Modern clinical research is limited but includes small placebo-controlled trials on its diuretic activity and emerging work on its potential role in supporting bone metabolism and skin and nail strength.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Bone Health","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"human-milk-oligosaccharides","name":"Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex carbohydrates that are the third most abundant solid component of human breast milk, after lactose and lipids. More than 150 distinct HMO structures have been identified, with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) among the most studied. HMOs are not digested by the infant; instead, they reach the colon largely intact, where they selectively feed beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium infantis and act as decoys that bind pathogens and protect the developing immune system. Modern supplements use bioidentical HMOs produced by microbial fermentation, allowing children and adults outside of infancy to access these compounds. The evidence base is growing rapidly, with clinical trials in infants, children, and adults examining microbiome shifts, immune outcomes, and even cognitive endpoints.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"hydroxytyrosol","name":"Hydroxytyrosol","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Hydroxytyrosol is the principal phenolic compound found in olives and extra-virgin olive oil and is regarded as a potent natural antioxidant. It is generated during the hydrolysis of oleuropein, the bitter glycoside present in olive fruit and leaves. The European Food Safety Authority has authorized a health claim for olive oil polyphenols at a daily intake of at least 5 mg, recognizing their role in protecting blood lipids from oxidative stress. Hydroxytyrosol's small molecular size and amphiphilic nature allow it to cross cell membranes easily and exert direct antioxidant effects in both aqueous and lipid environments. Supplements typically deliver concentrated extracts from olive fruit or olive leaf that provide standardized amounts of hydroxytyrosol and other related polyphenols.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"inositol-hexanicotinate","name":"Inositol Hexanicotinate (IHN)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Inositol hexanicotinate (IHN), also known as inositol hexaniacinate or sold as 'no-flush niacin', is a compound consisting of six niacin molecules ester-linked to a single inositol molecule. It was developed in mid-20th-century Europe (where it is marketed as Hexopal) and was hoped to offer the cardiovascular and lipid effects of immediate-release niacin without the characteristic skin-flushing reaction. However, the bioavailability and clinical effects of IHN have proved controversial. Multiple pharmacokinetic studies have shown that IHN releases very little free nicotinic acid into circulation in humans, and head-to-head clinical trials have found that IHN does not meaningfully alter lipid parameters in the way that prescription immediate- or extended-release niacin does. Honest discussion of IHN therefore requires acknowledging that, despite widespread marketing, its evidence for lipid support is largely negative.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"jamun","name":"Jamun (Java Plum)","latinName":"Syzygium cumini","shortDescription":"Jamun, also called Java plum or black plum, is a tropical evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent whose deep-purple fruits and seeds have been used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine for more than 2,000 years, particularly for supporting healthy blood sugar. Both the fruit pulp and the powdered seeds are rich in anthocyanins (delphinidin and malvidin glycosides), ellagic acid, gallic acid, jambolin, and jamboline. The seed in particular has been the subject of multiple small clinical studies in India examining effects on fasting and postprandial glucose, while the whole-fruit extract has been studied for antioxidant and metabolic markers. Although individual trials are often small and methodologically limited, the consistency of traditional use and the depth of preclinical evidence have placed jamun among the better-known Ayurvedic botanicals for metabolic wellness.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Antioxidant","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"kakadu-plum","name":"Kakadu Plum (Gubinge)","latinName":"Terminalia ferdinandiana","shortDescription":"Kakadu plum, also known as gubinge or billygoat plum, is a small green fruit native to the Northern Territory and Kimberley region of Australia and a culturally significant food and medicine for Aboriginal peoples for tens of thousands of years. It is best known for its exceptionally high vitamin C content \u2014 typically 3,000-5,000 mg per 100 g of fresh fruit, the highest natural concentration documented in any food. Beyond vitamin C, Kakadu plum is rich in ellagic acid, gallic acid, ellagitannins, and other phenolics that give it strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Most existing research is compositional or preclinical, characterizing its nutrient profile and in vitro bioactivity, with growing interest in its potential as a functional food ingredient. Direct human clinical trial evidence remains limited, so claims should remain modest and grounded in its nutrient density.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"kalanchoe","name":"Kalanchoe","latinName":"Kalanchoe pinnata","shortDescription":"Kalanchoe pinnata, sometimes called the 'life plant' or 'miracle leaf,' is a succulent native to Madagascar that has spread throughout tropical regions of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. In traditional Brazilian, Caribbean, Indian, and Asian medicine, its fleshy leaves have been used as poultices and infusions for skin concerns, wound care, and general wellness. Phytochemical analyses have identified flavonoids (such as quercetin and kaempferol glycosides), bufadienolides, triterpenes, and phenolic acids in the leaves. The bufadienolide content gives Kalanchoe pharmacological interest but also potential cardiac safety concerns at high doses. Most modern research consists of in vitro and animal studies covering antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities; well-designed human clinical trials are still very limited, so use should remain modest and informed.","categories":["Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"kre-alkalyn","name":"Kre-Alkalyn","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Kre-Alkalyn is a patented, pH-buffered form of creatine monohydrate produced by All American Pharmaceutical and marketed as 'no loading, no bloat, no GI upset' creatine. The manufacturer's stated premise is that creatine monohydrate is unstable in stomach acid and converts to inactive creatinine, and that buffering the molecule preserves it intact. However, head-to-head human trial evidence does not support claims of superiority: rigorous comparisons in resistance-trained athletes found Kre-Alkalyn produced equivalent gains in muscle creatine, body composition, strength, and side-effect profile to standard creatine monohydrate, with no meaningful safety difference. For honest evaluation, Kre-Alkalyn should be viewed as a creatine monohydrate product whose specific superiority claims (faster, cleaner, no loading) are not supported by the head-to-head data, while the underlying creatine still provides the same well-established ergogenic benefits.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lactoferrin","name":"Lactoferrin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Lactoferrin is an 80-kDa iron-binding glycoprotein found in mammalian milk, tears, saliva, and the secondary granules of neutrophils. Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) is the most widely supplemented form and shares roughly 70% sequence homology with human lactoferrin while retaining its core iron-chelating and immunomodulatory activities. As a nutraceutical, lactoferrin is studied for its ability to help maintain healthy iron status, support innate immune defense at mucosal surfaces, and modulate the gut microbiota. Concentrations are typically delivered as 100-300 mg of orally bioavailable bLF that resists partial digestion and exerts activity in the gastrointestinal tract, where lactoferrin receptors have been characterized on enterocytes.","categories":["Immune Support","Women's Health","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"l-arabinose","name":"L-Arabinose","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Arabinose is a naturally occurring pentose (five-carbon) sugar found in plant cell wall polysaccharides such as hemicelluloses and pectins. Unlike glucose or fructose, L-arabinose is poorly absorbed in the human small intestine and is best known nutritionally as a selective, non-competitive inhibitor of intestinal sucrase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose. By blunting sucrase activity, L-arabinose can help moderate the postprandial blood glucose and insulin response to sucrose-containing meals. It is typically used at small co-ingested doses (often 3-4% of the sucrose load) to support healthy glycemic responses and is being explored for metabolic and weight-management applications.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"l-hydroxyproline","name":"L-Hydroxyproline","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"L-Hydroxyproline (trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline) is a non-essential, post-translationally modified imino acid that accounts for roughly 13% of the amino acid residues in mammalian collagen. It is generated within the body by prolyl 4-hydroxylase enzymes acting on proline residues in nascent collagen chains, a reaction requiring vitamin C, iron, and 2-oxoglutarate. Because hydroxyproline is largely unique to collagen and elastin, it is widely used as a biochemical marker of collagen turnover and is found in supplements alongside collagen peptides, glycine, and proline to support connective-tissue metabolism. Direct supplementation data on isolated hydroxyproline in humans remain limited, with most evidence coming from collagen-peptide and amino-acid co-ingestion studies.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ligusticum-chuanxiong","name":"Ligusticum Chuanxiong (Chuan Xiong)","latinName":"Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.","shortDescription":"Ligusticum chuanxiong, known as Chuan Xiong in traditional Chinese medicine, is a perennial herb in the Apiaceae family whose dried rhizomes have been used for centuries to support circulation, ease menstrual discomfort, and address headaches. Its phytochemistry is dominated by alkylphthalides (notably ligustilide and senkyunolides), the alkaloid tetramethylpyrazine (also called ligustrazine or TMP), and various phenolic acids such as ferulic acid. Modern research focuses on the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and anti-inflammatory activities of tetramethylpyrazine and ligustilide, which are explored in both preclinical models and Chinese clinical settings, often as injectable or standardized extracts.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lipowheat","name":"Lipowheat (Ceramosides)","latinName":"Triticum vulgare","shortDescription":"Lipowheat, also marketed as Ceramosides, is a patented wheat-extract oil rich in plant-derived ceramides and digalactosyldiacylglycerols developed for oral skin-care applications. Ceramides are sphingolipids that constitute approximately half of the intercellular lipid matrix of the stratum corneum, the outermost skin layer responsible for the skin barrier. Levels of skin ceramides typically decline with age, sun exposure, and dryness. Oral wheat ceramide supplementation has been investigated for its ability to help maintain skin hydration, smoothness, and barrier function. Lipowheat is standardized for ceramide content and is typically delivered in soft-gel capsules providing 30-100 mg of wheat ceramide oil per day.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"long-pepper","name":"Long Pepper (Pippali)","latinName":"Piper longum L.","shortDescription":"Piper longum, known as long pepper or pippali, is a flowering vine in the Piperaceae family whose dried unripe fruits have been used for millennia in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine. It shares many phytochemicals with black pepper (Piper nigrum), including the alkaloid piperine, but is particularly rich in piperlongumine (piplartine) and various amides. Long pepper is best known as a bioenhancer, helping support the absorption and bioavailability of co-administered nutrients and botanicals, and has classical use in Ayurvedic respiratory and digestive formulas. Modern research focuses on its piperine-mediated effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes and the broader pharmacology of piperlongumine in preclinical models.","categories":["Gut Health","Respiratory Health","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lucuma","name":"Lucuma","latinName":"Pouteria lucuma","shortDescription":"Lucuma is the fruit of Pouteria lucuma, an evergreen tree native to the Andean valleys of Peru, Ecuador, and Chile. The yellow-orange flesh has a distinctive maple-caramel flavor and is traditionally consumed fresh or as a powdered, low-temperature-dried ingredient. Nutritionally, lucuma provides carbohydrates (including resistant starch and fiber), beta-carotene and other carotenoids, vitamin C, niacin, and small amounts of minerals. As a supplement and functional-food ingredient, lucuma powder is often marketed as a low-glycemic natural sweetener and a source of antioxidant phytochemicals. Direct human supplementation trials are sparse, with most evidence coming from food-composition analyses and preliminary in vitro work.","categories":["Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lycium-fruit","name":"Lycium Fruit (Goji Berry)","latinName":"Lycium barbarum L.","shortDescription":"Lycium fruit, commonly called goji or wolfberry, is the bright red-orange berry of Lycium barbarum and the closely related Lycium chinense, deciduous shrubs in the Solanaceae family native to East Asia. Used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine to support vitality, vision, and longevity, goji is now widely consumed as a dried fruit, juice, or standardized extract. The signature bioactive compounds are Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), accompanied by carotenoids notably zeaxanthin dipalmitate (the highest natural source of zeaxanthin), flavonoids, betaine, and vitamin C. Modern clinical research focuses on antioxidant capacity, subjective well-being, and macular pigment and eye-health outcomes with standardized goji preparations.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"maizinol","name":"Maizinol","latinName":"Zea mays","shortDescription":"Maizinol is a branded corn-derived concentrate of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin extracted from yellow corn (Zea mays). Lutein and zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids that, together with meso-zeaxanthin, constitute the macular pigment of the retina, where they filter high-energy visible (blue) light and quench reactive oxygen species. They also accumulate in skin and contribute to its defense against UV-induced oxidative stress. While direct trials on the Maizinol brand are limited, the parent lutein and zeaxanthin literature is extensive and supports their role in helping maintain visual performance, macular pigment, and skin photoprotective capacity at typical supplemental doses.","categories":["Eye Health","Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"mangiferin","name":"Mangiferin","latinName":"Mangifera indica","shortDescription":"Mangiferin is a xanthone C-glycoside found primarily in the leaves, bark, kernels, and fruit of the mango tree (Mangifera indica), as well as in mango ginger and a few other plants. Its distinctive C-glucosyl xanthone structure confers strong antioxidant and metal-chelating activity and unusual metabolic stability compared with most flavonoids. Mango-bark extracts standardized for mangiferin (notably the Cuban Vimang preparation) have been investigated clinically for inflammatory and oxidative-stress conditions, while mango-leaf extracts standardized to higher mangiferin content (such as Zynamite) have been studied for cognitive and exercise performance. Mangiferin is also of growing interest for its effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in preclinical and small clinical studies.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"maqui-berry","name":"Maqui Berry (MaquiBright\u00ae)","latinName":"Aristotelia chilensis","shortDescription":"Maqui berry is a small dark-purple fruit native to the Patagonian rainforests of Chile and Argentina, harvested for centuries by the Mapuche people. It contains one of the highest concentrations of anthocyanins of any known fruit, dominated by delphinidin-3-sambubioside-5-glucoside and delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside, giving it exceptional ORAC values. Standardized extracts such as MaquiBright\u00ae (35% total anthocyanins, delphinidin-rich) have been studied in Japanese ophthalmic trials for tear production in adults with dry eye symptoms. Additional preliminary research explores postprandial glucose modulation, lipid profile support, and systemic antioxidant capacity through inhibition of ROS generation.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"marshmallow-root","name":"Marshmallow Root","latinName":"Althaea officinalis","shortDescription":"Marshmallow root has been used in European traditional medicine since ancient Greek and Roman times, primarily for soothing irritated mucous membranes of the throat, airways, and digestive tract. The root contains 5-10% mucilage polysaccharides, predominantly rhamnogalacturonans and arabinogalactans, which form a viscous protective film over inflamed mucosa when hydrated. Modern phytotherapy uses standardized aqueous extracts and lozenges to support comfort during dry irritating cough, sore throat, and minor digestive irritation. The European Medicines Agency includes marshmallow root in its herbal monograph for these traditional uses. Mucilage adhesion to buccal epithelium has been documented in vitro.","categories":["Respiratory Health","Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"methylselenocysteine","name":"Se-Methylselenocysteine (MSC)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) is a naturally occurring methylated selenoamino acid found in selenium-accumulating plants including garlic, broccoli sprouts, onions, and Brazil nuts. Unlike selenomethionine, which is non-specifically incorporated into body proteins, MSC enters a direct enzymatic pathway via beta-lyase to generate methylselenol (CH3SeH), an active selenium species implicated in cellular antioxidant defense and selenium-dependent enzyme support. Preclinical animal studies, particularly in chemically-induced rat mammary models, have shown chemopreventive activity, leading to interest in MSC as a structured selenium delivery form. Human bioavailability data confirm efficient absorption and tissue distribution.","categories":["Antioxidant","Longevity","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"millet-sprout","name":"Millet Sprout Powder","latinName":"Eleusine coracana / Pennisetum glaucum (sprouted)","shortDescription":"Millet sprout powder is produced by controlled germination of small-grain cereals such as finger millet (Eleusine coracana), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), or foxtail millet, followed by drying and milling. The sprouting process increases bioavailability of minerals (calcium, iron, zinc) by reducing phytate content, raises free amino acid and reducing sugar levels, and amplifies certain polyphenols and flavonoids relative to the un-sprouted grain. Millets have a long history as resilient staple grains across Africa and South Asia, and are gluten-free. Direct human supplement RCTs on isolated millet sprout powder are limited; most evidence derives from whole-millet feeding studies and in vitro phytochemistry of sprouted grains.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Gut Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"minerallogic-mlg-50","name":"MineralLogic MLG-50\u00ae","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MineralLogic MLG-50\u00ae is a branded fulvic and humic acid mineral complex marketed as a plant-source ionic trace mineral concentrate marketed as derived from ancient plant deposits. Fulvic and humic substances are low-molecular-weight organic acids formed by microbial decomposition of plant matter over geological timescales, known to chelate and transport minerals across plant and biological membranes. Marketing claims focus on enhanced bioavailability and cellular uptake of trace minerals, but these are based on fulvic-acid chelation chemistry rather than on human trials of MLG-50\u00ae itself. Direct branded clinical evidence on MLG-50\u00ae specifically is very limited; most scientific literature relates to broader fulvic acid pharmacology, mineral chelation chemistry, and emerging investigations of humic substances in nutrition and dermatology.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"nutmeg","name":"Nutmeg","latinName":"Myristica fragrans","shortDescription":"Nutmeg, the dried seed of Myristica fragrans, is both a culinary spice and a traditional medicinal botanical in Ayurveda, Unani, and Southeast Asian systems. Its essential oil contains myristicin, elemicin, eugenol, safrole, and various monoterpenes, while the seed also provides lignans and macelignan. Traditional uses span digestive comfort (carminative), occasional sleep support, and oral health. Modern preclinical research highlights antioxidant, sedative, and antimicrobial activities, with small human trials exploring sleep and digestive endpoints. Critical safety: while small culinary and standardized supplement doses (~250-500 mg extract) are considered safe, intentional ingestion of large amounts of raw nutmeg (typically >5 g, equivalent to ~1-2 whole nutmegs) produces dose-dependent psychoactive, anticholinergic, and hepatotoxic effects, with documented cases of severe toxicity and rare fatalities. Nutmeg products must be used strictly at label-recommended doses.","categories":["Sleep Health","Gut Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"oat-fiber","name":"Oat Fiber","latinName":"Avena sativa","shortDescription":"Oat fiber is an insoluble, cellulose-rich dietary fiber milled from oat hulls (the outer husk of the oat grain), distinct from the soluble beta-glucan fiber of oat bran or oatmeal. It is typically more than 85-95% total dietary fiber, predominantly insoluble cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, with minimal carbohydrate, fat, or protein content. As a concentrated insoluble fiber, oat fiber adds non-fermentable bulk to stool, supports water retention in the colon, and helps maintain regular bowel function. It is widely used as a baking ingredient in keto and low-carb foods to improve texture and fiber content. Specific oat fiber clinical trials are limited compared to oat beta-glucan, so most evidence comes from the broader insoluble fiber literature on constipation and stool bulking.","categories":["Gut Health","Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"okra-extract","name":"Okra Extract","latinName":"Abelmoschus esculentus","shortDescription":"Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), also known as lady's finger or bhindi, is a flowering vegetable cultivated across Africa, South Asia, and the Americas. Its characteristic mucilaginous texture comes from soluble fiber rich in galacturonic acid, rhamnose, and glucose polysaccharides. Okra also contains flavonoids (quercetin and isoquercitrin), polyphenols, and small amounts of vitamins. In traditional South Asian and Iranian folk medicine, okra has been used for digestive support and to help manage blood sugar levels. Modern clinical research, particularly an Iranian clinical trial alongside preclinical Indian research, has explored powdered okra and standardized extracts for supporting healthy postprandial glucose response and lipid markers in adults with type 2 diabetes.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Gut Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ophiopogon-japonicus","name":"Ophiopogon japonicus (Mai Men Dong)","latinName":"Ophiopogon japonicus","shortDescription":"Ophiopogon japonicus, known as Mai Men Dong in Traditional Chinese Medicine, is a small lily-family perennial whose tuberous roots have been used for over two millennia as a yin-tonic herb. Classical TCM applications include moistening dryness of the lung, supporting respiratory comfort with dry cough, and addressing heart yin deficiency patterns. The roots contain steroidal saponins (ophiopogonins A-D), homoisoflavonoids (methylophiopogonanone A, ophiopogonone), polysaccharides, and beta-sitosterol. Modern pharmacology research is largely preclinical, with cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and respiratory effects documented in animal models. Direct PubMed-indexed human trials on isolated Ophiopogon japonicus are limited, with most clinical evidence coming from multi-herb TCM formulas where it is a component.","categories":["Respiratory Health","Cardiovascular","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"oyster-extract","name":"Oyster Extract","latinName":"Crassostrea gigas","shortDescription":"Oyster extract is a nutrient-dense marine ingredient produced from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) or similar species, typically by enzymatic or aqueous extraction followed by concentration and drying. It is one of the richest natural sources of bioavailable zinc, also providing taurine, glycogen, free amino acids (including glycine, alanine, and glutamic acid), copper, iron, vitamin B12, and trace selenium. Japanese functional-food research has investigated oyster extract for fatigue support, recovery, hepatic function, and zinc status in men, leveraging its dense zinc and amino acid profile, though these remain preliminary and largely industry- or region-specific. Western human trials of the extract itself are scarce; the nutrient-composition rationale is well established, but that rationale reflects oyster extract's nutrient content rather than proven clinical effects of the extract.","categories":["Men's Health","Energy","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"panmol-nadh","name":"PANMOL\u00ae NADH Micro","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PANMOL\u00ae NADH Micro is a branded, microencapsulated, orally-stabilized form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) developed by MSE Pharmazeutika and distributed by Vitabasix. NADH is the bioactive coenzyme form of vitamin B3 (niacin) that drives mitochondrial ATP production via the electron transport chain. Stabilization technology protects NADH from degradation by gastric acid so a larger fraction reaches systemic circulation than with unprotected powder. Marketed for cellular energy, jet lag, mental clarity, and supporting daytime energy in those with chronic fatigue. Evidence is limited but includes a small placebo-controlled CFS trial and several Parkinson's disease pilot studies from Birkmayer's group.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"paraxanthine","name":"Paraxanthine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine) is the primary metabolite of caffeine \u2014 approximately 84% of ingested caffeine is converted to paraxanthine by hepatic CYP1A2. Unlike caffeine, paraxanthine has a shorter half-life, similar adenosine-receptor antagonism, and is reported in some studies to produce smoother cognitive arousal with less anxiety, jitter, and HPA-axis activation. It has emerged as a stand-alone supplement ingredient distinct from branded forms (FastBliss\u00ae, enfinity\u00ae) and has been studied for acute cognition, attention, short-term memory, and post-exercise mental clarity. Mood and anxiety-modulation claims rest on smaller trials from a single research group; independent replication is still developing.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pau-darco","name":"Pau D'Arco Bark Extract","latinName":"Tabebuia avellanedae / Handroanthus impetiginosus","shortDescription":"Pau D'Arco (also called Lapacho or Taheebo) is the inner bark of South American trees in the Tabebuia/Handroanthus genus, used in traditional Brazilian and indigenous medicine. Its major bioactives are naphthoquinones \u2014 most notably lapachol and beta-lapachone \u2014 which exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activity in preclinical (cell and animal) studies. Lapachol itself was advanced into a National Cancer Institute Phase I anticancer trial but was withdrawn from further development because of unacceptable systemic toxicity, including prothrombin-time prolongation consistent with anti-vitamin-K effects. Modern supplement use is largely traditional; rigorous human evidence is sparse. Use bark-only commercial extracts at modest doses and avoid in pregnancy or when anticoagulated.","categories":["Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"pea-hull-fiber","name":"Pea Hull Fiber","latinName":"Pisum sativum","shortDescription":"Pea hull fiber is the insoluble cellulose-rich outer coat of the yellow pea, recovered as a functional food ingredient during pea protein processing. It is approximately 85-95% total dietary fiber, dominated by insoluble cellulose, hemicellulose, and minor pectin. Unlike soluble fibers (psyllium, beta-glucan), pea hull fiber is poorly fermented and acts mainly as a bulking and stool-forming agent. It is widely used in baked goods, meat extenders, beverages, and supplements as a calorie-light fiber source. Human satiety and glucose-modulating data are mixed but small trials have shown acute appetite suppression and improved bowel regularity at gram-scale doses. It is generally considered safe and well-tolerated.","categories":["Gut Health","Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"pea-protein-isolate","name":"Pea Protein Isolate","latinName":"Pisum sativum","shortDescription":"Pea protein isolate is a concentrated (80-90% protein by dry weight) plant protein from yellow split peas, manufactured by aqueous or alkaline extraction followed by isoelectric precipitation. It provides a complete amino acid profile, though it is lower in methionine and slightly lower in leucine than whey. Pea protein has been studied for muscle building during resistance training, post-exercise recovery, and as a satiating protein source for weight management. Clinical trials have demonstrated comparable muscle thickness gains versus whey when total daily protein is matched. It is hypoallergenic (no dairy, soy, or gluten), digests well, and has become the default plant-protein choice for vegan athletes and dairy-intolerant consumers.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pentadecanoic-acid","name":"Pentadecanoic Acid (C15:0)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) is an odd-chain saturated fatty acid found naturally in dairy fat, some plants, and certain fish. Historically considered nutritionally inert, recent research \u2014 much of it from Stephanie Venn-Watson's group (founders of the Fatty15 brand) \u2014 has proposed that C15:0 may function as a previously overlooked essential fatty acid with broad cellular health benefits. Published work has shown C15:0 activity across mitochondrial repair, anti-inflammatory signaling, AMPK and PPAR pathway modulation, and antifibrotic effects in cell-based assays. Independent confirmation of essentiality status is still developing and the framework is debated in the lipid science community. Used as a single-compound supplement at modest mg doses; safety data is generally favorable.","categories":["Longevity","Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"peptidase","name":"Peptidase (Digestive Enzyme Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Peptidase supplements contain proteolytic enzymes \u2014 most commonly fungal proteases and prolyl endopeptidases derived from Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger \u2014 that hydrolyze dietary proteins into smaller peptides and free amino acids. They are marketed for general digestion, post-meal comfort, and accidental gluten or casein exposure in sensitive populations. The most studied enzymes in this class are AN-PEP (Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase) and AoS28 enzymes from Aspergillus oryzae, which target proline-rich peptide regions of gliadin (gluten) and casein. These enzymes do not 'cure' celiac disease and cannot replace a gluten-free diet, but in vitro and small clinical work suggests they can degrade modest gluten quantities during digestion. Sparse direct supplement RCT evidence; mechanism is well characterized.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"perilla","name":"Perilla Leaf Extract (Shiso)","latinName":"Perilla frutescens","shortDescription":"Perilla (shiso) is a Lamiaceae family herb widely used as a culinary and medicinal plant in Japan, Korea, and China. Leaf extracts standardized to rosmarinic acid and luteolin have been studied for seasonal allergic rhinitis, anti-inflammatory activity, with any cognitive effects reported only in preclinical (cell and animal) models rather than human trials. The most cited human evidence comes from a placebo-controlled trial showing reduced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms with a rosmarinic-acid-enriched extract, along with reduced neutrophil and eosinophil nasal infiltration. Preclinical work supports antioxidant and neuroprotective activity in cognition models. The seed oil is also used as an omega-3 (ALA) source. Generally well-tolerated; the herb has a long culinary safety record.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Respiratory Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"phenylethylamine","name":"Phenylethylamine (\u03b2-PEA)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Phenylethylamine (\u03b2-PEA) is an endogenous trace amine and naturally occurring monoamine present in the human brain at low concentrations. It is found in foods including chocolate and aged cheeses. PEA is legal as a dietary supplement and is structurally a primary amine \u2014 not an amphetamine \u2014 but it shares some monoaminergic effects (transient mood elevation, alertness). Critically, oral PEA has an extremely short half-life of under 5 minutes due to rapid degradation by monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), so subjective effects from a typical supplement dose are very brief unless combined with an MAO inhibitor (which carries serious safety risk and is not recommended). Antidepressant benefit has been reported only when PEA was paired with an MAO-B inhibitor. Use claims should remain modest given the rapid metabolism.","categories":["Mood & Mental Health","Energy","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"phyllanthus-niruri","name":"Phyllanthus niruri (Chanca Piedra)","latinName":"Phyllanthus niruri","shortDescription":"Phyllanthus niruri \u2014 known as Chanca Piedra ('stone breaker') in South America \u2014 is a small tropical herb with a long folk-medicine tradition for urinary tract stones, liver complaints, and viral infections. Its active compounds include lignans (phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin), flavonoids, and ellagitannins. Best clinical evidence to date supports use for calcium-stone-forming patients: an RCT showed Phyllanthus niruri normalized elevated urinary calcium without major adverse effects. Hepatoprotective and antiviral activity has been documented in laboratory and animal studies, with some hepatitis B work in humans; however, Cochrane and other systematic reviews have found the antiviral evidence equivocal and not sufficient to recommend the herb as hepatitis treatment. Generally well-tolerated for short-term use; modern interest centers on urolithiasis and general hepatoprotection.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"picrorhiza-kurroa","name":"Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki)","latinName":"Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.","shortDescription":"Picrorhiza kurroa, known in Ayurveda as Kutki or Katuki, is a small Himalayan herb whose dried root and rhizome have been used for centuries to support liver function, digestion, and immune balance. Its bitter taste reflects a mix of iridoid glycosides collectively called kutkin, with picroside I, picroside II, and kutkoside as the most studied constituents. Indian randomized trials in acute viral hepatitis and a body of preclinical hepatoprotective work have shaped its reputation, and an extensive review literature surrounds picroliv, a standardized active fraction. It is most often used as a short-term hepatic and digestive support botanical in traditional and integrative formulations, with caveats around standardization, sustainability, and lack of rigorous chronic hepatitis B trial evidence.","categories":["Liver Health","Immune Support","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"puerarin","name":"Puerarin","latinName":"Pueraria lobata (kudzu root isoflavone)","shortDescription":"Puerarin is the most abundant C-glycosylated isoflavone in the root of Pueraria lobata (kudzu) and the single phytochemical responsible for much of kudzu's pharmacology. In China it is widely used as an injectable adjunct for ischemic heart disease, angina, and ischemic stroke, while oral puerarin and standardized kudzu isoflavone extracts have been investigated in small Western trials as adjuncts to reduce alcohol consumption in heavy drinkers. It shows vasodilatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activity in preclinical models, and a growing preclinical literature describes effects on cerebral ischemia, cardiac remodeling, and glucose metabolism. Oral bioavailability is limited, so most clinical interest centers on standardized extracts or injectable formulations rather than isolated oral puerarin in supplement form.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"rhapontic-rhubarb","name":"Rhapontic Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum root extract)","latinName":"Rheum rhaponticum L.","shortDescription":"Rhapontic rhubarb is the root of Rheum rhaponticum, a non-laxative species of rhubarb used as a source of hydroxystilbene glycosides such as rhaponticin and desoxyrhaponticin and their aglycones rhapontigenin and desoxyrhapontigenin. The strongest clinical evidence for this botanical comes from the standardized ERr 731 branded extract, which has been studied in placebo-controlled trials of perimenopausal women and shown to reduce Menopause Rating Scale scores, hot flushes, and night sweats through selective estrogen receptor beta activation. Generic rhapontic rhubarb extracts on the supplement market typically lack the same level of analytical standardization and controlled trial evidence, so this entry frames generic rhubarb root as a category whose most rigorous human data are tied to the ERr 731 form rather than to unstandardized commodity extracts.","categories":["Women's Health","Menopause Support","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"rooibos","name":"Rooibos (Red Bush Tea)","latinName":"Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren","shortDescription":"Rooibos, the red bush of South Africa's Cederberg region, is a caffeine-free herbal tea produced from the leaves and stems of Aspalathus linearis. Its naturally low tannin content and characteristic polyphenols, including the dihydrochalcones aspalathin and nothofagin, give it a unique antioxidant profile compared to Camellia sinensis teas. The most rigorous human evidence concerns lipid profiles and oxidative stress in adults at cardiovascular risk, while preclinical and translational work explores aspalathin's effects on glucose handling, hepatic insulin signaling, and vascular function. Both traditional fermented and unfermented green rooibos are consumed, with green rooibos extracts more concentrated in aspalathin. Rooibos is generally well tolerated and is widely used as an everyday beverage and a polyphenol source in cardiovascular and metabolic-support formulations.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"rosamox","name":"Rosamox (rosemary-based antioxidant)","latinName":"Rosmarinus officinalis L. (syn. Salvia rosmarinus)","shortDescription":"Rosamox is a branded rosemary leaf extract marketed by Kemin Industries as a natural antioxidant for foods, cosmetics, and personal-care products rather than as a clinically positioned dietary supplement. It is derived from non-GMO rosemary cultivars selected to provide consistent levels of carnosic acid and carnosol, the two diterpenes that account for the majority of rosemary's antioxidant activity, and is obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction. As an ingredient it is most commonly used to delay lipid oxidation in oils, sauces, meats, and topical formulations, with positioning as a clean-label alternative to synthetic antioxidants such as BHT and tocopheryl acetate. Clinical research on rosemary diterpenes is mostly preclinical and food-science focused, so this entry should be read as an ingredient profile rather than a clinical supplement with its own trial base; broader clinical evidence on rosemary extract sits with separate Rosmarinus officinalis entries.","categories":["Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"rose-essential-oil","name":"Rose Essential Oil","latinName":"Rosa damascena Mill. (Damask rose); also Rosa centifolia L.","shortDescription":"Rose essential oil is a steam-distilled volatile oil from the petals of Rosa damascena, the Damask rose, and to a lesser extent Rosa centifolia, the cabbage rose. It is one of the most studied aromatherapy oils for relaxation, mood, and pain support, and its complex chemistry includes citronellol, geraniol, nerol, phenylethyl alcohol, and trace amounts of stearoptene constituents. Small randomized aromatherapy trials suggest that inhaled or topically applied Damask rose oil can help reduce state anxiety, perceived pain, and physiological arousal in settings such as labor, preoperative anxiety, and dysmenorrhea, while an evidence review found broadly favorable effects across multiple clinical trials. Effects are modest and short-term, the volume of high-quality research is still small, and rose essential oil is intended for external aromatherapy or carefully diluted topical use rather than oral consumption.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"sacha-inchi","name":"Sacha Inchi","latinName":"Plukenetia volubilis L.","shortDescription":"Sacha inchi, the Amazonian 'Inca peanut,' is the seed of Plukenetia volubilis, a vine traditionally cultivated by indigenous communities in Peru, Ecuador, and surrounding regions. The roasted seed is consumed as a snack while cold-pressed sacha inchi oil is rich in alpha-linolenic acid, the plant-based omega-3 fatty acid that the body uses as a precursor for longer-chain EPA and DHA. The oil typically contains more than 45 percent ALA along with significant linoleic acid and a natural complement of tocopherols. Direct human randomized trial evidence is limited, but small studies in hyperlipidemic adults show improvements in total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, and HDL, and pharmacokinetic work demonstrates that ALA from sacha inchi oil is well absorbed and modestly elevates plasma DHA. It is best framed as a plant-based omega-3 source for those who avoid fish, with effects that are biologically plausible and supported by mechanism but still under-studied at the trial level.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"salacia-reticulata","name":"Salacia reticulata (Kothala Himbutu)","latinName":"Salacia reticulata Wight (closely related: Salacia oblonga, Salacia chinensis)","shortDescription":"Salacia reticulata, known in Sinhalese as Kothala Himbutu, is a woody vine native to Sri Lanka and southern India. Its root, root bark, and stem have been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine for diabetes and metabolic complaints. The plant contains a distinctive set of sulfonium-sulfate compounds, including salacinol, kotalanol, and de-O-sulfonated variants, which act as potent inhibitors of intestinal alpha-glucosidase enzymes that break down dietary carbohydrate. Acute postprandial glucose trials in healthy adults and patients with type 2 diabetes show that Salacia extracts blunt blood sugar and insulin rises after carbohydrate-rich meals, while longer 6- and 12-week interventions report improvements in fasting glucose, lipid profiles, and HbA1c in selected populations. The plant is closely related to Salacia oblonga and Salacia chinensis, which share alpha-glucosidase-inhibiting actives and have been studied in parallel Japanese and Western clinical programs.","categories":["Metabolic Health","GLP-1 Support","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"sarsaparilla","name":"Sarsaparilla","latinName":"Smilax ornata Lem.; also Smilax regelii, Smilax medica, Smilax glabra","shortDescription":"Sarsaparilla is a common name for several climbing vines of the genus Smilax, most notably Smilax ornata (Jamaican sarsaparilla), Smilax regelii (Honduran), and Smilax medica (Mexican), with East Asian Smilax glabra used in traditional Chinese medicine. The dried root contains steroidal saponins including sarsasaponin, smilasaponin, and sarsaparilloside, along with phytosterols such as sitosterol and stigmasterol. Traditional uses span skin support, joint comfort, and so-called blood purification, and the root was historically a flavoring base for root-beer-style beverages. Modern human clinical evidence is sparse and largely indirect; the best peer-reviewed data are animal anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies of Smilax ornata extracts and steroidal saponin pharmacognosy reviews. Sarsaparilla is therefore best framed as a traditional botanical with mechanistic interest but limited direct human trial evidence.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"satsuma-mandarin","name":"Satsuma Mandarin (\u03b2-Cryptoxanthin source)","latinName":"Citrus unshiu (Swingle) Marcow.","shortDescription":"The satsuma mandarin, Citrus unshiu, is a Japanese mandarin variety distinguished by its unusually high content of \u03b2-cryptoxanthin, an orange-pigmented carotenoid that occurs widely in citrus, peppers, and persimmons. Among commonly eaten foods, satsuma mandarin is one of the richest \u03b2-cryptoxanthin sources in the world, and the long-running MIKKABI prospective cohort in Shizuoka, Japan has linked higher serum \u03b2-cryptoxanthin to lower osteoporosis risk and slower bone loss in postmenopausal women. Mechanistic work shows \u03b2-cryptoxanthin stimulates osteoblast activity and inhibits osteoclast bone resorption, alongside roles in vitamin A precursor metabolism, antioxidant defense, and immune modulation. Most direct human evidence comes from Japanese cohort and biomarker studies of satsuma mandarin juice and \u03b2-cryptoxanthin intake, while large randomized supplementation trials remain limited.","categories":["Bone Health","Antioxidant","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"scutellaria-baicalensis","name":"Baikal Skullcap","latinName":"Scutellaria baicalensis","shortDescription":"Baikal skullcap is the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis (Huang Qin), a flagship Chinese traditional medicinal herb whose flavonoid-rich profile is dominated by baicalin, baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A. Standardized extracts have been explored for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral signaling effects, with the most rigorous modern oncology work centered on PHY906, a four-herb decoction in which Baikal skullcap is the principal component and which has been studied as an adjunct intended to reduce gastrointestinal toxicity from irinotecan-based chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer. Hepatic safety has been an active topic following the 2017 FDA-related withdrawal of a flavocoxid-containing combination product from the US market, so dose discipline and source quality remain important.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"scutellaria-lateriflora","name":"American Skullcap","latinName":"Scutellaria lateriflora","shortDescription":"American skullcap is a mint-family herb whose dried aerial parts contain a phytochemical profile distinct from its Asian cousin Scutellaria baicalensis, with characteristic flavonoids including baicalin, scutellarin, dihydrobaicalin and the GABA-active flavonoid wogonin. It has a long traditional use in Eclectic and modern Western herbalism as a nervine, and small randomized trials have evaluated its acute anxiolytic and mood-supporting effects in healthy adults. Preclinical work indicates modulatory activity at GABA-A receptors, providing a plausible mechanistic basis for the calm, relaxed states described by traditional practitioners and users.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sea-cucumber","name":"Sea Cucumber","latinName":"Stichopus / Holothuria spp.","shortDescription":"Sea cucumber is the dried body wall of marine echinoderms in the genera Stichopus and Holothuria, prized in East and Southeast Asian cuisine and traditional medicine. Its principal bioactive fraction is a family of structurally unique glycosaminoglycans called fucosylated chondroitin sulfates, alongside triterpene saponins (frondoside, holothurin) and fucoidans. These molecules have been investigated for joint comfort, anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties in preclinical and small clinical settings. Modern joint-support formulations sometimes use sea cucumber as a marine glycosaminoglycan source complementary to bovine chondroitin.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"semen-ziziphi-spinosae","name":"Suan Zao Ren (Spine Date Seed)","latinName":"Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa","shortDescription":"Suan Zao Ren is the dried ripe seed of the wild jujube (Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa), one of the most prescribed traditional Chinese sleep botanicals and the namesake ingredient in the classical formula Suan Zao Ren Tang. Its principal bioactives are the saponins jujubosides A and B, the C-glycoside flavonoid spinosin, and small amounts of betulinic acid. Preclinical work has documented effects on the serotonergic and GABA-A receptor systems in models of insomnia and anxiety, and small clinical studies and systematic reviews of Suan Zao Ren Tang in primary insomnia have produced encouraging but methodologically limited evidence.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"senna","name":"Senna","latinName":"Senna alexandrina (Cassia angustifolia)","shortDescription":"Senna is a stimulant laxative derived from the dried leaves and pods of Senna alexandrina (Cassia angustifolia). Its laxative effect comes from anthraquinone glycosides called sennosides, principally sennosides A and B, which are hydrolyzed by colonic bacteria into active rhein anthrones that stimulate peristalsis and alter water and electrolyte transport in the large intestine. Senna is well-established for short-term relief of occasional constipation and is included in palliative-care and opioid-induced constipation guidelines. It is important to use senna only as needed and for the shortest necessary time, as chronic daily use carries documented risks including cathartic colon, melanosis coli and electrolyte disturbances, and it is not a daily fiber supplement.","categories":["Gut Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sensoriltrim","name":"SensorilTrim","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"SensorilTrim is a branded weight-management blend from Natreon that combines Sensoril ashwagandha (a high-withanolide Withania somnifera extract standardized for stress and metabolic support) with Capros amla (a low-tannin Phyllanthus emblica extract studied for cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors). The combination is intended to address two interconnected drivers of midsection weight gain in modern populations: chronic stress with elevated cortisol, and dyslipidemia with oxidative stress. Most published clinical work covers each component individually rather than the SensorilTrim combination itself, so user expectations should be set with respect to the parent-ingredient literature rather than a dedicated branded trial program.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"synephrine","name":"p-Synephrine (Bitter Orange)","latinName":"Citrus aurantium","shortDescription":"p-Synephrine is the main protoalkaloid in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), commonly extracted from the immature fruit and used as a thermogenic ingredient in weight-management and pre-workout products. Despite occasional confusion with ephedrine in older media coverage, p-synephrine has very different pharmacology: at typical supplement doses it is a relatively selective beta-3 adrenergic agonist with minimal CNS penetration and modest hemodynamic effects, in contrast to the powerful CNS and cardiovascular activity of ephedrine and Ma huang. Multiple modern reviews defend its safety profile, while the NCAA bans synephrine for competition. Stacked use with high-dose caffeine remains the highest-risk pattern.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"theobromine","name":"Theobromine","latinName":"Theobroma cacao","shortDescription":"Theobromine is the principal methylxanthine in cocoa, present in concentrations roughly seven times those of caffeine in dry cocoa solids. It is a long-acting, mild stimulant with weak adenosine-receptor antagonism, distinct from caffeine in pharmacology: it has a slower onset, longer half-life, and a much gentler central effect, while producing more pronounced peripheral vasodilation and modest blood-pressure-lowering effects. Theobromine has been studied as a contributor to the cardiovascular and mood effects of cocoa, with controlled human trials reporting acute reductions in blood pressure and dose-dependent effects on lipid profiles, particularly HDL-cholesterol.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"vitashine","name":"Vitashine Vegan Vitamin D3","latinName":"Cladonia rangiferina (lichen)","shortDescription":"Vitashine is a vegan-suitable vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) sourced from lichen rather than the more common lanolin-derived material. Chemically, the cholecalciferol molecule is identical regardless of source, so the body recognizes, metabolizes and uses lichen-derived D3 in the same way as lanolin-derived D3. Vitashine is the principal commercial vegan D3 ingredient and is suitable for vegan and vegetarian formulations including chewable, softgel and oral-spray products. The broader clinical evidence base for cholecalciferol covers bone health, immune support, muscle function and overall vitamin D status, all of which apply to lichen-sourced product on the basis of molecular identity.","categories":["Bone Health","Immune Support","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"wellmune","name":"Wellmune (Yeast Beta-Glucan)","latinName":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","shortDescription":"Wellmune is a baker's yeast beta-1,3/1,6-D-glucan derived from a proprietary strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is one of the most clinically studied immune-support ingredients. The branded ingredient has been evaluated in randomized controlled trials of athletes, stressed adults and older adults for prevention or modulation of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, mood state during stress, and mucosal and innate immune markers. A meta-analysis of yeast beta-glucan RCTs concluded that supplementation may significantly reduce URTI incidence with a favorable safety profile, while individual Wellmune trials \u2014 several of which were industry-funded and used small samples with self-reported symptoms \u2014 have shown reductions in cold and flu symptom days and improvements in salivary IgA after intense exercise.","categories":["Immune Support","Athletic Performance","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"fortigel","name":"FORTIGEL\u00ae Bioactive Collagen Peptides","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"FORTIGEL\u00ae is a branded bioactive collagen peptide ingredient by Gelita AG, manufactured through a proprietary enzymatic hydrolysis of type I collagen to produce a specific peptide profile optimized to stimulate chondrocyte activity and cartilage matrix synthesis. Distinct from generic collagen hydrolysate and from sister Gelita brands VERISOL\u00ae (skin) and FORTIBONE\u00ae (bone), FORTIGEL\u00ae is targeted at joint health and has been studied in athletes and adults with functional knee discomfort. A 24-week randomized controlled trial in 139 athletes showed that 5 g/day of FORTIGEL\u00ae significantly improved activity-related knee joint discomfort compared with placebo, supporting its use in active adults seeking joint comfort and mobility support.","categories":["Joint Health","Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"fortibone","name":"FORTIBONE\u00ae Bioactive Collagen Peptides","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"FORTIBONE\u00ae is a branded bioactive collagen peptide ingredient by Gelita AG, manufactured through a proprietary enzymatic hydrolysis of type I collagen to produce a specific peptide profile designed to stimulate osteoblast collagen synthesis and support bone mineral density. Distinct from generic collagen hydrolysate and from sister Gelita brands VERISOL\u00ae (skin) and FORTIGEL\u00ae (joints), FORTIBONE\u00ae is targeted at postmenopausal women and other adults seeking bone health support. A 12-month randomized controlled trial in postmenopausal women with reduced bone mineral density showed that 5 g/day of FORTIBONE\u00ae significantly increased lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD compared with placebo, with favorable changes in bone formation markers.","categories":["Bone Health","Women's Health","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"whey-protein-isolate","name":"Whey Protein Isolate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Whey protein isolate (WPI) is a high-purity dairy protein produced from the liquid whey fraction left after cheese production, then filtered to \u226590 percent protein with very low lactose and fat. WPI delivers all nine essential amino acids in a highly bioavailable form and is particularly rich in branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, the key trigger of muscle protein synthesis. Established reviews and position stands from the International Society of Sports Nutrition support adequate, high-quality protein intake spread across the day to support resistance-training adaptation, lean mass maintenance, and healthy aging, with whey protein consistently rated among the most effective per-gram sources. WPI is widely used by athletes, active adults, and older adults seeking efficient muscle and recovery support.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"whey-protein-hydrolysate","name":"Whey Protein Hydrolysate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) is whey protein that has been enzymatically pre-digested into smaller peptides and free amino acids, producing faster gastrointestinal absorption, a higher and earlier insulin response, and reduced allergenicity compared with intact whey. Like other whey forms, WPH is rich in essential and branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, the key trigger of muscle protein synthesis. Controlled studies show that WPH can accelerate post-exercise recovery of muscle function and produce sharper peaks in plasma amino acids and insulin than native whey, making it of particular interest to athletes recovering between training sessions and to active adults seeking rapid amino acid delivery in the post-workout window.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"white-oak-bark","name":"White Oak Bark","latinName":"Quercus alba / Quercus robur","shortDescription":"White oak bark is the inner and outer bark of Quercus alba (American white oak) and the related European Quercus robur. It is rich in hydrolyzable and condensed tannins (including ellagitannins and procyanidins) that give it strong astringent properties \u2014 the ability to precipitate proteins and tighten mucosal surfaces. Traditional and pharmacopeial monographs (including ESCOP and German Commission E for Quercus species) describe topical use of oak bark decoctions for inflammatory skin conditions and as a sitz bath or wash for mild anorectal complaints, and limited internal use for non-specific acute diarrhea. Direct clinical trial data in humans are very sparse, so use should be brief and guided by traditional dosing and safety conventions.","categories":["Gut Health","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"white-willow-bark","name":"White Willow Bark","latinName":"Salix alba","shortDescription":"White willow bark is the bark of Salix alba and related willow species, used for centuries as a traditional analgesic and the historical precursor to aspirin. It contains salicin and related salicylates that are metabolized in the body to salicylic acid, the same active metabolite as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), along with flavonoids and polyphenols that may contribute additional anti-inflammatory activity. Standardized willow bark extracts providing approximately 120-240 mg of salicin per day have been studied in randomized controlled trials for low back pain and osteoarthritis, with the higher dose producing greater pain relief than placebo. Because of its salicylate content, white willow bark shares the safety precautions of aspirin, including bleeding and Reye-syndrome risk.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"xos","name":"Xylooligosaccharides (XOS)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are short-chain prebiotic carbohydrates produced from plant arabinoxylan sources such as corn cobs, wheat bran, or birch wood, typically containing 2-7 xylose units linked by beta-1,4 bonds. XOS are fermented preferentially by Bifidobacterium species in the colon, increasing bifidobacterial counts at very low effective doses \u2014 often as little as 1-2 grams per day \u2014 compared with many other prebiotics. Randomized controlled trials in healthy adults have shown that daily XOS supplementation can increase fecal bifidobacteria, modulate selected immune markers, and improve aspects of bowel function with generally good tolerability. XOS is widely used in functional foods, prebiotic blends, and gut-health supplements.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cluster-dextrin","name":"Cluster Dextrin\u00ae (Highly Branched Cyclic Dextrin)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Cluster Dextrin\u00ae (Glico Nutrition Co. Ltd., Japan) is the branded form of highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) \u2014 an enzymatically processed corn-starch carbohydrate engineered for sports nutrition. Manufactured via a branching enzyme that creates a highly branched cyclic alpha-1,4 glucan with a narrow molecular weight distribution, Cluster Dextrin\u00ae exhibits exceptionally low osmolality and rapid gastric emptying compared with maltodextrin and sucrose. This combination of properties supports faster fluid delivery, less GI distress during exercise, and sustained energy availability \u2014 making HBCD a preferred intra-workout carbohydrate for endurance and combat-sport athletes who need to fuel without nausea or osmotic discomfort.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"creapure","name":"Creapure\u00ae (Pharmaceutical-Grade Creatine Monohydrate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Creapure\u00ae (AlzChem Trostberg GmbH, Germany) is the branded ultra-pure creatine monohydrate manufactured to a minimum 99.99% purity standard, with controlled levels of contaminants such as dicyandiamide, dihydrotriazine, and creatinine. Produced in a dedicated single-source facility in Bavaria and certified under multiple anti-doping and food-safety programs, Creapure\u00ae is one of the high-purity grades commonly used in academic creatine research, though it is creatine monohydrate as a form \u2014 not this particular brand \u2014 that serves as the reference against which other creatine products are compared. While the active molecule is identical to generic creatine monohydrate, the ~500+ creatine clinical trials supporting strength, lean mass, and power were conducted with creatine monohydrate as a form rather than this specific brand \u2014 the benefit derives from the identical active molecule, not from Creapure's proprietary purity or manufacturing controls, which are quality attributes. Cognitive and brain-energy effects are more modest and still emerging.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":5,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bimuno-gos","name":"Bimuno\u00ae Galactooligosaccharides (B-GOS)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Bimuno\u00ae (Clasado BioSciences) is a branded second-generation galactooligosaccharide (B-GOS) prebiotic produced enzymatically from lactose using the \u03b2-galactosidase of Bifidobacterium bifidum. The resulting trans-galactooligosaccharide mixture is a selective substrate for beneficial gut bifidobacteria and has been used in human trials targeting irritable bowel syndrome, traveller's diarrhea, immune function in older adults, and stress and cortisol awakening response. Unlike first-generation GOS, B-GOS is characterized by a specific bifidogenic glycosidic profile that has been the focus of multiple peer-reviewed clinical trials, most of which were conducted by the same affiliated research group (Gibson, Tzortzis and colleagues at Reading University / Clasado) and have not been widely replicated by independent teams.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"bc30","name":"BC30\u00ae (GanedenBC30\u00ae Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086)","latinName":"Bacillus coagulans","shortDescription":"BC30\u00ae (originally GanedenBC30\u00ae, now part of Kerry Group following the Ganeden acquisition) is the patented Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 probiotic \u2014 a spore-forming, lactic acid-producing organism selected for exceptional manufacturing and gastric stability. The spore form survives heat, pressure, and acidic environments, then germinates in the small intestine to deliver active probiotic activity. Over 30 published human trials investigate BC30\u00ae across gas and bloating, irritable bowel symptoms, immune function, exercise-related muscle damage and recovery, and protein/amino acid absorption \u2014 making it one of the best-documented spore-forming probiotic strains.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"tonalin-cla","name":"Tonalin\u00ae CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Tonalin\u00ae (ADM / BASF) is the most-studied branded conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) preparation \u2014 an ~80% isomer mixture of c9,t11 and t10,c12 conjugated linoleic acid produced from non-GMO safflower oil. The c9,t11 and t10,c12 isomers have distinct biological actions: the t10,c12 form is associated with reductions in body fat mass while c9,t11 is associated with metabolic effects. Long-term human trials with Tonalin\u00ae CLA show modest reductions in body fat mass in overweight adults, although meta-analyses indicate effect sizes are small and there are documented cardiometabolic safety signals \u2014 including HDL cholesterol decreases and signals of insulin resistance and oxidative stress in some trials \u2014 that should be weighed when considering long-term use.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"ferrochel","name":"FerroChel\u00ae (Ferrous Bisglycinate Chelate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"FerroChel\u00ae (Albion Minerals, now part of Balchem) is the patented ferrous bisglycinate chelate \u2014 an iron salt in which each Fe\u00b2\u207a ion is chelated to two glycine molecules forming a stable, electrically neutral complex. Compared with conventional ferrous sulfate, FerroChel\u00ae shows several-fold higher absorption in some food matrices, is less affected by phytates and polyphenols, and consistently produces fewer gastrointestinal complaints (constipation, nausea, dark stool, metallic taste). The chelated structure protects the iron through the upper GI tract, supporting both bioavailability and tolerability for use in routine iron supplementation and food fortification.","categories":["Women's Health","Energy","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"sharp-ps","name":"Sharp-PS\u00ae (Soy-Free Sunflower Phosphatidylserine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sharp-PS\u00ae (Enzymotec, now part of Frutarom / IFF) is the leading branded sunflower-derived phosphatidylserine \u2014 a soy-free PS produced enzymatically from sunflower lecithin. Phosphatidylserine is an essential phospholipid concentrated in neuronal cell membranes that supports membrane fluidity, neurotransmitter release, and HPA-axis regulation. Much of the foundational phosphatidylserine clinical research \u2014 including the HPA-axis stress and eccentric-exercise recovery trials \u2014 used soy-derived PS; Sharp-PS\u00ae provides the same phosphatidylserine molecule from a soy-free sunflower source, and Enzymotec's PS-Omega-3 (Sharp-PS\u00ae Green) has been evaluated in memory trials in older adults. As a non-soy ingredient, Sharp-PS\u00ae is preferred for allergen-sensitive consumers and clean-label formulations.","categories":["Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"k2vital","name":"K2VITAL\u00ae (All-Trans Vitamin K2 MK-7)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"K2VITAL\u00ae (Kappa Bioscience, Norway) is a synthetically produced vitamin K2 as menaquinone-7 (MK-7) standardized to >99% all-trans isomer purity. The all-trans configuration is the biologically active form; cis-isomer impurities are inactive and dilute potency. K2VITAL\u00ae offers high purity, stable potency across shelf life, and dedicated stabilized formats (K2VITAL\u00ae Delta) designed to resist degradation when co-formulated with reactive minerals such as calcium and magnesium. MK-7's long plasma half-life (~3 days) supports once-daily dosing, and the active form supports bone mineralization and vascular health via vitamin-K-dependent carboxylation of osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein.","categories":["Bone Health","Cardiovascular","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"4-hydroxy-l-isoleucine","name":"4-Hydroxy-L-Isoleucine","latinName":"Trigonella foenum-graecum","shortDescription":"4-Hydroxy-L-Isoleucine (4-OH-Ile) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid found in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds at roughly 0.5\u20131% of seed weight. It is the leading candidate molecule behind fenugreek's traditional anti-diabetic reputation, acting as a glucose-dependent insulinotropic agent \u2014 meaning it stimulates pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion only in the presence of elevated blood glucose, reducing the theoretical risk of hypoglycemia compared with broad insulin secretagogues. NNB Nutrition and several specialty ingredient suppliers produce standardized 4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine extracts targeting glycemic control and post-workout glucose disposal applications, although robust standalone human evidence remains limited.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"benicaros","name":"Benicaros\u2122 (Carrot Rhamnogalacturonan-I Prebiotic)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Benicaros\u2122 (NutriLeads) is a carrot pomace-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I (cRG-I) prebiotic \u2014 a specific pectic polysaccharide isolated from carrot side-streams using a proprietary extraction process. Unlike traditional fiber-style prebiotics that operate primarily through bulk fermentation and short-chain fatty acid production, cRG-I appears to act through both microbiota modulation and direct immune signalling in the gut, accelerating innate antiviral interferon responses at remarkably low doses (~0.3 g/day in human respiratory-infection trials). The first randomized human trials of cRG-I show reduced symptom severity and duration of common cold-type illness when supplemented in advance of rhinovirus exposure.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"oligut","name":"Oligut\u2122 (Branded Oligosaccharide Prebiotic)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Oligut\u2122 is a branded oligosaccharide prebiotic ingredient marketed for digestive and microbiota support. As a non-digestible carbohydrate complex, it is intended to act as a selectively fermented substrate for beneficial colonic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. Published peer-reviewed clinical data on the specific Oligut\u2122 trademark is very limited, and the mechanistic rationale draws primarily on the broader oligosaccharide and prebiotic literature. Consumers should view branded-specific claims cautiously and recognize that most evidence-based prebiotic effects come from broader studies on fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), and inulin-type fibers rather than from Oligut\u2122-specific trials.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cordyfuel","name":"CordyFuel\u2122 (Branded Cordyceps Extract)","latinName":"Cordyceps sinensis / Cordyceps militaris","shortDescription":"CordyFuel\u2122 is a branded cordyceps extract positioned for energy, stamina, and athletic performance support. Independent peer-reviewed clinical trials of the specific CordyFuel\u2122 trademark are very limited in PubMed-indexed literature, so most evidence-based rationale derives from broader cordyceps research on Cordyceps sinensis (Cs-4 cultured strain) and Cordyceps militaris. Class-level human trials suggest modest improvements in ventilatory threshold, time to exhaustion, and oxygen utilization, particularly in older adults and recreational athletes. Brand-specific outcomes for CordyFuel\u2122 should be considered preliminary until independent trials are published.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"meratrim","name":"Meratrim\u00ae (Sphaeranthus indicus + Garcinia mangostana)","latinName":"Sphaeranthus indicus + Garcinia mangostana","shortDescription":"Meratrim\u00ae is a proprietary 50:50 herbal blend of Sphaeranthus indicus flower heads and Garcinia mangostana fruit rinds, developed by InterHealth Nutraceuticals (now part of Lonza) for weight management. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials report reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist and hip circumference at 800 mg/day in overweight adults. Important caveat: the most-cited Meratrim\u00ae RCTs are industry-sponsored by InterHealth/Lonza, and fully independent replication outside the sponsor's commercial network is limited. Consumers should weigh the positive trial data against the sponsorship pattern and treat the evidence base as suggestive but not yet definitively replicated.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sinetrol","name":"Sinetrol\u00ae (Citrus Polyphenol Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sinetrol is a proprietary citrus polyphenol blend by Fytexia combining sweet orange, blood orange, and grapefruit extracts standardized for polyphenols and naringin, plus a small amount of guarana-derived caffeine. Originally characterized in vitro as an inhibitor of cAMP-phosphodiesterase that supports lipolysis, the ingredient has been studied in overweight adults at 900-1,400 mg/day, reporting reductions in waist and hip circumference and abdominal fat alongside diet and lifestyle support. The clinical trial program is industry-led, and the effect sizes, while statistically significant, are modest and best framed as adjunct support to diet and exercise rather than a standalone weight-loss treatment.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"satiereal","name":"Satiereal\u00ae (Standardized Saffron Extract for Snacking Control)","latinName":"Crocus sativus","shortDescription":"Satiereal\u00ae is a standardized saffron stigma extract developed by Inoreal for appetite and snacking-control support. Distinct from generic saffron extracts and from mood-focused branded saffron variants such as Affron\u00ae and Safr'Inside, Satiereal\u00ae was characterized in an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in mildly overweight women, where 176.5 mg/day reduced snacking frequency and produced modest reductions in body weight versus placebo. A separate trial in coronary artery disease patients also reported reduced appetite and dietary intake with saffron extract and crocin. The evidence base is small but specifically supports a snacking-control positioning rather than significant standalone weight loss, and should be framed honestly within those limits.","categories":["Weight Management","Mood & Mental Health","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"mobilee","name":"Mobilee\u00ae (High-Molecular-Weight Oral Hyaluronic Acid Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Mobilee\u00ae is a Bioiberica-developed oral joint-health ingredient combining high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (\u224860-70%) with polysaccharides and a collagen-stimulating fraction, derived from rooster comb extract. Distinct from generic oral hyaluronic acid, Mobilee\u00ae has been studied in randomized human trials in adults with mild knee discomfort, including a low-fat yoghurt-delivered RCT that reported improvements in muscle strength indicators and pain measures, and a transcriptomics-anchored study using the Mobilee\u00ae formulation specifically. The trial program is industry-supported and the evidence base is modest; positioning is best framed as joint-comfort and muscle-joint function support rather than as a disease-modifying intervention.","categories":["Joint Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bcm-95","name":"BCM-95\u00ae / Curcugreen\u00ae (Bioavailable Standardized Curcumin)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"BCM-95\u00ae \u2014 now rebranded as Curcugreen\u00ae \u2014 is a standardized turmeric extract developed by Arjuna Natural that combines curcuminoids (95%) with turmeric essential oil rich in ar-turmerone. The added essential oil substantially improves curcumin bioavailability and plasma half-life compared with standard 95% curcumin, with a foundational bioavailability cross-over reporting roughly 6.9-fold relative bioavailability vs unformulated curcumin. The branded extract has been evaluated in randomized trials including a small trial in adults with low mood that used fluoxetine only as an active comparator and a joint-comfort trial that used ibuprofen only as an active comparator (the joint trial used a generic turmeric extract, not BCM-95 itself). Evidence is moderate and includes both industry-supported and independent work, with positioning anchored in bioavailability and joint and mood applications.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"tetrahydrocurcumin","name":"Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC, 'White Curcumin')","latinName":"Curcuma longa (reduced metabolite)","shortDescription":"Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) \u2014 often called 'white curcumin' \u2014 is the colorless reduced metabolite of curcumin, generated in vivo by gut microbiota and intestinal enzymes that hydrogenate curcumin's two C=C double bonds, and also produced commercially via hydrogenation for direct supplement use. Preclinical work in diabetic and inflammatory models suggests THC retains and in some cases enhances curcumin's antioxidant activity while being more chemically stable and water-compatible than the parent compound. Despite frequent marketing claims about THC's superiority, the human clinical evidence base remains thin compared with standard curcumin or with branded bioavailability-enhanced curcumins, and most supporting data are preclinical. Honest positioning treats THC as a mechanistically interesting reduced metabolite with promising in vitro and animal data but limited human trial evidence.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"gugulipid","name":"Gugulipid\u00ae (Standardized Commiphora mukul Extract)","latinName":"Commiphora mukul","shortDescription":"Gugulipid\u00ae is a standardized extract of the gum resin of Commiphora mukul (the guggul tree), historically standardized for Z- and E-guggulsterones and originally developed in India for cholesterol management. Older Indian trials reported reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. Critical framing: a US randomized controlled trial found the opposite \u2014 Gugulipid did not lower LDL and in fact modestly raised LDL cholesterol versus placebo in a Western dietary context. Subsequent independent US replication has been disappointing, and a systematic review concluded that the cholesterol-lowering claim has not been robustly substantiated. Modern positioning should be honest: gugulipid is a traditional Ayurvedic resin with mixed and largely non-replicated cholesterol evidence rather than a confirmed lipid-lowering agent.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"lacprodan","name":"Lacprodan\u00ae (Branded Family of Hydrolyzed Whey and Milk Proteins)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Lacprodan\u00ae is a branded family of hydrolyzed whey and milk protein ingredients developed by Arla Foods Ingredients for clinical and sports nutrition formulations. Variants include Lacprodan\u00ae ALPHA-50 (alpha-lactalbumin-enriched whey), Lacprodan\u00ae DI-3092 (an extensively hydrolyzed whey designed to be near-completely soluble and rapidly absorbed), and Lacprodan\u00ae HYDRO.365 (a sports-targeted hydrolyzed whey enriched in di- and tri-peptides). The general scientific rationale draws on whey protein literature, including evidence that hydrolyzed whey produces faster amino acid appearance and a stronger insulinotropic response than intact whey, that blood amino acid availability \u2014 particularly leucine \u2014 drives muscle protein synthesis, and that animal-derived proteins typically out-perform plant proteins on a per-gram basis for the post-exercise muscle anabolic response. Brand-specific RCTs on each Lacprodan\u00ae variant are more limited than the class-level evidence and should be interpreted accordingly.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cardiomega","name":"Cardiomega\u2122","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Cardiomega\u2122 is a Natreon-branded cardiovascular formulation built around Capros\u00ae standardized amla (Phyllanthus emblica) extract \u2014 a galloyl-tannin-rich concentrate with emblicanin A and B \u2014 the clinically studied anchor of the blend for healthy lipid metabolism and oxidative balance. The direct branded clinical literature for the finished Cardiomega\u2122 blend is limited; most of the supporting evidence comes from human trials on its anchor ingredient, Capros\u00ae/Amlamax-class amla extract, which has been shown to improve endothelial function, lower markers of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), lower hsCRP, and support a healthier lipid profile in overweight adults and people with type 2 diabetes.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"amlamax","name":"Amlamax\u2122","latinName":"Phyllanthus emblica","shortDescription":"Amlamax\u2122 is a Natreon-branded standardized extract of Emblica officinalis (Indian gooseberry, amla) \u2014 a galloyl-tannin-rich concentrate that is a sister ingredient to Capros\u00ae. The extract is standardized for low-molecular-weight hydrolyzable tannins (emblicanin A and B, gallic acid, punigluconin) and delivers amla's traditional rasayana profile in a reproducible clinical-grade form. Human RCTs of the Amlamax/Capros class of amla extracts show improvements in endothelial function, oxidative stress markers, hsCRP, and lipid profile in adults with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and overweight/class-1 obesity at daily doses of 250\u2013500 mg twice daily for 12 weeks.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"crominex-3-plus","name":"Crominex\u00ae 3+","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Crominex\u00ae 3+ is a Natreon-branded chromium complex that combines chromium polynicotinate with Capros\u00ae standardized amla extract and PrimaVie\u00ae purified shilajit. The three components are positioned as complementary: chromium polynicotinate for insulin signaling, amla polyphenols for endothelial and oxidative support, and shilajit fulvic acid for mineral cofactor delivery. Direct human trials of the finished Crominex\u00ae 3+ blend have been published \u2014 including a 12-week randomized controlled trial in adults with multiple metabolic syndrome risk factors \u2014 supplemented by extensive evidence on each of the constituent ingredients separately. Chromium-only RCTs in type 2 diabetes are mixed, so the formula leans on the synergistic case across all three actives.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"rhodiolife","name":"Rhodiolife\u00ae","latinName":"Rhodiola rosea","shortDescription":"Rhodiolife\u00ae is a Nektium Pharma branded standardized extract of Rhodiola rosea root, sustainably sourced from high-altitude regions and standardized to \u22653% rosavins and \u22651% salidroside \u2014 the active marker ratio used in much of the modern Rhodiola clinical literature. As an adaptogen, Rhodiola rosea has been studied for stress-related fatigue, mild anxiety, generalized anxiety symptoms, depression, mental performance under stress, and endurance, with the bulk of RCTs using extracts standardized to this rosavin/salidroside profile. The Rhodiolife\u00ae standardization corresponds to the same compound profile used in the published trials, even though many of those trials used the SHR-5 extract rather than Rhodiolife\u00ae specifically.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health","Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"sucrosomial-iron","name":"Sucrosomial\u00ae Iron","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sucrosomial\u00ae Iron is a Pharmanutra/Alesco-developed delivery form of ferric pyrophosphate microencapsulated in a phospholipid bilayer plus sucrester matrix. The encapsulation is designed to bypass the gastric environment and the divalent-metal-transporter 1 (DMT1) absorption bottleneck, taking up iron through M-cells and macrophages of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. This produces high bioavailability with notably lower gastrointestinal distress compared with traditional ferrous-iron salts, and human trials show it is effective for iron-deficiency anemia in chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, oncology, and ulcerative colitis populations where conventional oral iron is often poorly tolerated.","categories":["Women's Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"palatinose","name":"Palatinose\u2122 (Isomaltulose)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Palatinose\u2122 is Beneo's branded enzymatically rearranged sucrose \u2014 an alpha-1,6-linked disaccharide of glucose and fructose, commonly named isomaltulose. The alpha-1,6 bond is hydrolyzed by intestinal isomaltase several times more slowly than the alpha-1,2 bond of sucrose, producing a low-glycemic carbohydrate that is fully digested and absorbed but releases glucose into circulation gradually. In randomized human trials, isomaltulose produces a flatter postprandial glucose and insulin curve than sucrose or maltodextrin, sustains blood glucose during prolonged exercise, supports higher fat oxidation during cycling, and is being explored as a carbohydrate of choice for people with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Athletic Performance","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"hydromax","name":"HydroMax\u00ae","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"HydroMax\u00ae is a Glanbia/CarboCorp 65% glycerol powder \u2014 a high-yield encapsulated glycerol designed for sports-nutrition use where pre-exercise hyperhydration and within-cell water retention are wanted. Glycerol is an osmotically active small alcohol that, when ingested with sufficient fluid, draws water into the intravascular and intracellular compartments and supports body-water retention during prolonged exercise in the heat. The bulk of the supporting evidence is on glycerol itself as an ingredient: a 2010 narrative review and guidelines paper, a 2007 meta-analysis of glycerol hyperhydration on fluid retention and endurance performance, and acute pre-exercise RCTs in cycling and mountain-bike racing all support glycerol as an effective hyperhydration agent.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"glycerpump","name":"GlycerPump\u2122","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GlycerPump\u2122 is an NNB Nutrition branded 65% glycerol powder positioned as a competitor to HydroMax\u00ae in the pre-workout and intra-workout sports-nutrition market. It is a relatively recent branded glycerol product, and there are no independent peer-reviewed clinical trials of the branded GlycerPump\u2122 powder specifically \u2014 the evidence base is the broader glycerol and glycerol-hyperhydration literature showing glycerol's effects on body-water retention and endurance performance. Its use rests on the assumption that glycerol-class powders behave similarly when standardized to ~65% glycerol content.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"glycersize","name":"GlycerSize\u2122","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GlycerSize\u2122 is a Pinnacle Ingredients branded 65% glycerol powder marketed as an alternative to HydroMax\u00ae and GlycerPump\u2122 in the sports-nutrition category. As with GlycerPump\u2122, GlycerSize\u2122 is a relatively recent branded glycerol product, and as of this writing there are no independent peer-reviewed clinical trials of branded GlycerSize\u2122 specifically \u2014 its evidence base is the broader glycerol and glycerol-hyperhydration literature, including a 2010 narrative review and 2007 meta-analysis showing glycerol's effects on body-water retention and endurance performance. Its use rests on the equivalence assumption: glycerol-class powders standardized to ~65% glycerol content should behave similarly to each other.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"altilix","name":"Altilix\u00ae","latinName":"Cynara cardunculus","shortDescription":"Altilix\u00ae is a Bionap-branded standardized extract of Cynara cardunculus \u2014 the wild cardoon, a Mediterranean Asteraceae species distinct from the closely related Cynara scolymus (globe artichoke). The extract is rich in polyphenols including chlorogenic acid and the flavone luteolin, and has been clinically evaluated for cardiometabolic endpoints in metabolic syndrome and pre-obesity. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials of Altilix\u00ae at 150 mg/day for 6 months have shown improvements in body weight, glycemic markers, lipid profile, liver function markers, carotid intima-media thickness, and flow-mediated dilation in metabolic syndrome and pre-obese adults.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Liver Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"oleocanthal","name":"Oleocanthal","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Oleocanthal is a phenylethyl ester of elenolic acid and one of the most distinctive minor polyphenols in fresh extra-virgin olive oil \u2014 responsible for the characteristic peppery throat sting of high-quality EVOO. Mechanistic interest centers on its dose-dependent inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 with a potency and profile likened to ibuprofen. Subsequent preclinical work has explored anti-inflammatory effects, neuroprotection (including enhanced clearance of beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease models), and selective cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. The human evidence remains thin \u2014 most data are mechanistic, in vitro, or animal \u2014 so claims should be framed cautiously even though dietary EVOO intake is well-supported by Mediterranean-diet outcome research.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Cardiovascular","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"butyracare","name":"ButyraCare\u2122 (Tributyrin Butyrate Delivery)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"ButyraCare\u2122 is a branded butyrate delivery system that uses tributyrin \u2014 a triglyceride of butyric acid \u2014 as a stable, odor-controlled source of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. Tributyrin is hydrolyzed by lipases in the gut to liberate butyrate beyond the upper GI tract, supporting delivery to the colon where butyrate serves as the preferred energy substrate for colonocytes. Branded clinical data specifically on ButyraCare\u2122 is sparse, so most evidence is drawn from the broader tributyrin and short-chain-fatty-acid literature, which links butyrate exposure to intestinal barrier function, regulatory immune signaling, and microbiota metabolism. Positioned as a gut-health and inflammation-support ingredient rather than a disease treatment.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"jointiq","name":"JointIQ\u00ae (Branded Multi-Ingredient Joint Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"JointIQ\u00ae is a branded multi-ingredient joint health complex marketed for joint comfort, mobility, and connective tissue support. Branded formulations of this type commonly combine evidence-supported joint ingredients such as undenatured type II collagen (UC-II\u00ae), collagen peptides, or standardized herbal extracts. Independent peer-reviewed clinical data specifically on JointIQ\u00ae is not currently visible in PubMed-indexed literature, so honest positioning leans on the parent-ingredient evidence base for the constituents disclosed on the product label rather than direct branded trials. For specifics, consult the manufacturer's published specifications and any available clinical study summaries.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zylaria","name":"Zylaria\u00ae (Xylaria nigripes Mycelium Extract)","latinName":"Xylaria nigripes","shortDescription":"Zylaria\u00ae (Vesta Pharmaceuticals) is a branded aqueous extract of Xylaria nigripes mycelium, a termite-nest-associated fungus used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as Wu Ling Shen (\u4e4c\u9748\u53c2) for sleep and emotional balance. Clinical data on Xylaria nigripes preparations include placebo-controlled trials of the related Wuling capsule in insomnia and of Xylaria nigripes for depressive symptoms in adults with epilepsy. The fungus contains amino acids, polysaccharides, and small molecules hypothesized to support GABAergic signaling and the HPA-axis stress response. Branded Zylaria\u00ae trials remain limited, so positioning leans on the parent-species clinical literature combined with the supplier's product specification.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cordycepsprime","name":"CordycepsPrime\u2122 (Branded Cordyceps Extract)","latinName":"Cordyceps sinensis / Cordyceps militaris","shortDescription":"CordycepsPrime\u2122 is a branded cordyceps preparation positioned for energy, exercise tolerance, and respiratory support. Direct peer-reviewed clinical data on CordycepsPrime\u2122 specifically is sparse; honest positioning leans on the broader cordyceps literature \u2014 most notably trials of Cordyceps militaris extracts evaluating VO2max and tolerance to high-intensity exercise, alongside older trials of Cordyceps sinensis blends in endurance athletes. Cordyceps preparations vary substantially in species, growing substrate, and bioactive profile (adenosine, cordycepin, polysaccharides), so cross-product extrapolation should be cautious. Consumers should consult the CordycepsPrime\u2122 specification sheet for species and standardization details, and rely on the constituent-evidence base until branded trials are published.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"undecenoic-acid","name":"10-Undecenoic Acid (Undecylenic Acid)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"10-Undecenoic acid (also called undecylenic acid) is an 11-carbon unsaturated medium-chain fatty acid produced industrially from castor oil. It is best known as an FDA-approved over-the-counter topical antifungal \u2014 included in Category I of the OTC monograph for athlete's foot, jock itch, and other dermatophyte infections. By contrast, oral undecylenic acid as a dietary supplement (often marketed for intestinal candida) sits in a very different evidence position: human clinical data are sparse, and most mechanistic support comes from in vitro antifungal work against Candida albicans biofilms and dermatophyte cultures. Oral use should be considered off-label-style and undertaken with clinician input, particularly for individuals with GI conditions or those on systemic antifungals.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Hair, Skin & Nails","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"lactobacillus-paracasei-lpc-37","name":"Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37\u00ae","latinName":"Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (Lpc-37\u00ae strain)","shortDescription":"Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37\u00ae (formerly part of the Chr. Hansen / now IFF / DuPont strain library, currently classified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei) is a specific probiotic strain distinct from the broader L. paracasei species. Its lead clinical evidence is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults that evaluated Lpc-37 supplementation for stress and anxiety markers. Effects were modest and concentrated in pre-specified subgroups (e.g., baseline chronic stress) rather than the entire study population, so positioning should emphasize healthy-adult stress-resilience support rather than treatment. As with all strain-specific probiotic claims, Lpc-37\u00ae outcomes should not be assumed to transfer to generic L. paracasei products.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"creatinol-o-phosphate","name":"Creatinol-O-Phosphate (COP)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Creatinol-O-phosphate (COP) is a methylated creatine analog originally developed in Italy as a cardioprotective and anti-ischemic compound for cardiology indications, and later adopted as a niche pre-workout ingredient marketed for \u201clactate buffering.\u201d Critically, COP is not creatine and does not raise muscle creatine or phosphocreatine stores \u2014 claims that conflate the two are mechanistically incorrect. The cardiology evidence base derives from older Italian clinical and preclinical work in ischemic heart conditions; the ergogenic \u201clactate buffering\u201d narrative leans largely on animal and in vitro work rather than robust randomized controlled trials in athletes. Honest framing positions COP as a niche compound with limited modern human RCT evidence in sports performance contexts.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"beta-1-3-glucan","name":"Beta-1,3 Glucan","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Beta-1,3 glucans are a class of glucose polysaccharides found in the cell walls of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), oats, barley, and many medicinal mushrooms. The immune-relevant beta-1,3/1,6 glucans (notably from yeast cell wall) are recognized by pattern-recognition receptors such as Dectin-1 and complement receptor 3 on innate immune cells, modulating neutrophil, macrophage, and natural killer cell activity. Randomized controlled trials of yeast beta-1,3/1,6 glucans have been associated with fewer self-reported upper-respiratory symptom days in adults and children, with the strongest signals appearing in stressed or high-exposure populations such as marathon runners and children in daycare. This page covers the generic ingredient class; branded products (Wellmune\u00ae, Betavia\u2122) have separate dedicated pages.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"menaq7","name":"MenaQ7\u00ae (All-Trans Vitamin K2 MK-7)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MenaQ7\u00ae (originally NattoPharma, now part of Gnosis/Lesaffre) is the original commercial all-trans menaquinone-7 (MK-7) ingredient, derived historically from a controlled natto fermentation process and now also available as a synthetically produced all-trans MK-7. Standardized for high all-trans isomer purity, MenaQ7\u00ae has been the test article in several long-running randomized controlled trials evaluating vitamin K2 effects on bone mineral density, arterial stiffness, and matrix Gla protein activation in postmenopausal women. These trials show reduced age-related bone loss at the lumbar spine and femoral neck and parallel improvement in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, consistent with MK-7's role in carboxylating bone- and vascular-protective Gla proteins.","categories":["Bone Health","Cardiovascular","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"vitamin-k2-mk7","name":"Vitamin K2 \u2014 MK-7 (Menaquinone-7)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vitamin K2 as menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is the long-chain menaquinone form most distinguished from short-chain MK-4 by its very long plasma half-life (~3 days vs ~1 hour), allowing stable serum levels and once-daily dosing. MK-7 is sourced commercially from controlled natto fermentation (Bacillus subtilis) and from chemical synthesis, with all-trans isomer purity as a critical quality attribute. Long-running randomized controlled trials in healthy postmenopausal women have shown that MK-7 at 180 mcg/day reduces age-related decline in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, improves carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and reduces inactive matrix Gla protein \u2014 consistent with MK-7's role in carboxylating bone- and vascular-protective Gla proteins.","categories":["Bone Health","Cardiovascular","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"hidrox","name":"Hidrox\u00ae (Freeze-Dried Olive Juice Concentrate)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Hidrox\u00ae (CreAgri) is a branded freeze-dried olive juice concentrate produced from the aqueous fraction of olive (Olea europaea) milling \u2014 the olive vegetation water that is normally discarded but contains the highest concentration of natural hydroxytyrosol and related polyphenols (oleuropein, tyrosol). The freeze-drying process retains the full olive polyphenol matrix in a stable, water-soluble powder rich in hydroxytyrosol, supporting the EU-authorized health claim that olive polyphenols (\u22655 mg/day hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives) contribute to protection of blood lipids from oxidative stress. Hidrox\u00ae is positioned within the high-hydroxytyrosol class of olive ingredients, distinct from olive-leaf extracts and from olive-fruit-pulp polyphenol concentrates such as Hytolive\u00ae.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"dicalcium-phosphate","name":"Dicalcium Phosphate (DCP)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Dicalcium phosphate (DCP; calcium hydrogen phosphate, CaHPO4, usually the dihydrate CaHPO4\u00b72H2O) is best known as the workhorse tablet excipient \u2014 the binder, filler, and compression aid inside countless pills and multivitamins. It is also a combined calcium-and-phosphorus dietary source (~23-30% elemental calcium plus phosphorus in roughly 1:1 molar ratio) and a common animal-feed mineral. Water solubility is low and absorption is modest and acid-dependent, so DCP is a practical fortificant and manufacturing aid rather than a premium absorbable calcium form. For supplemental calcium where absorption matters most, calcium citrate or citrate-malate are better-absorbed options, especially on an empty stomach or in low stomach acid.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"tricalcium-phosphate","name":"Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Tricalcium phosphate (TCP; nominally Ca3(PO4)2, though food- and pharma-grade material is often a calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite mixture approximating that formula) is a high-calcium mineral (~38-39% elemental calcium) used mainly as an anticaking agent and a calcium fortificant. It is the calcium added to many fortified foods \u2014 calcium-fortified orange juice, plant milks, breakfast cereals, and tofu \u2014 and a functionalized form (fTCP) appears in some remineralizing toothpastes and dental products. A naming note: TCP is sometimes loosely called 'tribasic calcium phosphate,' which overlaps with calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) \u2014 a distinct but closely related calcium phosphate covered in our separate Calcium Hydroxyapatite (Synthetic / Tribasic Calcium Phosphate) entry. Honest framing: TCP's real-world role is food fortification and anticaking; calcium from TCP-fortified foods absorbs broadly comparably to calcium carbonate but is not a superior absorbable form, and in some fortified-beverage studies it was absorbed less well than calcium citrate-malate.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"pterowhite","name":"pTeroWhite\u00ae (99% trans-Pterostilbene)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"pTeroWhite\u00ae (Sabinsa/Sami-Sabinsa) is a branded, sustainably sourced pterostilbene standardized to roughly 99% trans-pterostilbene. Pterostilbene is the dimethylated analog of resveratrol with markedly better oral bioavailability and a longer half-life, which is why it is favored in antioxidant, metabolic, and cognitive/longevity formulas. pTeroWhite\u00ae supplies a high-purity, identity-verified form of the same molecule covered in the generic pterostilbene literature. Honest framing: human data on pterostilbene are still limited and the lipid trial signal is mixed, so it is best viewed as a promising, well-characterized antioxidant rather than a proven longevity intervention.","categories":["Antioxidant","Metabolic Health","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"citrin","name":"Citrin\u00ae / Citrin K\u00ae (Garcinia cambogia Hydroxycitric Acid)","latinName":"Garcinia cambogia","shortDescription":"Citrin\u00ae and Citrin K\u00ae (Sabinsa/Sami-Sabinsa) are branded Garcinia cambogia extracts standardized for (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA). Citrin\u00ae is calcium-bound HCA; Citrin K\u00ae is a potassium/calcium HCA salt formulated for better water solubility. They are marketed for weight management and appetite support. Honest framing is essential: the best human evidence for HCA is weak and mixed. The landmark large randomized trial found Garcinia/HCA produced no greater weight or fat loss than placebo, and a later meta-analysis found only a small effect of uncertain clinical relevance. Citrin\u00ae cross-references the generic Garcinia cambogia listing on the site.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"kokum","name":"Kokum (Garcinia indica) / Livinol\u2122","latinName":"Garcinia indica","shortDescription":"Kokum is the fruit of Garcinia indica, a traditional Indian tree whose dried rind is used in cooking and Ayurvedic practice. It is a natural source of garcinol (a polyisoprenylated benzophenone) and (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA). Livinol\u00ae is a branded Garcinia indica extract positioned for antioxidant, digestive, and weight-management support. Honest framing: most of the interesting biology for garcinol comes from laboratory and animal studies, and direct human clinical evidence for kokum/Livinol\u00ae is thin. It cross-references the site's Garcinia cambogia and HCA entries, which share the HCA constituent.","categories":["Antioxidant","Gut Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sustamine","name":"Sustamine\u00ae (L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sustamine\u00ae (Kyowa Hakko) is L-alanyl-L-glutamine, a dipeptide that pairs the amino acids L-alanine and L-glutamine. The dipeptide is far more water-soluble and stable than free glutamine and is absorbed efficiently as an intact peptide, making it a practical way to deliver glutamine in beverages and rehydration products. It is studied mainly for hydration and fluid absorption, gut-barrier support, and endurance/recovery during heat and exercise stress. Sustamine\u00ae cross-references the site's L-glutamine entry, but its dipeptide form is its defining advantage. Evidence is promising but built largely on small exercise trials.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Gut Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"vasodrive-ap","name":"VasoDrive-AP\u00ae (Casein-Derived Lactotripeptides IPP/VPP)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"VasoDrive-AP\u00ae (Kyowa Hakko USA) supplies the casein-derived lactotripeptides isoleucyl-prolyl-proline (IPP) and valyl-prolyl-proline (VPP), bioactive milk peptides with natural ACE-inhibitory activity that are studied for supporting healthy blood pressure. This is distinct from the site's generic casein-protein entry: casein protein is a bulk dietary protein, whereas VasoDrive-AP\u00ae is a concentrated source of the specific BP-active tripeptides. Honest framing: meta-analyses show a modest blood-pressure reduction with notable heterogeneity, and effects tend to be smaller and less consistent in Western/European populations than in Japanese trials.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"enovita","name":"Enovita\u00ae (Grape Seed Procyanidin Phytosome)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"Enovita\u00ae (Indena) is a grape seed extract standardized to roughly 95% proanthocyanidins (procyanidins) and delivered as a Phytosome\u00ae \u2014 the polyphenols complexed with phospholipids to improve absorption. It is studied for endothelial function, healthy blood pressure, and antioxidant support. Enovita\u00ae sits alongside several related entries on the site, including generic grape seed extract, Leucoselect\u00ae Phytosome, and MegaNatural-BP\u00ae, all of which share the grape-polyphenol mechanism. Evidence for grape seed procyanidins on blood pressure is reasonably supportive across pooled trials, with the phospholipid delivery intended to enhance bioavailability of the active polyphenols.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"relissa","name":"Relissa\u2122 (Lemon Balm Phytosome)","latinName":"Melissa officinalis","shortDescription":"Relissa\u2122 (Indena) is a lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) extract delivered as a phospholipid-based formulation designed to improve the bioavailability of its calming phytochemicals. Lemon balm has a long traditional use for easing stress and nervous tension and supporting restful sleep, and modern interest centers on its rosmarinic acid and related polyphenols. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the Relissa\u2122 phospholipid formulation reported improvements in stress, mood, and related measures in adults with emotional distress and poor sleep. Evidence for lemon balm is encouraging but still limited in size, so benefits are framed as supportive of calm and sleep quality.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"virtiva","name":"Virtiva\u00ae (Ginkgo biloba Phytosome)","latinName":"Ginkgo biloba","shortDescription":"Virtiva\u00ae (Indena) is a Ginkgo biloba extract delivered as a Phytosome\u00ae \u2014 ginkgo flavonoid glycosides complexed with phospholipids to improve absorption, sometimes combined with phosphatidylserine. It is marketed for cognition and mental performance. Honest framing is required: while the phospholipid delivery improves the bioavailability of ginkgo flavonoids, it does not resolve the underlying clinical question. A Cochrane review concluded that ginkgo's benefit for cognitive impairment and dementia is inconsistent and unreliable, and ginkgo does not reliably enhance cognition in healthy adults. Virtiva\u00ae cross-references Ginkgoselect\u00ae Phytosome, a sister Indena ginkgo phytosome already on the site.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sabalselect","name":"Sabalselect\u00ae (Saw Palmetto Extract)","latinName":"Serenoa repens","shortDescription":"Sabalselect\u00ae (Indena) is a saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) extract produced by supercritical CO2 extraction and standardized to roughly 85\u201395% fatty acids. It is used for prostate comfort and lower-urinary-tract symptoms in aging men. Honest framing is essential: while some users report symptom relief, the most rigorous randomized trials of saw palmetto for benign prostatic enlargement have been largely negative. The major STEP and CAMUS trials found no benefit over placebo (even at escalating doses), and a Cochrane review found saw palmetto no better than placebo. Saw palmetto does not shrink the prostate and should not be presented as equivalent to finasteride or tamsulosin. It cross-references the site's generic saw palmetto entry.","categories":["Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"fenusterols","name":"Fenusterols\u00ae (Fenugreek Furostanolic Saponins)","latinName":"Trigonella foenum-graecum","shortDescription":"Fenusterols\u00ae is a fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extract standardized for furostanolic saponins, the steroidal saponin fraction marketed to support testosterone, male vitality, and libido. The clinical rationale draws on the broader fenugreek/furostanolic-saponin literature, including branded extracts such as Testofen\u00ae and Furosap\u00ae. Honest framing: most positive trials are relatively small and industry-funded and show modest effects, with some measuring free or total testosterone and others focusing on libido and sexual function. Fenusterols\u00ae coexists with several related fenugreek entries on the site, including generic fenugreek, Testofen\u00ae, and FenuSmart\u00ae.","categories":["Testosterone","Men's Health","Libido Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"zealutein","name":"ZeaLutein\u00ae (Lutein + Zeaxanthin)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"ZeaLutein\u00ae is a branded combination of the macular carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, sourced from marigold (Tagetes erecta) and formulated for eye and macular health. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the pigments that concentrate in the macula, forming macular pigment that filters high-energy blue light and provides antioxidant protection. The evidence is moderate: in the large AREDS2 trial, adding lutein/zeaxanthin did not significantly slow AMD progression in the primary analysis, but secondary analyses and macular-pigment studies support their role in eye health. ZeaLutein\u00ae coexists on the site with related entries including generic lutein, zeaxanthin, Lutemax 2020\u00ae, FloraGLO\u00ae, and Macu-LZ\u00ae.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"shagandha","name":"Shagandha\u00ae (Ashwagandha Root Extract)","latinName":"Withania somnifera","shortDescription":"Shagandha\u00ae is a branded Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) root extract positioned for stress, cortisol balance, and sleep support. Ashwagandha is one of the best-studied adaptogenic herbs, with randomized trials of standardized extracts showing reductions in perceived stress and serum cortisol and improvements in sleep quality. Honest framing: the strongest clinical evidence comes from specific standardized extracts such as KSM-66\u00ae and Sensoril\u00ae, and Shagandha\u00ae's rationale draws on this broader ashwagandha evidence base rather than its own large trial program. Shagandha\u00ae coexists on the site with generic ashwagandha and branded forms including Shoden\u00ae, Sensoril\u00ae, and ZenRoot\u00ae.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sabrolithin","name":"Sabrolithin\u00ae A&B (Urolithin A + Urolithin B)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sabrolithin\u00ae A&B is a branded blend of urolithin A and urolithin B, postbiotic compounds in the urolithin family marketed for mitochondrial health, mitophagy, and muscle support. Honest framing is essential: the rigorous human clinical evidence in this space is overwhelmingly for urolithin A specifically, from trials using direct urolithin A (such as Mitopure\u00ae) showing improved mitochondrial biomarkers and muscle endurance/strength. Human data for urolithin B and for an A+B combination are much thinner and largely preclinical. A Sabrolithin\u00ae A&B page should make clear that the combination rides on urolithin A's established evidence base. It cross-references the site's urolithin A and Mitopure\u00ae entries.","categories":["Longevity","Muscle & Recovery","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"leangard","name":"LeanGard\u00ae (Weight-Management Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"LeanGard\u00ae (Sabinsa) is a proprietary weight-management blend rather than a single ingredient. Its published composition combines ForsLean\u00ae (Coleus forskohlii root extract standardized for forskolin), GarCitrin\u00ae (a Garcinia cambogia/Garcinia indica extract supplying hydroxycitric acid and garcinol), and BioPerine\u00ae (black pepper extract standardized for piperine as a bioavailability enhancer). It is positioned to support body composition and weight management alongside diet and activity. Honest framing: the specific clinical evidence for the LeanGard\u00ae combination is limited, resting largely on manufacturer-associated studies, and the component ingredients individually have mixed evidence \u2014 especially HCA, whose weight-loss data are weak. Several components cross-reference existing site entries (forskolin/Coleus forskohlii, Garcinia cambogia, BioPerine\u00ae/piperine).","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-orotate","name":"Magnesium Orotate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium orotate is the magnesium salt of orotic acid, supplying only about 6-7% elemental magnesium by weight. It is most often marketed for cardiovascular and exercise applications, with the orotate carrier promoted as helping shuttle magnesium into heart and muscle cells. The most cited form-specific human data comes from a single small double-blind trial in severe heart failure that suggested benefit, but that result is promising rather than definitive. Broader cardiovascular and cellular-carrier claims still outrun the evidence, and the low elemental content means relatively large doses are needed to meet magnesium needs.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Muscle & Recovery","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-chloride","name":"Magnesium Chloride","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium chloride is a highly soluble magnesium salt, supplying roughly 12% elemental magnesium as the common hexahydrate or about 25% in anhydrous form. Taken orally it is a well-absorbed option for restoring and maintaining magnesium status. It is also the basis of so-called magnesium oil sprays and bath flakes promoted for skin absorption, but the evidence that meaningful magnesium crosses the skin is weak and poorly supported. The honest position is to value magnesium chloride mainly as a soluble oral repletion salt and to treat transdermal claims as unproven.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Muscle & Recovery","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-sulfate","name":"Magnesium Sulfate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium sulfate, familiar as Epsom salt, is a soluble magnesium salt providing roughly 10% elemental magnesium as the common heptahydrate. It has two very different identities. As an intravenous medicine administered by clinicians it has strong evidence in specific emergencies such as eclampsia, certain dangerous heart rhythms, and severe asthma, but that is a prescription drug use, not a supplement. As a consumer product it is used as a short-term saline laxative and in Epsom-salt baths. The popular idea that magnesium meaningfully absorbs through the skin during a bath is poorly supported.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Gut Health","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-lactate","name":"Magnesium Lactate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium lactate is the magnesium salt of lactic acid, supplying about 12% elemental magnesium. It is a soluble, well-tolerated organic form that is often described as gentle on the stomach, which makes it a practical choice for people who experience digestive upset with other magnesium salts. It is commonly used in sustained-release products designed to spread absorption over time. Magnesium lactate is essentially a commodity repletion form with modest form-specific research; most of its value comes from delivering bioavailable elemental magnesium with good GI tolerability.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Bone Health","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-aspartate","name":"Magnesium Aspartate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium aspartate is the magnesium salt of aspartic acid, a soluble chelate supplying roughly 16% elemental magnesium. As an organic, water-soluble form it is well absorbed and used for general magnesium repletion. Much of its form-specific research is older work on potassium-magnesium aspartate studied for fatigue and exercise tolerance, with mixed results. Magnesium aspartate is also a component of the ZMA combination found elsewhere on this site. Overall it is a commodity repletion salt valued for solubility and bioavailability rather than for unique benefits beyond delivering elemental magnesium.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-carbonate","name":"Magnesium Carbonate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium carbonate is an inorganic magnesium salt with a relatively high elemental magnesium content, roughly 28 to 45% depending on hydration. In the stomach it reacts with acid and is partly converted to magnesium chloride, which is then available for absorption, so it also acts as an antacid. Outside of supplements it is well known as gym chalk for improving grip. As a dietary supplement it is largely a commodity and excipient with little supplement-specific clinical evidence, and like other magnesium salts it can cause loose stools, especially at higher doses.","categories":["Gut Health","Bone Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-gluconate","name":"Magnesium Gluconate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium gluconate is the magnesium salt of gluconic acid and a soluble, well-tolerated organic form. Its main practical drawback is low elemental magnesium content, only about 5 to 6% by weight, which means a large number of pills or a sizeable dose is needed to reach typical magnesium targets. It is frequently chosen for its gentle effect on the gut and low tendency to cause loose stools. Magnesium gluconate is a commodity repletion form whose value lies in tolerability and reasonable absorption rather than in unique, form-specific clinical benefits.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Energy","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sucrosomial-magnesium","name":"Sucrosomial Magnesium","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sucrosomial Magnesium is a branded delivery technology in which magnesium oxide is encapsulated within a matrix of phospholipids and sucrose esters of fatty acids, forming a sucrosome that is designed to improve absorption and gastrointestinal tolerability compared with standard magnesium salts. A human crossover study reported improved magnesium bioavailability versus several common forms, which is promising. However, much of the supporting research has been sponsored by the technology's developer, so the evidence is best framed as encouraging but owner-sponsored and in need of independent confirmation.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Energy","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"magnesium-acetyl-taurate","name":"Magnesium Acetyl-Taurate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Magnesium acetyl-taurate is a patented form in which magnesium is bound to acetylated taurine, sold under names such as ATA Mg, Magtaurine and TauroMag. It is marketed for brain, stress and mood support, with claims that the acetylated taurine carrier improves stability and helps magnesium reach the nervous system. Honest framing matters here: the human evidence is thin. The absorption and central-nervous-system claims rest largely on manufacturer materials and animal (mostly rat) studies, and this form should be considered distinct from the generic magnesium taurate page on this site.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sodium-citrate","name":"Sodium Citrate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sodium citrate (trisodium citrate) is an alkalizing sodium salt of citric acid used primarily as an ergogenic extracellular buffer in high-intensity sport. By raising blood bicarbonate and inducing a mild metabolic alkalosis, it may help the body clear hydrogen ions and lactate that accumulate during repeated maximal efforts, while also expanding plasma volume. It is generally gentler on the stomach than sodium bicarbonate at equivalent buffering loads. Human evidence at 0.3-0.5 g/kg is genuinely mixed: some short, high-intensity and middle-distance trials show modest performance gains, while others show none, and the response is highly individual.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sodium-phosphate","name":"Sodium Phosphate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sodium phosphate refers to the sodium salts of phosphoric acid (monobasic, dibasic, and tribasic forms) used in endurance sport as a 'phosphate loading' aid. The proposed rationale is that supplemental phosphate increases red-cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate to improve oxygen delivery and may raise peak oxygen uptake. In practice the evidence is equivocal: several cycling time-trial studies, particularly with the tribasic form, report gains in VO2peak or performance, while others, including a 2023 dibasic trial, find no benefit. Importantly, phosphate is considered the active component, with the sodium largely incidental to the proposed effect.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Energy","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"potassium-chloride","name":"Potassium Chloride","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Potassium chloride (KCl) is the most widely used pharmaceutical form for correcting low potassium and the key active ingredient in reduced-sodium salt substitutes. Providing about 52% elemental potassium, it is the preferred oral form for raising serum potassium because of its efficiency. As a salt substitute (typically 25% KCl replacing part of the sodium chloride), it has been studied for cardiovascular risk reduction: a large cluster-randomized trial in rural China found that switching to a potassium-enriched salt substitute lowered rates of stroke, major cardiovascular events, and death. Because it raises potassium, KCl can be hazardous in advanced kidney disease or with potassium-sparing medications.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"potassium-bicarbonate","name":"Potassium Bicarbonate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) is an alkalizing potassium salt studied mainly for bone and acid-base health rather than simple potassium repletion. Providing about 39% elemental potassium, it delivers potassium together with bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes the modest acid load generated by typical Western diets and that tends to increase with age. In older adults, supplemental potassium bicarbonate has been shown to lower urinary calcium loss and reduce a marker of bone breakdown. However, these are surrogate biochemical endpoints, not proven reductions in fractures, and at least one trial indicates the bicarbonate, not the potassium, is responsible for the bone effect.","categories":["Bone Health","Metabolic Health","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"potassium-gluconate","name":"Potassium Gluconate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Potassium gluconate is the dominant over-the-counter potassium form in the United States, where label limits cap most single tablets at 99 mg (about 2.53 mEq) of elemental potassium. It pairs potassium with gluconate, an organic anion that is well tolerated by the stomach, and is marketed broadly for general potassium support, muscle cramps, and low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets that increase potassium losses. Chemically it provides roughly 16.7% elemental potassium. As a commodity supplement, it has little form-specific clinical literature beyond serving as a potassium source, and it carries the same hyperkalemia cautions as all potassium salts.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Muscle & Recovery","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"potassium-aspartate","name":"Potassium Aspartate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Potassium aspartate is a potassium salt of the amino acid aspartic acid, providing about 24% elemental potassium. It is marketed for cardiac support, antiarrhythmic effects, and 'cellular energy,' usually combined with magnesium aspartate, on the premise that aspartate helps shuttle minerals into cells. The supporting human literature is older, largely European, and centered on mixed potassium-magnesium aspartate combinations rather than potassium aspartate alone. Some trials report modest reductions in ventricular ectopy, but the overall evidence is not robust and effects are inconsistent. Like all potassium salts, it carries hyperkalemia risk in kidney disease and with potassium-sparing drugs.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Energy","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"potassium-orotate","name":"Potassium Orotate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Potassium orotate is a potassium salt of orotic acid, providing about 21% elemental potassium. It is marketed using a 'cellular mineral carrier' narrative, claiming that the orotate ligand escorts potassium more efficiently into cells. This concept is theoretical and largely promotional: there are essentially no high-quality human randomized trials of potassium orotate specifically, and the broader orotate literature is dominated by small cardiovascular studies of magnesium orotate. Any potassium delivered is the same potassium found in better-studied salts, and the same hyperkalemia cautions apply for kidney disease and potassium-sparing medications. Buyers should treat carrier claims with skepticism.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Energy","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zinc-sulfate","name":"Zinc Sulfate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zinc sulfate is the most extensively studied and least expensive zinc salt, serving as the workhorse form across decades of clinical research. The monohydrate provides about 36% elemental zinc and the heptahydrate about 22%. It is the form used in World Health Organization and UNICEF protocols that support recovery and hydration in childhood diarrhea, in many common-cold lozenge trials, in acne studies, and in the management of Wilson's disease. A large multicenter trial found that lower doses (5-10 mg) were as effective as the standard 20 mg for childhood diarrhea while causing less vomiting. Its affordability and deep evidence base make it the reference zinc form.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"zinc-oxide","name":"Zinc Oxide","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a high-zinc compound (about 80% elemental zinc) with two very different uses. Topically, it is one of the best-established skin-protection ingredients: a broad-spectrum physical (mineral) sunscreen filter that reflects and scatters ultraviolet light, and the active barrier agent in diaper-rash creams and calamine. Because it largely sits on the skin surface rather than being absorbed, its topical safety and protective value are well supported. Orally, however, zinc oxide is poorly soluble and poorly absorbed, making it a cheap filler form for meeting zinc needs rather than a preferred supplement. Its distinctiveness lies firmly in topical skin protection.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"zinc-orotate","name":"Zinc Orotate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zinc orotate is a zinc salt of orotic acid, marketed as a 'highly bioavailable' chelated form on the premise that the orotate ligand carries zinc efficiently into cells. Its elemental zinc content is very low, only around 3%, so a large amount of compound is needed to deliver meaningful zinc. Crucially, there are no robust human randomized trials of zinc orotate specifically; the bioavailability claims are theoretical and driven by marketing rather than head-to-head clinical data, and the broader orotate research base centers on magnesium orotate. Any zinc it provides is the same zinc available from far better-studied and cheaper salts such as zinc sulfate.","categories":["Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"manganese-gluconate","name":"Manganese Gluconate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Manganese gluconate is a water-soluble salt of manganese and gluconic acid supplying roughly 11% elemental manganese. It is the most common low-cost manganese form found in multivitamins and trace-mineral blends, valued for being mild on the stomach and easy to formulate. Manganese is an essential trace mineral that acts as a cofactor for antioxidant, bone-matrix, and metabolic enzymes. Gluconate is a commodity form with no form-specific human bioavailability trials; the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements states no data compare the bioavailability of different supplemental manganese forms.","categories":["Bone Health","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"manganese-sulfate","name":"Manganese Sulfate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Manganese sulfate (MnSO4\u00b7H2O) is an inexpensive, water-soluble manganese salt with a high elemental content of roughly 32% manganese. It is widely used in food fortification, animal feed, agricultural products, and low-cost multivitamins because it delivers more elemental manganese per milligram than organic salts. Manganese is an essential trace mineral and enzyme cofactor for antioxidant defense, bone-matrix formation, and metabolism. Sulfate is a commodity form; the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements notes there are no human data comparing the bioavailability of different supplemental manganese forms.","categories":["Bone Health","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"manganese-bisglycinate","name":"Manganese Bisglycinate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Manganese bisglycinate (manganese glycinate chelate) is a form in which manganese is bound to two glycine molecules, supplying roughly 11\u201316% elemental manganese depending on the product. Branded versions such as Albion/Balchem TRAACS are marketed as gentle, well-absorbed, premium chelates. Manganese is an essential trace-mineral enzyme cofactor for antioxidant defense, bone matrix, and metabolism. Honest framing: the absorption-superiority story for chelated manganese is mechanistic and marketing-driven. The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements states there are no human data comparing the bioavailability of different manganese forms.","categories":["Bone Health","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"manganese-ascorbate","name":"Manganese Ascorbate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Manganese ascorbate combines manganese with vitamin C (ascorbic acid), supplying roughly 10% elemental manganese, and is best known as the manganese component of Cosamin DS joint formulas alongside glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate. Manganese is an enzyme cofactor needed for cartilage proteoglycan synthesis, which is the rationale for including it in joint products. Honest framing: the human evidence in knee osteoarthritis is for the FCHG49 glucosamine HCl + TRH122 chondroitin sulfate + manganese ascorbate combination, not for manganese ascorbate on its own.","categories":["Joint Health","Antioxidant","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"manganese-citrate","name":"Manganese Citrate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Manganese citrate is a manganese salt of citric acid supplying roughly 15% elemental manganese. It is popular in clean-label and vegan supplements and is often marketed as a well-absorbed, food-friendly form. Manganese is an essential trace mineral and enzyme cofactor for antioxidant defense, bone-matrix formation, and metabolism. Manganese citrate is a commodity ingredient with no form-specific human bioavailability trials; the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements states there are no data comparing the absorption of different supplemental manganese forms, so superior-absorption claims for citrate are not evidence-based.","categories":["Bone Health","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"manganese-picolinate","name":"Manganese Picolinate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Manganese picolinate binds manganese to picolinic acid, supplying roughly 14% elemental manganese. It borrows the 'picolinate is better absorbed' halo popularized by chromium and zinc picolinate, but that reputation has not been established for manganese. Manganese is an essential trace mineral and enzyme cofactor for antioxidant defense, bone matrix, and metabolism. Honest framing: there is no meaningful human evidence that manganese picolinate is better absorbed or more effective than other manganese forms; the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements states no human data compare the bioavailability of different manganese forms.","categories":["Bone Health","Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"copper-gluconate","name":"Copper Gluconate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Copper gluconate is a water-soluble copper salt of gluconic acid supplying roughly 14% elemental copper. It is the most common copper form in multivitamins and is a GRAS food fortificant, widely regarded as a reliable, well-absorbed oral reference form. Copper is an essential trace mineral and cofactor for enzymes in iron metabolism, antioxidant defense, connective-tissue cross-linking, and energy production. Copper gluconate is especially important to balance against high-dose zinc, which competes for absorption and can induce copper deficiency over time.","categories":["Immune Support","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"copper-bisglycinate","name":"Copper Bisglycinate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Copper bisglycinate (copper glycinate chelate) binds copper to two glycine molecules, supplying roughly 10% elemental copper. Branded versions such as Albion/Balchem TRAACS are marketed as premium, high-absorption, clean-label copper. Copper is an essential trace mineral and cofactor for iron metabolism, antioxidant defense, connective-tissue cross-linking, and energy production. Honest framing: the high-absorption claim for copper bisglycinate is mechanistic and marketing-based; there are no head-to-head human trials proving it is better absorbed than copper gluconate or sulfate, and one animal study found it slightly less bioavailable than copper sulfate.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cupric-oxide","name":"Cupric Oxide","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Cupric oxide (copper(II) oxide, CuO) is a cheap, high-elemental copper compound containing roughly 80% copper by weight, which makes it look impressive on a Supplement Facts label. It is widely used as a low-cost copper source in mass-market multivitamins. Critical honest framing: despite its high copper percentage, cupric oxide is poorly soluble and poorly bioavailable. Animal feeding studies show its copper is essentially unavailable for absorption, and a Journal of Nutrition editorial concluded it should not be used as a copper supplement for animals or humans. It is the cautionary 'looks good on the label, barely absorbed' form.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"copper-sulfate","name":"Copper Sulfate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Copper sulfate (pentahydrate, CuSO4\u00b75H2O) is a highly soluble inorganic copper salt supplying roughly 25% elemental copper. It is used in food fortification, intravenous nutrition, and the clinical correction of copper deficiency, where oral copper sulfate at about 2\u20134 mg/day of elemental copper is a standard repletion strategy. Copper is an essential trace mineral and cofactor for iron metabolism, antioxidant defense, connective-tissue cross-linking, and energy production. Copper sulfate is well absorbed and is the reference inorganic form in much of the copper-bioavailability literature.","categories":["Immune Support","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"copper-citrate","name":"Copper Citrate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Copper citrate is a copper salt of citric acid supplying roughly 24\u201335% elemental copper depending on hydration. It is marketed as a well-absorbed, food-friendly alternative to copper sulfate and gluconate and appears in some clean-label multivitamins. Copper is an essential trace mineral and cofactor for iron metabolism, antioxidant defense, connective-tissue cross-linking, and energy production. Honest framing: copper citrate is a commodity form whose bioavailability is not well established versus copper gluconate or sulfate, and there are no form-specific human trials demonstrating an absorption or clinical advantage.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sodium-selenite","name":"Sodium Selenite","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sodium selenite is the classic inorganic form of selenium (Na2SeO3, roughly 45% elemental selenium) and one of the most heavily studied. It is the selenium source in many multivitamins and infant formulas and was the comparator in a large share of older selenium trials, including thyroid-autoimmunity and bioavailability research. The body reduces selenite to selenide and builds it into selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase. It supports antioxidant defense and normal thyroid function, though it shows lower long-term tissue retention than organic selenomethionine and can act as a pro-oxidant at high doses.","categories":["Antioxidant","Thyroid Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"sodium-selenate","name":"Sodium Selenate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sodium selenate is an inorganic, fully oxidized form of selenium (Na2SeO4, roughly 42% elemental selenium). It is efficiently absorbed from the gut, but a substantial fraction is excreted in the urine before it can be built into selenoproteins, so net utilization can be lower than its high absorption suggests. Selenate is used mainly in fortification and biofortification science and appears less often in consumer supplements than selenite or selenomethionine. Like other selenium sources it supports antioxidant glutathione peroxidase activity and normal thyroid function once it is reduced and incorporated into selenoproteins.","categories":["Antioxidant","Thyroid Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"selenocystine","name":"Selenocystine","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Selenocystine is the oxidized dimer of selenocysteine (roughly 47% elemental selenium), occasionally marketed as a form of \"organic selenium.\" In the body selenocysteine is the actual selenium-containing amino acid found in selenoproteins, but as a supplement ingredient selenocystine is niche. Most of the evidence behind it comes from in-vitro experiments and animal feeding studies of selenium bioavailability and antioxidant enzyme activity, with very few standalone human supplement trials. It can supply selenium for glutathione peroxidase synthesis, but it is far less studied in people than selenomethionine, selenium yeast, or the inorganic selenium salts.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"sodium-molybdate","name":"Sodium Molybdate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Sodium molybdate is the most common supplemental form of the trace mineral molybdenum (Na2MoO4, roughly 40-47% elemental molybdenum depending on hydration). It is cheap, water-soluble, and well absorbed, and it appears in many multivitamins and standalone molybdenum products. Molybdenum is an essential cofactor for enzymes including sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase, so molybdate is often marketed to support the breakdown of sulfites and sulfur-containing compounds. True dietary molybdenum deficiency is essentially unknown in healthy people, and the mineral has very low toxicity, so most supplementation simply ensures adequate cofactor availability.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"molybdenum-glycinate","name":"Molybdenum Glycinate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Molybdenum glycinate (also sold as molybdenum bisglycinate chelate) is a form of the trace mineral molybdenum bound to the amino acid glycine. It is favored by clean-label and practitioner brands as a \"gentle\" or \"highly absorbable\" molybdenum source for supporting sulfite metabolism, which depends on the molybdenum-cofactor enzyme sulfite oxidase. Honestly, the claim that the glycinate chelate is better absorbed than cheap soluble salts like sodium molybdate is largely mechanistic and marketing-based: authorities including the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements note there are no comparative bioavailability data distinguishing molybdenum forms in humans. Molybdenum itself is essential, well absorbed in soluble forms, and very low in toxicity.","categories":["Detox & Cleanse","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ammonium-molybdate","name":"Ammonium Molybdate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ammonium molybdate ((NH4)6Mo7O24\u00b74H2O, roughly 54% elemental molybdenum) is a soluble inorganic molybdenum compound used mainly as the molybdenum source in liquid molybdenum drops and some clinical formulations. Like other soluble molybdenum forms, it is well absorbed and supplies molybdenum for the molybdenum cofactor used by sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase. It is a commodity ingredient with no form-specific efficacy trials; the human evidence for molybdenum comes from a rare parenteral-nutrition deficiency case and metabolic absorption studies rather than studies of ammonium molybdate specifically. Molybdenum is essential, low in toxicity, and rarely deficient in healthy people.","categories":["Detox & Cleanse","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"chromium-picolinate","name":"Chromium Picolinate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chromium picolinate (Cr(C6H4NO2)3, roughly 12% elemental chromium) is the most-studied and most widely sold form of supplemental chromium, popular in blood-sugar and weight-management products. It pairs trivalent chromium with picolinic acid to improve absorption of this otherwise poorly absorbed mineral. Honestly, the evidence is weak and inconsistent: meta-analyses show at best a modest drop in fasting glucose and around a 0.6% HbA1c reduction in diabetic-only subgroups, no reliable effect on body weight, fat, or BMI, and no clear benefit in people without diabetes, with many trials of poor quality. European authorities do not classify chromium as an essential nutrient, and supplements should not be expected to treat diabetes or cause weight loss.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"chromium-dinicocysteinate","name":"Chromium Dinicocysteinate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chromium dinicocysteinate (branded Zychrome) is a chromium complex combining trivalent chromium with niacin (nicotinic acid) and the amino acid L-cysteine. It is notable as the one chromium form with a clean head-to-head human trial against chromium picolinate. In type 2 diabetics on metformin, 400 mcg/day of chromium for 3 months significantly lowered fasting insulin, HOMA-IR insulin resistance, the inflammatory marker TNF-alpha, and oxidative stress, outperforming chromium picolinate. Crucially, HbA1c and blood glucose did not change significantly in any group, so this is evidence on insulin-sensitivity and inflammation surrogate markers, not proof of glycemic control. Like all chromium, its overall clinical evidence base is limited and chromium is not an established essential nutrient.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"chromium-chloride","name":"Chromium Chloride","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chromium chloride (CrCl3\u00b76H2O, roughly 20% elemental chromium) is the classic inorganic reference form of trivalent chromium. It was the chromium source in the historic parenteral-nutrition cases that first established chromium's role in glucose metabolism, and it remains relevant in intravenous and total parenteral nutrition formulations. As an oral supplement it is largely superseded, because inorganic chromium chloride is very poorly absorbed (only about 0.5-2%) compared with chelated forms like chromium picolinate. Its interest today is mainly historical and in clinical nutrition. As with all chromium, the broader clinical evidence is weak and inconsistent, and chromium is not classified as an essential nutrient by European authorities.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"gtf-chromium","name":"GTF Chromium","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GTF chromium, usually sold as chromium-enriched (brewer's) yeast, is marketed as a \"natural\" and biologically active form of chromium under the name Glucose Tolerance Factor. The honest framing is important: \"GTF\" is a scientifically discredited concept. The original glucose tolerance factor isolated from yeast was an analytical artifact of acid processing, and there is no real, defined GTF molecule. Some trials of chromium-enriched yeast in type 2 diabetes report reductions in fasting glucose, but the overall evidence is weak and inconsistent, and chromium is not classified as an essential nutrient by European authorities. GTF chromium remains widely sold by major brands despite the outdated science behind its name.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"chromium-histidinate","name":"Chromium Histidinate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chromium histidinate is a chromium complex with the amino acid histidine, promoted as one of the best-absorbed chromium chelates. The honest picture matters here: there is a small human absorption study (six subjects) showing chromium histidinate is absorbed better than chromium picolinate, but that study measured absorption only, not clinical benefit. The diabetes and insulin-sensitivity work that brands cite for this form is almost entirely in rats, not human randomized trials. So the human evidence supports better absorption, while efficacy claims for glucose or metabolic outcomes are preclinical. As with all chromium, the broader clinical evidence is weak and inconsistent, and chromium is not classified as an essential nutrient by European authorities.","categories":["Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"selenoexcell","name":"SelenoExcell\u00ae (High-Selenium Yeast)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"SelenoExcell\u00ae is a branded, standardized high-selenium yeast (inactivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae) made by Cypress Systems Inc., containing roughly 0.2% selenium that is organically bound and predominantly present as selenomethionine alongside other natural selenium species. As a food-form selenium source, it is the type of selenized yeast used in the landmark Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial and in later biomarker research. Selenium is an essential trace mineral that supports antioxidant defense, healthy immune function, and normal thyroid hormone metabolism. SelenoExcell\u00ae holds GRAS status for use in foods and beverages.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"selenoprecise","name":"SelenoPrecise\u00ae","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"SelenoPrecise\u00ae (Pharma Nord) is a patented, pharmaceutical-grade organic high-selenium yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) standardized across a wide range of naturally occurring selenium species, with selenomethionine as the predominant compound and documented high (~89%) absorption in humans. It is the selenium component used in the KiSel-10 trial. Importantly, KiSel-10 tested SelenoPrecise selenium yeast together with coenzyme Q10 as a combination - so its headline cardiovascular findings reflect the Se + CoQ10 pairing and cannot be attributed to selenium yeast alone. SelenoPrecise is studied to support cardiovascular wellness, antioxidant defenses, and healthy aging in adults.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"selenium-select","name":"Selenium SeLECT\u00ae","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Selenium SeLECT\u00ae (Sabinsa / Sami-Sabinsa) is a branded form of L-selenomethionine \u2014 a single, defined organic selenium compound, not a selenium yeast. It carries self-affirmed GRAS status and is positioned as a highly bioavailable selenomethionine that helped inform the USP selenomethionine monograph. Because it is L-selenomethionine, its evidence base is essentially the general selenomethionine and selenium literature (antioxidant, thyroid, and immune support) plus bioavailability characterization, rather than a distinctive proprietary clinical program. Note: despite the similar name, Selenium SeLECT\u00ae is unrelated to the NCI/SWOG SELECT prostate-cancer trial. It is studied to support antioxidant defenses, immune health, and normal thyroid function.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"porcine-thyroid-glandular","name":"Porcine Thyroid Glandular (Desiccated Thyroid)","latinName":"Sus scrofa","shortDescription":"Porcine \"desiccated thyroid\" is dried, powdered pig thyroid gland, but the name covers two very different products. Prescription desiccated thyroid extract (Armour Thyroid, NP Thyroid) is an FDA-regulated drug standardized to contain thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), used by clinicians to treat diagnosed hypothyroidism. OTC \"thyroid glandular\" or \"raw thyroid\" capsules are sold as dietary supplements and are legally required to be depleted of thyroid hormone, yet independent testing has repeatedly found active T4/T3 in them. The supplement versions have no controlled-trial support for improving thyroid function and carry a real risk of delivering undisclosed hormone.","categories":["Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"bovine-thyroid-glandular","name":"Bovine Thyroid Glandular (Desiccated Thyroid)","latinName":"Bos taurus","shortDescription":"Bovine \"thyroid glandular\" is dried, powdered cattle thyroid sold over the counter as \"raw thyroid\" or \"thyroid concentrate.\" Unlike porcine desiccated thyroid, which is the basis of prescription drugs like Armour Thyroid, bovine thyroid is used almost exclusively in unregulated dietary supplements. By law these glandulars must be depleted of thyroid hormone, but testing of commercial thyroid supplements has found active T4/T3 in most products. There are no controlled trials showing hormone-free bovine thyroid improves thyroid function, and bovine tissue adds a theoretical concern about transmissible (prion) contamination.","categories":["Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"biombalance","name":"Biombalance (Grape Seed Extract)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"Biombalance is a branded, oligomeric procyanidin (OPC) rich grape seed extract developed by the French plant-chemistry company Groupe Berkem. The seeds are sourced from grapes grown in the Champagne region of France and concentrated for their B-type proanthocyanidins. Unlike most grape seed extracts, which are marketed mainly for antioxidant or blood-pressure support, Biombalance is positioned specifically for gut health. Preclinical and early human research suggest it may support a balanced gut microbiome, ease occasional digestive discomfort, and calm low-grade inflammation in the gut lining, with emerging signals along the gut-brain axis.","categories":["Gut Health","Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"begrape","name":"BeGrape (Grape Seed OPC)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"BeGrape is Groupe Berkem's branded range of grape seed extracts standardized for oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC). The grape seeds are upcycled from hand-harvested Champagne-region vineyards, turning a winemaking by-product into a concentrated antioxidant ingredient. OPC-rich grape seed extracts like BeGrape are among the most studied plant polyphenols, with human evidence for antioxidant activity, healthy blood pressure, and vascular and circulatory support. Berkem also produces a gut-focused product, Biombalance, within the BeGrape range.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"b-romega","name":"B-Romega (Herring Roe Oil)","latinName":"Clupea harengus","shortDescription":"B-Romega is a branded herring roe (caviar) oil developed by Groupe Berkem with the Norwegian marine specialist Arctic Bioscience. Unlike standard fish oil, where omega-3s are carried as triglycerides or ethyl esters, much of the EPA and DHA in herring roe oil is bound to phospholipids, the same form found in cell membranes, which may aid absorption. The oil is upcycled from wild-caught, MSC-certified herring and naturally contains precursors of specialized pro-resolving mediators. It is positioned for heart, brain, eye, and skin health across the lifespan.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory","Eye Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"cocoamind","name":"Cocoamind (Cocoa Extract)","latinName":"Theobroma cacao","shortDescription":"Cocoamind is a branded cocoa extract from Groupe Berkem, made from sun-dried, non-fermented cocoa beans to preserve their natural polyphenols. It is standardized to cocoa flavanols, epicatechin, and theobromine, the compounds most linked to cocoa's effects on the brain. Cocoamind is positioned as a dual-action nutraceutical for mental wellbeing, targeting concentration, memory, mood, and emotional balance. Cocoa flavanols are well studied for short-term gains in attention, mood, and blood flow to the brain, though results across longer trials are mixed.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"dimacal","name":"DimaCal\u00ae (Dicalcium Malate - Balchem/Albion)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"DimaCal is a patented, branded form of dicalcium malate from Balchem (originally Albion Minerals), in which two calcium ions are bound to a single molecule of malic acid, the organic acid found naturally in apples. Its main selling points are a high elemental calcium load, about 29 percent by weight, which is more concentrated than calcium citrate at roughly 21 percent, and good solubility that does not depend on strong stomach acid. That combination is marketed for efficient absorption with less of the bloating, gas, and constipation sometimes linked to calcium carbonate. Like all calcium, it is used mainly to support bone health.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"dicalcium-malate","name":"Dicalcium Malate","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Dicalcium malate is a calcium salt of malic acid in which two calcium ions are bound to one malate molecule. It is valued as a supplement form for its relatively high elemental calcium content, around 29 percent by weight, and for dissolving well without needing strong stomach acid. European food-safety authorities have evaluated di-calcium malate and accepted it as a suitable source of calcium for supplements and foods. Like other calcium forms, it is used primarily to support bone health, and the malate form is often chosen for better tolerability than calcium carbonate. The best-known branded version is DimaCal.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"pureway-c","name":"PureWay-C\u00ae (Vitamin C Lipid Metabolite)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PureWay-C is a branded form of vitamin C from Innovation Laboratories that combines L-ascorbic acid with lipid metabolites (vegetable-derived fatty acids) and citrus bioflavonoids. The idea is that the fatty-acid component acts as a carrier that helps vitamin C enter cells more readily, so the brand is marketed for faster, longer-lasting absorption than plain ascorbic acid. Manufacturer-sponsored cell studies and a small human trial report greater cellular uptake, but independent confirmation is limited. Either way, PureWay-C delivers the same vitamin C your body uses for immune support, antioxidant defense, and collagen formation.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"mycohsa","name":"Mycohsa\u2122 (Probiotic + Amylase Blend \u2014 BIOHM)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Mycohsa\u2122 (formerly BIOHM FX) is a branded gut-health blend from BIOHM Technologies that pairs probiotic bacteria with a beneficial yeast and the enzyme amylase. Most probiotics address only bacteria, but unwanted bacteria and fungi in the gut interact to build thick biofilms, a kind of \"digestive plaque.\" Mycohsa is designed to target both communities at once: the amylase helps break down the biofilm matrix while the bacterial and fungal strains help rebalance the microbiome. It has been evaluated in human clinical studies at 1 billion and 30 billion CFU per day, though the available research to date has been conducted or sponsored by the manufacturer.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"phorum","name":"Phorum\u2122 (Postbiotic \u2014 BIOHM)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Phorum\u2122 is a branded postbiotic from BIOHM Technologies, made from heat-treated (non-living) probiotic strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus 16axg, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 18fx, and the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. Postbiotics are inactivated microbes and their cell fragments, so they are shelf-stable and do not need to be kept alive. Phorum is designed to support immune function through the gut, and in laboratory studies the strains prompt human immune cells to produce cytokines. A human clinical study in active individuals is underway, so human efficacy data are not yet published.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"5-loxin","name":"5-Loxin\u00ae (Boswellia AKBA \u2014 PLT/OmniActive)","latinName":"Boswellia serrata","shortDescription":"5-Loxin\u00ae is a branded Boswellia serrata gum resin extract standardized to a high level (at least 30%) of AKBA (3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid), the single most potent anti-inflammatory boswellic acid. AKBA blocks 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), an enzyme that drives the production of inflammatory leukotrienes in joints. Standardizing to AKBA is what separates 5-Loxin from ordinary boswellia, and it has been tested in several randomized controlled trials for knee osteoarthritis.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"algaecal","name":"AlgaeCal\u00ae (Plant-Sourced Calcium \u2014 Lithothamnion)","latinName":"Lithothamnion superpositum","shortDescription":"AlgaeCal\u00ae is a plant-sourced calcium derived from the marine red algae Lithothamnion, which absorbs calcium, magnesium, and dozens of trace minerals from seawater as it grows. Unlike rock-based calcium carbonate, it delivers calcium alongside its naturally occurring mineral cofactors, and the AlgaeCal Plus formula adds magnesium, boron, and vitamins D3 and K2. It is best known for a multi-year longitudinal study reporting increased, rather than merely maintained, bone mineral density.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"aminogen","name":"Aminogen\u00ae (Protease Enzyme Blend \u2014 Deerland)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Aminogen\u00ae is a patented blend of fungal proteases (protein-digesting enzymes derived from Aspergillus) added to protein powders and meals to improve how well the body breaks down and absorbs protein. By cleaving dietary protein into smaller peptides and free amino acids, it is intended to raise the amount of usable amino acids that reach the bloodstream and to reduce the bloating some people feel after a large protein dose.","categories":["Gut Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ayuflex","name":"Ayuflex\u00ae (Terminalia chebula Extract \u2014 Natreon)","latinName":"Terminalia chebula","shortDescription":"Ayuflex\u00ae is a standardized aqueous extract of the fruit of Terminalia chebula, a tree used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine. Made by Natreon, it is rich in chebulinic acid and other water-soluble polyphenols and is marketed for joint comfort and mobility. A randomized controlled trial in overweight but otherwise healthy adults found benefits for joint discomfort and function.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"astareal","name":"AstaReal\u00ae (Natural Astaxanthin \u2014 Haematococcus pluvialis)","latinName":"Haematococcus pluvialis","shortDescription":"AstaReal\u00ae is a natural astaxanthin, the red xanthophyll carotenoid produced by the freshwater microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. AstaReal is one of the original and most-studied astaxanthin brands, grown in closed cultivation systems for purity. Astaxanthin is among the most potent lipid-soluble antioxidants known, and AstaReal material has been used in clinical research on skin, eye, and exercise-recovery outcomes.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health","Anti-Inflammatory","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"alphasize","name":"AlphaSize\u00ae (Alpha-GPC \u2014 Chemi Nutra)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"AlphaSize\u00ae is a branded, high-purity alpha-GPC (alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine), a choline compound that readily crosses into the brain and serves as a building block for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Made by Chemi Nutra, it is used both as a nootropic for memory and focus and as a sports ingredient for power output and growth hormone response. Alpha-GPC is one of the better-studied cholinergic compounds.","categories":["Cognitive","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"advantra-z","name":"Advantra Z\u00ae (Bitter Orange p-Synephrine \u2014 Nutratech)","latinName":"Citrus aurantium","shortDescription":"Advantra Z\u00ae is a branded bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) extract standardized for p-synephrine, a mild stimulant alkaloid used as an ephedra-free thermogenic. Made by Nutratech, it is studied for modestly raising metabolic rate and fat oxidation, especially around exercise, without the large cardiovascular effects associated with ephedra.","categories":["Weight Management","Energy","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"bacomind","name":"BacoMind\u00ae (Bacopa monnieri Extract \u2014 Natural Remedies)","latinName":"Bacopa monnieri","shortDescription":"BacoMind\u00ae is a branded, full-spectrum Bacopa monnieri extract standardized to a profile of nine bioactive compounds, including the memory-active bacosides. Bacopa is a classic Ayurvedic nootropic herb, and standardized extracts like BacoMind have been studied for memory, learning, and attention, with effects that build over weeks of daily use.","categories":["Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"astapure","name":"AstaPure\u00ae (Natural Astaxanthin \u2014 Algatech)","latinName":"Haematococcus pluvialis","shortDescription":"AstaPure\u00ae is a natural astaxanthin from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, produced by Algatech in closed cultivation for purity. Astaxanthin is a deep-red carotenoid and a lipid-soluble antioxidant carotenoid that has been studied for skin, eye, antioxidant, and exercise-recovery support, mostly in small trials of the astaxanthin class (not AstaPure specifically).","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health","Athletic Performance","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cognizin","name":"Cognizin\u00ae (Citicoline \u2014 Kyowa Hakko)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Cognizin\u00ae is a branded citicoline (cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine, or CDP-choline) from Kyowa Hakko, a naturally occurring compound that supplies choline and supports the brain's production of phospholipids and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is one of the most-studied nootropic ingredients for attention, focus, and brain energy.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"serinaid","name":"SerinAid\u00ae (Phosphatidylserine \u2014 Chemi Nutra)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"SerinAid\u00ae is a branded phosphatidylserine (PS) from Chemi Nutra, a phospholipid that is a major structural component of brain cell membranes. Soy- and sunflower-derived PS is studied for supporting memory and cognition, and for blunting the cortisol response to stress and exercise.","categories":["Cognitive","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"clarinol","name":"Clarinol\u00ae (Conjugated Linoleic Acid \u2014 Stepan Lipid Nutrition)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Clarinol\u00ae is a branded conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid derived from safflower oil and standardized to the two active isomers (c9,t11 and t10,c12). Made by Stepan Lipid Nutrition, CLA is studied as a body-composition aid that may modestly reduce body fat while preserving lean mass, with effects that are real but generally small.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cavacurmin","name":"CavaCurmin\u00ae (Curcumin Gamma-Cyclodextrin \u2014 Wacker)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"CavaCurmin\u00ae is a high-bioavailability curcumin from Wacker in which turmeric curcuminoids are complexed with gamma-cyclodextrin, a ring-shaped carrier sugar that is shown in a pharmacokinetic study to improve curcumin absorption. Ordinary curcumin is poorly absorbed, so the gamma-cyclodextrin complex is designed to deliver more curcumin to the bloodstream; the intent is to support curcumin's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, though this complex was studied for absorption rather than for those outcomes.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"vinitrox","name":"Vinitrox\u2122 (Grape and Apple Polyphenols \u2014 Nexira)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Vinitrox\u2122 is a branded blend of grape and apple polyphenols from Nexira, marketed to support nitric oxide production, blood flow, and physical performance. Polyphenols from grape and apple are recognized for vascular and antioxidant effects, though independent clinical evidence specific to this branded blend is limited and mostly held by the manufacturer.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"fruitflow","name":"Fruitflow\u00ae (Water-Soluble Tomato Extract \u2014 DSM)","latinName":"Solanum lycopersicum","shortDescription":"Fruitflow\u00ae is a water-soluble concentrate made from the clear jelly around tomato seeds, developed to support healthy blood flow by gently reducing the tendency of platelets to clump together. It is one of the few supplement ingredients to hold an authorised European health claim for helping maintain normal platelet aggregation, and its effect has been demonstrated in randomized human trials.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"ester-c","name":"Ester-C\u00ae (Buffered Calcium Ascorbate Vitamin C \u2014 American Health)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ester-C\u00ae is a patented form of vitamin C built around calcium ascorbate plus small amounts of naturally occurring vitamin C metabolites. Because it is buffered (pH-neutral), it is gentler on the stomach than regular ascorbic acid, and the metabolites are marketed to support retention of vitamin C in white blood cells. It is a popular non-acidic vitamin C for daily immune support.","categories":["Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"actazin","name":"Actazin\u00ae (Kiwifruit Extract \u2014 Anagenix)","latinName":"Actinidia deliciosa","shortDescription":"Actazin\u00ae is a cold-pressed green kiwifruit powder from Anagenix that keeps the fruit's fiber, polyphenols, and the natural enzyme actinidin intact. It is used as a gentle, food-based aid for digestive regularity and as a prebiotic that nudges the gut microbiome toward beneficial bacteria, a prebiotic microbiome shift (increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) demonstrated in a human study of kiwifruit capsules; its digestive-regularity use reflects broader green-kiwifruit food evidence.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"biopqq","name":"BioPQQ\u00ae (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone \u2014 Mitsubishi)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BioPQQ\u00ae is a fermentation-produced pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, a vitamin-like redox compound studied for brain and mitochondrial support. PQQ is unusual in that it appears to promote the growth of new mitochondria, the cell's energy producers, and human studies have looked at its effects on memory, attention, and fatigue.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"bergavit","name":"Bergavit\u00ae (Bergamot Flavonoid Extract \u2014 Bionap)","latinName":"Citrus bergamia","shortDescription":"Bergavit\u00ae is a standardized bergamot (Citrus bergamia) fruit extract from Bionap, rich in a characteristic mix of flavonoids including neoeriocitrin, neohesperidin, and the statin-like compounds brutieridin and melitidin. Bergamot flavonoids are studied for supporting healthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels and cardiovascular health.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"beanblock","name":"Beanblock\u00ae (White Kidney Bean Extract \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Phaseolus vulgaris","shortDescription":"Beanblock\u00ae is a standardized white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) extract from Indena that contains natural alpha-amylase inhibitors, compounds that temporarily slow the digestion of dietary starch. By reducing how quickly starch is broken down into sugar, it is used as a carb-management and weight-support ingredient, taken with starchy meals.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"almega-pl","name":"Almega\u00aePL (Microalgae EPA Omega-3 \u2014 Qualitas)","latinName":"Nannochloropsis oculata","shortDescription":"Almega\u00aePL is a vegan omega-3 oil from the microalga Nannochloropsis oculata, made by Qualitas Health. Unusually, it is rich in EPA (rather than the DHA most algae oils provide) and delivers it largely in polar lipid forms (phospholipids and glycolipids) that may aid absorption. It offers a plant-based, fish-free source of the anti-inflammatory omega-3 EPA.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"bergacyn","name":"Bergacyn\u00ae (Bergamot and Cardoon Extract \u2014 Bionap)","latinName":"Citrus bergamia","shortDescription":"Bergacyn\u00ae is a branded combination from Bionap that pairs bergamot (Citrus bergamia) polyphenols with cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) extract. The two plants are combined with the aim of complementary effects on lipids, liver fat, and vascular measures. Most of the human lipid evidence is for bergamot on its own, while the specific Bergacyn\u00ae combination has so far been evaluated in a single published trial (Musolino 2020).","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"bioecolians","name":"BioEcolians\u00ae (Alpha-Glucan Oligosaccharide \u2014 Solabia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BioEcolians\u00ae is a prebiotic alpha-glucan oligosaccharide produced from sucrose by Solabia. Like other prebiotic fibers, it is not digested by the body but is selectively fermented by beneficial gut bacteria, supporting a healthier microbiome. It is used both in digestive supplements and in skincare to support the skin's own microbial balance.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"berriqi","name":"Berriqi\u00ae (Boysenberry and Apple Polyphenols \u2014 Anagenix)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Berriqi\u00ae is a concentrate of New Zealand boysenberry and apple polyphenols from Anagenix, developed to support recovery from airway and respiratory stress. The dark-berry anthocyanins and apple polyphenols are studied for calming airway inflammation and supporting immune recovery, with most of the published mechanistic work in preclinical models.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"biovaflex","name":"Biovaflex\u00ae (Water-Soluble Eggshell Membrane)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Biovaflex\u00ae is a water-soluble eggshell membrane ingredient that naturally contains collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and other connective-tissue compounds. Eggshell membrane is studied for easing joint discomfort and stiffness and supporting flexibility, and Biovaflex has been tested in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"betator","name":"BetaTor\u00ae (HMB Free Acid)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BetaTor\u00ae is a free-acid form of HMB (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate), a metabolite of the amino acid leucine that helps protect muscle from breakdown. The free-acid form is designed to be absorbed faster and reach the bloodstream at higher levels than the older calcium-bound HMB. It is used to support muscle preservation, strength, and recovery, especially around resistance training.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"biotis-gos","name":"Biotis\u00ae GOS (Galacto-Oligosaccharides \u2014 FrieslandCampina)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Biotis\u00ae GOS is a galacto-oligosaccharide prebiotic from FrieslandCampina, a fiber that mimics the oligosaccharides naturally found in milk. GOS is selectively fermented by beneficial gut bacteria, especially bifidobacteria, and is studied for supporting regularity, stool consistency, and a healthier microbiome.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"all-q","name":"All-Q\u00ae (Bioavailable Coenzyme Q10)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"All-Q\u00ae is a tablet-grade, highly bioavailable formulation of Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone), a vitamin-like compound that every cell uses to produce energy and that also acts as a fat-soluble antioxidant. Because plain CoQ10 absorbs poorly, the All-Q formulation was developed for better uptake, demonstrated in a human bioavailability study.","categories":["Energy","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"alphawave-l-theanine","name":"AlphaWave\u00ae L-Theanine (NutriScience)","latinName":"Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"AlphaWave\u00ae is a branded L-theanine from NutriScience, the calming amino acid found naturally in tea. L-theanine promotes a state of relaxed alertness, easing stress and supporting focus without sedation, and AlphaWave has been tested for safety and effects in a 28-day human trial.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Cognitive","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"bonolive","name":"Bonolive\u00ae (Olive Leaf Oleuropein \u2014 BioActor)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Bonolive\u00ae is a standardized olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract from BioActor, concentrated for oleuropein, the main polyphenol in olive leaves. It is studied for supporting bone health in postmenopausal women and for joint function, drawing on oleuropein's antioxidant and bone-supportive actions.","categories":["Bone Health","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"centevita","name":"Centevita\u00ae (Centella asiatica Extract \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Centella asiatica","shortDescription":"Centevita\u00ae is a standardized Centella asiatica (gotu kola) leaf extract from Indena. Centella is a traditional herb valued for supporting microcirculation, connective tissue, and cognition, and Centevita is a characterized extract delivering its active triterpenes and polyphenols.","categories":["Cognitive","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cherrypure","name":"CherryPure\u00ae (Montmorency Tart Cherry \u2014 Shoreline Fruit)","latinName":"Prunus cerasus","shortDescription":"CherryPure\u00ae is a whole-fruit Montmorency tart cherry powder, rich in the anthocyanins that give the cherry its color and most of its benefits. Tart cherry is studied for easing exercise-induced muscle soreness, supporting recovery, lowering uric acid, and improving sleep through its natural melatonin content.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"chitoglucan","name":"Chitoglucan\u00ae (Fungal Chitin-Glucan Fiber \u2014 Kitozyme)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chitoglucan\u00ae is a fungal chitin-glucan fiber from the mycelium of Aspergillus niger, made by Kitozyme. It is an insoluble dietary fiber studied for binding fat and supporting healthy weight and lipid metabolism, offering a non-animal alternative to shellfish-derived chitosan.","categories":["Weight Management","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"curcumax","name":"Curcumax\u00ae (Bioavailable Curcumin)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Curcumax\u00ae is a bioavailable curcumin preparation from turmeric (Curcuma longa). Curcumin is the main anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound in turmeric, and bioavailable forms address its poor natural absorption. Curcumax has been studied in a randomized trial for mood support in postpartum women.","categories":["Mood & Mental Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"curowhite","name":"CuroWhite\u00ae (Hydrogenated Curcuminoids \u2014 Aurea)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"CuroWhite\u00ae is a hydrogenated, near-colorless curcuminoid preparation from Aurea Biolabs, rich in tetrahydrocurcumin. Hydrogenation makes it more stable, more bioavailable, and free of curcumin's bright yellow staining, while retaining strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which makes it useful in both supplements and cosmetics.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cynatine-flx","name":"Cynatine\u00ae FLX (Solubilized Keratin \u2014 Roxlor)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Cynatine\u00ae FLX is a solubilized, bioavailable keratin from Roxlor, formulated for joint support. Keratin is a sulfur-rich structural protein, and the solubilized form is studied for easing joint discomfort and supporting flexibility, with a randomized, placebo-controlled trial behind it.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cyplexinol","name":"Cyplexinol\u00ae (Bone Morphogenetic Protein Complex \u2014 ZyCal)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Cyplexinol\u00ae is a branded complex of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and collagen from ZyCal Bioceuticals, derived from bone. BMPs are signaling proteins involved in bone and cartilage formation, and Cyplexinol is studied for easing joint pain and supporting joint and bone health.","categories":["Joint Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"digeseb","name":"DigeSEB\u00ae (Digestive Enzyme Blend \u2014 Deerland)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"DigeSEB\u00ae is a broad-spectrum digestive enzyme blend from Deerland that combines enzymes for carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and fiber to support more complete digestion of mixed meals. It is used to ease the bloating and discomfort that can follow heavy or hard-to-digest foods.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"epax-omega-3","name":"EPAX\u00ae (Concentrated Omega-3 Fish Oil)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"EPAX\u00ae is a brand of concentrated, purified fish oil omega-3s (EPA and DHA) from Pelagia, used in supplements where a clinically relevant, well-characterized omega-3 dose matters. EPA and DHA are the long-chain marine omega-3s with the strongest evidence for heart, brain, and inflammatory health.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"exceptionhyal","name":"Exceptionhyal\u00ae (Full-Spectrum Hyaluronic Acid \u2014 Roelmi)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Exceptionhyal\u00ae is an oral hyaluronic acid from Roelmi HPC that provides a full spectrum of molecular weights rather than a single size. Different-sized hyaluronan fragments act in different ways in the skin, and the full-spectrum approach is designed to support hydration, elasticity, and a smoother complexion from within, as shown in a clinical skin study.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"flexpro-md","name":"FlexPro MD\u00ae (Collagen, Hyaluronic Acid and Boswellia Joint Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"FlexPro MD\u00ae is a joint-health blend that combines low-molecular-weight collagen peptides, hyaluronic acid, and Boswellia serrata extract. The three ingredients target joint comfort, lubrication, and inflammation together, and the combination has been tested in a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"glisodin","name":"GliSODin\u00ae (Vegetal SOD with Gliadin \u2014 Isocell)","latinName":"Cucumis melo","shortDescription":"GliSODin\u00ae is a plant-derived superoxide dismutase (SOD) from a special melon (Cucumis melo), combined with a wheat gliadin carrier that protects the enzyme through digestion. SOD is one of the body's primary antioxidant enzymes, and GliSODin is studied for supporting the body's own antioxidant defenses, skin, immune balance, and exercise recovery.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"gutgard","name":"GutGard\u00ae (Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice \u2014 Natural Remedies)","latinName":"Glycyrrhiza glabra","shortDescription":"GutGard\u00ae is a flavonoid-rich licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract from Natural Remedies, processed to remove most glycyrrhizin (the compound that can raise blood pressure). This makes it a gentler licorice for digestive use, and it is studied for easing reflux, indigestion, and supporting the stomach lining.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"insea2","name":"InSea2\u00ae (Brown Seaweed Polyphenols \u2014 InnoVactiv)","latinName":"Ascophyllum nodosum","shortDescription":"InSea2\u00ae is a blend of polyphenols from two brown seaweeds, Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus, from InnoVactiv. The seaweed polyphenols slow the digestive enzymes that break down starch and sugar, helping blunt the rise in blood sugar after carbohydrate-rich meals.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"kaneka-ubiquinol","name":"Kaneka Ubiquinol\u2122 (Reduced Coenzyme Q10)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Kaneka Ubiquinol\u2122 is the reduced, active form of Coenzyme Q10 from Kaneka, the body's preferred form for antioxidant action. Because aging and some conditions reduce the body's ability to convert ordinary CoQ10 (ubiquinone) to ubiquinol, the pre-reduced form is marketed for better uptake, supporting cellular energy, heart health, and fertility.","categories":["Energy","Cardiovascular","Fertility"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"linumlife","name":"LinumLife\u00ae (Flaxseed Lignan Extract \u2014 IFF)","latinName":"Linum usitatissimum","shortDescription":"LinumLife\u00ae is a flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) hull extract standardized for lignans, especially SDG (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside). Flax lignans are converted by gut bacteria into enterolignans, plant compounds with mild estrogen-balancing activity, and LinumLife is studied for easing menopausal symptoms.","categories":["Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"neopuntia","name":"NeOpuntia\u00ae (Cactus Fiber \u2014 Bio Serae)","latinName":"Opuntia ficus-indica","shortDescription":"NeOpuntia\u00ae is a dehydrated cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) leaf product from Bio Serae, with a fiber that binds dietary fat in the gut. By trapping some fat and carrying it out of the body, it is used as a fat-binder for weight management and to support healthy blood lipids.","categories":["Weight Management","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"novasol-curcumin","name":"NovaSOL\u00ae Curcumin (Liquid Micellar Curcumin \u2014 Aquanova)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"NovaSOL\u00ae Curcumin is a liquid micellar curcumin from Aquanova, in which curcumin is packaged into tiny micelles that dissolve in water. This dramatically increases curcumin's notoriously poor absorption, making far more of the active compound available for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"optimsm","name":"OptiMSM\u00ae (Methylsulfonylmethane \u2014 Bergstrom)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"OptiMSM\u00ae is a high-purity, distilled methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) from Bergstrom Nutrition, the most-studied branded MSM. MSM is an organic sulfur compound that supports joints, connective tissue, and recovery, and the distilled OptiMSM grade is valued for its purity and consistency.","categories":["Joint Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"oligopin","name":"Oligopin\u00ae (French Maritime Pine Bark Extract \u2014 DRT)","latinName":"Pinus pinaster","shortDescription":"Oligopin\u00ae is a French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark extract from DRT, standardized for low-molecular-weight oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs). These antioxidant polyphenols are studied for supporting blood-vessel function, healthy circulation, and cardiometabolic markers.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"morinaga-bb536","name":"Morinaga BB536 (Bifidobacterium longum BB536)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Morinaga BB536 is a well-studied probiotic strain of Bifidobacterium longum from Morinaga Milk Industry, used for decades in foods and supplements. It is studied for supporting gut balance, regularity, and immune function, and has one of the longer safety and research records among branded probiotic strains.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"eupoly-3","name":"Eupoly-3\u00ae (DHA and EPA Omega-3)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Eupoly-3\u00ae is an omega-3 ingredient providing the long-chain fatty acids DHA and EPA. These marine omega-3s are essential structural and signaling fats, with strong evidence for heart and brain health and for raising the body's omega-3 status.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"oleactiv","name":"Oleactiv\u00ae (Polyphenol-Rich Blend \u2014 Fytexia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Oleactiv\u00ae is a polyphenol-rich ingredient from Fytexia, formulated to support cardiovascular and vascular health. Its blend of plant polyphenols is studied for anti-atherosclerotic and endothelial-supportive effects, helping maintain healthy blood vessels.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"recoverben","name":"Recoverben\u00ae (Lemon Verbena Extract \u2014 Monteloeder)","latinName":"Aloysia citriodora","shortDescription":"Recoverben\u00ae is a lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora) extract from Monteloeder, standardized for verbascoside and other polyphenols. It is studied for easing exercise-induced muscle damage and soreness and supporting faster recovery, drawing on the herb's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"slimpro","name":"SlimPro\u00ae (Fish Protein Hydrolysate \u2014 Diana)","latinName":"Micromesistius poutassou","shortDescription":"SlimPro\u00ae is a fish protein hydrolysate from blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), produced by Diana Food. Its small peptides are studied for stimulating the body's own appetite-regulating hormones, helping reduce hunger and support weight management. To date the evidence comes from a single manufacturer-sponsored clinical trial.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"soylife","name":"SoyLife\u00ae (Soy Germ Isoflavones \u2014 IFF)","latinName":"Glycine max","shortDescription":"SoyLife\u00ae is a soy germ isoflavone ingredient, concentrating the natural isoflavones of the soybean germ. Isoflavones are plant compounds with mild estrogen-like activity, studied for easing menopausal symptoms, supporting bone health, and supporting hormonal balance in both women and men.","categories":["Women's Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"staimune","name":"StaiMune\u00ae (Inactivated Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 \u2014 Kerry)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"StaiMune\u00ae is a postbiotic from Kerry made of inactivated (heat-killed) Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 cells. As a non-living postbiotic, it is shelf-stable and does not need refrigeration, and it is studied for supporting immune function through interaction with the gut immune system.","categories":["Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"fiit-ns","name":"Fiit-ns\u00ae (Fruit Polyphenol Extract \u2014 Fytexia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Fiit-ns\u00ae is a fruit-derived polyphenol extract from Fytexia, developed to support weight and metabolic health. In a single 12-week manufacturer-sponsored trial (Cases 2015, 900 mg/day), its polyphenols were studied for supporting body-composition and metabolic measures as part of a healthy lifestyle; the outcomes were largely self-reported and the trial has not been independently replicated.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"lipofer","name":"Lipofer\u00ae (Microencapsulated Iron \u2014 Lubrizol)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Lipofer\u00ae is a microencapsulated iron from Lubrizol Life Science, in which iron is coated in a protective matrix. The encapsulation is intended to improve tolerability and absorption and to reduce the metallic taste and digestive upset that often come with ordinary iron. The tolerability and absorption evidence cited for this ingredient comes from an iron-deficient rat model, not a human trial.","categories":["Energy","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"thymocid","name":"Thymocid\u00ae (Black Cumin Seed Extract \u2014 Natural Remedies)","latinName":"Nigella sativa","shortDescription":"Thymocid\u00ae is a standardized black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed extract from Natural Remedies, concentrated for thymoquinone and related compounds. Black cumin has a long history in traditional medicine, and modern research focuses on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-balancing actions.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"turmacin","name":"Turmacin\u00ae (Water-Soluble Turmeric Polysaccharides \u2014 Natural Remedies)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Turmacin\u00ae is a water-soluble turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract from Natural Remedies, standardized not for curcumin but for turmerosaccharides, the polysaccharide compounds of turmeric. These water-soluble compounds are studied for supporting joint comfort and mobility through a different mechanism than curcumin.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"vitafiber","name":"VitaFiber\u00ae (Isomalto-Oligosaccharide \u2014 BioNeutra)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"VitaFiber\u00ae is an isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) from BioNeutra, a fiber and low-glycemic sweetener made from starch. It provides prebiotic fiber that feeds beneficial gut bacteria while adding gentle sweetness, and is used in low-sugar foods and supplements.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"oxxynea","name":"Oxxynea\u00ae (Fruit and Vegetable Polyphenols \u2014 Fytexia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Oxxynea\u00ae is a concentrated blend of fruit and vegetable polyphenols from Fytexia, designed to provide the antioxidant value of several servings of produce in a small dose. It is marketed as an antioxidant and cardiovascular-support ingredient, delivering a broad mix of plant polyphenols.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"bodybalance","name":"BODYBALANCE\u00ae (Bioactive Collagen Peptides \u2014 Gelita)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BODYBALANCE\u00ae is a specific bioactive collagen peptide from Gelita, optimized to support muscle and body composition when combined with resistance training. The collagen peptides supply amino acids that, paired with exercise, are studied for increasing lean mass and reducing fat mass.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cranmax","name":"Cranmax\u00ae (Whole Cranberry Concentrate \u2014 Decas)","latinName":"Vaccinium macrocarpon","shortDescription":"Cranmax\u00ae is a whole-fruit cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) concentrate from Decas Botanical Synergies, capturing the cranberry's juice, seeds, and skin. Cranberry is best known for supporting urinary tract health, largely through compounds that help keep bacteria from sticking to the bladder wall.","categories":["Immune Support","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"fibersol","name":"Fibersol\u00ae (Digestion-Resistant Maltodextrin \u2014 ADM/Matsutani)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Fibersol\u00ae is a digestion-resistant maltodextrin, a soluble prebiotic fiber made from cornstarch, co-developed by ADM and Matsutani. It dissolves clear and tasteless, making it easy to add to foods and drinks, and is studied for supporting satiety, healthy blood sugar, and regularity.","categories":["Gut Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"red-orange-complex","name":"Red Orange Complex\u00ae (Moro Blood Orange Extract \u2014 Bionap)","latinName":"Citrus sinensis","shortDescription":"Red Orange Complex\u00ae is a standardized extract of three Sicilian red (blood) oranges, including the Moro variety, from Bionap. Rich in anthocyanins, flavanones, and vitamin C, it is marketed for oral photoprotection and skin support, though the human trial cited on this page evaluated weight management rather than skin.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"synapsa","name":"Synapsa\u00ae (Bacopa monnieri Extract \u2014 KeyView)","latinName":"Bacopa monnieri","shortDescription":"Synapsa\u00ae is a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract studied specifically for memory and cognitive performance. Bacopa is a classic Ayurvedic brain herb, and Synapsa is one of the clinically researched standardized extracts, delivering the memory-active bacosides over weeks of daily use.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"phosphocomplex","name":"Phosphocomplex\u00ae (Silybin Phytosome \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Silybum marianum","shortDescription":"Phosphocomplex\u00ae is a silybin phytosome from Indena, in which silybin (the main active of milk thistle) is bound to phosphatidylcholine to greatly improve its otherwise poor absorption. Silybin is studied for supporting liver health and protecting liver cells from oxidative and metabolic stress.","categories":["Liver Health","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"fabenol","name":"Fabenol\u00ae (White Kidney Bean Extract \u2014 Indena)","latinName":"Phaseolus vulgaris","shortDescription":"Fabenol\u00ae is a standardized white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) extract from Indena that inhibits alpha-amylase, the enzyme that digests starch. By temporarily slowing starch breakdown, it reduces the sugar and calories absorbed from starchy meals, supporting weight and carbohydrate management.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"bilberon","name":"Bilberon\u00ae (Standardized Bilberry Extract)","latinName":"Vaccinium myrtillus","shortDescription":"Bilberon\u00ae is a standardized bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) extract concentrated for anthocyanins, the deep-blue pigments behind bilberry's eye-health reputation. Bilberry has a long history of use for vision and is studied for supporting the eye's focusing muscle and protecting against oxidative stress.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"fibruline","name":"Fibruline\u00ae (Chicory Inulin \u2014 Cosucra)","latinName":"Cichorium intybus","shortDescription":"Fibruline\u00ae is a chicory-root inulin from Cosucra, a prebiotic dietary fiber. Inulin-type fructans feed beneficial gut bacteria, support digestive regularity, and are studied for modest benefits in weight and appetite management, all while adding mild sweetness and texture to foods.","categories":["Gut Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"neobee","name":"NEOBEE\u00ae (Medium-Chain Triglycerides \u2014 Stepan)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"NEOBEE\u00ae is a line of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) from Stepan, fats made of shorter fatty-acid chains than typical dietary fat. MCTs are absorbed and burned quickly for energy rather than stored, and are studied for supporting body composition and providing fast, usable fuel.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cera-q","name":"Cera-Q\u00ae (Silk Fibroin Peptides)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Cera-Q is a peptide ingredient derived from silk fibroin, the protein of silkworm cocoons, studied for supporting memory. Also known as BF-7, the silk fibroin enzymatic hydrolysate has been examined in a small placebo-controlled human study that reported dose-dependent memory improvement, though independent evidence is still limited.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"champex","name":"Champex\u00ae (Champignon Mushroom Extract \u2014 Agaricus bisporus)","latinName":"Agaricus bisporus","shortDescription":"Champex\u00ae is a standardized extract of the common champignon mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), studied mainly for reducing body and breath odor. By supporting a healthier gut environment and binding odor-causing compounds, it is positioned as an inside-out approach to fresh breath and reduced body odor.","categories":["Gut Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"chitoclear","name":"ChitoClear\u00ae (Chitosan \u2014 Primex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"ChitoClear\u00ae is a high-purity chitosan from Primex, a fiber-like compound derived from the shells of cold-water shrimp. Chitosan carries a positive charge that lets it bind dietary fat and bile in the gut, and it is studied for supporting modest weight management and healthy cholesterol.","categories":["Weight Management","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"benolea","name":"Benolea\u00ae (Olive Leaf Extract \u2014 EFLA 943)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Benolea\u00ae is a standardized olive leaf (Olea europaea) extract, known by the EFLA 943 designation, concentrated for oleuropein. Olive leaf polyphenols are studied for supporting healthy blood pressure and broader cardiovascular and metabolic markers as part of a Mediterranean-style approach to heart health.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"appethyl","name":"Appethyl\u00ae (Spinach Thylakoid Extract)","latinName":"Spinacia oleracea","shortDescription":"Appethyl\u00ae is a concentrated spinach (Spinacia oleracea) thylakoid extract, the green chlorophyll-containing membranes of spinach leaves. Taken before meals, thylakoids slow fat digestion and boost satiety hormones, and are studied for reducing hunger and cravings to support weight management.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cardioaid","name":"CardioAid\u00ae (Plant Sterols \u2014 ADM)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"CardioAid\u00ae is a plant sterol (phytosterol) ingredient from ADM, used to support healthy cholesterol. Plant sterols are among the best-established functional ingredients for cholesterol management: they block the absorption of dietary cholesterol in the gut, and authorities recognize their LDL-lowering effect.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"vitaflavan","name":"Vitaflavan\u00ae (Grape Seed Extract)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"Vitaflavan\u00ae is a French grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extract standardized for oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), among the most powerful plant antioxidants. Grape seed OPCs are studied for supporting blood-vessel health, antioxidant defense, and, in women, menopause-related comfort and body composition.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"phase-2","name":"Phase 2\u00ae (White Kidney Bean Extract \u2014 Ashland)","latinName":"Phaseolus vulgaris","shortDescription":"Phase 2\u00ae is a white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) extract from Ashland (originally developed by Pharmachem), the original and most-studied carbohydrate-blocker ingredient. It inhibits alpha-amylase, the enzyme that digests starch, so fewer starch calories are absorbed from a meal, supporting weight and carbohydrate management.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"genivida","name":"GeniVida\u00ae (Genistein)","latinName":"Glycine max","shortDescription":"GeniVida\u00ae is a pure-isomer genistein, a soy isoflavone, studied for supporting women's health around menopause. Unlike whole soy extracts, GeniVida delivers a single well-defined isoflavone, and clinical research has examined its effects on bone metabolism and menopausal comfort.","categories":["Women's Health","Menopause Support","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cinaran","name":"Cinaran\u00ae (Artichoke Leaf Extract)","latinName":"Cynara scolymus","shortDescription":"Cinaran\u00ae is a standardized artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract concentrated for cynarin and chlorogenic acid. Artichoke has a long history as a digestive and liver tonic, and modern trials study it for supporting liver health, healthy cholesterol, and comfortable digestion by stimulating bile flow.","categories":["Liver Health","Cardiovascular","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"adomet-same","name":"AdoMet (S-Adenosylmethionine, SAMe)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"AdoMet is the biochemistry name for S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a compound your body makes from the amino acid methionine and ATP. It is the main methyl donor for hundreds of reactions, from building neurotransmitters to maintaining cartilage and recycling the antioxidant glutathione in the liver. As a supplement, SAMe has been studied for supporting a positive mood, easing osteoarthritis joint discomfort, and supporting liver function, with additional research in fibromyalgia. Doses commonly run 400 to 1,600 mg per day of an enteric-coated, stabilized salt, taken on an empty stomach.","categories":["Joint Health","Mood & Mental Health","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":5},{"id":"benexia","name":"Benexia\u00ae (Chia Seed \u2014 Salvia hispanica)","latinName":"Salvia hispanica","shortDescription":"Benexia\u00ae is a premium chia (Salvia hispanica) seed ingredient, available as seeds, oil, and powder. Chia is one of the richest plant sources of omega-3 ALA and provides abundant soluble fiber and protein, and is studied for supporting heart health, healthy body composition, and digestion.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Weight Management","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"estraflex-cmo","name":"Estraflex\u00ae CMO (Cetylated Fatty Acids)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Estraflex\u00ae CMO supplies cetylated fatty acids, a group of fats including cetyl myristoleate (CMO) studied for joint health. These specialized fatty acids appear to lubricate and calm the joints, and clinical research has examined them for improving comfort and function in osteoarthritis.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"benegut","name":"BeneGut\u00ae (Perilla Extract \u2014 Vital Solutions)","latinName":"Perilla frutescens","shortDescription":"BeneGut\u00ae is a standardized perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaf extract from Vital Solutions, developed for digestive comfort. Perilla is rich in rosmarinic acid and other polyphenols, and a clinical study found the extract eased everyday gastrointestinal discomfort such as bloating, rumbling, and feelings of fullness.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"selectsieve-apple-pcq","name":"SelectSIEVE\u00ae Apple PCQ (Apple Polyphenols)","latinName":"Malus domestica","shortDescription":"SelectSIEVE\u00ae Apple PCQ is a standardized apple (Malus domestica) polyphenol extract concentrated for procyanidins. Apple polyphenols are potent antioxidants, and a clinical trial found that supplementing with them supported skin condition in healthy women, the basis for the ingredient's beauty-from-within positioning.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"fabuless","name":"Fabuless\u00ae (Structured Lipid Emulsion)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Fabuless\u00ae (also sold as Olibra) is a structured emulsion of palm and oat oils designed to prolong fullness and reduce later food intake. The idea is that the special emulsion reaches the lower gut intact and triggers the body's natural appetite brake. Clinical results have been mixed, with some trials showing reduced intake and others showing no effect.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"osteol","name":"Osteol\u00ae (Olive Polyphenol Extract)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Osteol\u00ae is a standardized olive (Olea europaea) polyphenol extract studied for bone health. In a twelve-month clinical trial, an olive polyphenol extract raised a marker of bone formation and improved cholesterol in postmenopausal women with low bone density, supporting its positioning for bone and cardiovascular health.","categories":["Bone Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"b-2cool","name":"B-2Cool\u00ae (Undenatured Type II Collagen)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"B-2Cool\u00ae supplies undenatured (native) type II collagen, a low-dose joint ingredient that works differently from regular collagen. Rather than acting as a building block, a tiny daily dose is thought to retrain the immune system to stop attacking joint cartilage, and a clinical trial of UC-II\u00ae (a different brand of undenatured type II collagen, not B-2Cool\u00ae specifically) reported better knee comfort and flexibility in adults with knee osteoarthritis.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"mbp","name":"MBP\u00ae (Milk Basic Protein)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MBP\u00ae (Milk Basic Protein) is a fraction of whey protein concentrated for the bone-active proteins of milk. Unlike calcium, which supplies raw material, MBP is thought to act on the bone-building and bone-resorbing cells themselves, and clinical trials found it increased bone mineral density in healthy women.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"hi-omega-7","name":"Hi-Omega-7\u00ae (Palmitoleic Acid Omega-7)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Hi-Omega-7\u00ae supplies omega-7 fatty acids, chiefly palmitoleic acid, a monounsaturated fat found in sea buckthorn and macadamia. Omega-7 is studied mainly for supporting skin barrier health, with a clinical trial showing improved skin barrier function, though evidence for metabolic and inflammatory benefits is mixed.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"simag","name":"SiMag\u00ae (Sucrosomial\u00ae Magnesium)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"SiMag\u00ae is a Sucrosomial\u00ae form of magnesium, in which the mineral is wrapped in a protective phospholipid-and-sucrester coating to improve absorption (and, per the manufacturer, gut tolerance). It delivers well-absorbed magnesium for muscle, nerve, sleep, and bone health and is marketed as gentler on the stomach than common magnesium salts, though this tolerance advantage has not been confirmed in a clinical trial.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Sleep Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"glycomega-plus","name":"GlycOmega-PLUS\u00ae (Green-Lipped Mussel)","latinName":"Perna canaliculus","shortDescription":"GlycOmega-plus\u00ae is a green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) powder from New Zealand, a marine source of omega-3 fatty acids and glycosaminoglycans studied for joint health. The unique marine omega-3 profile and joint-supporting compounds make it a popular natural option for joint comfort.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cureit","name":"Cureit\u00ae (Complete Natural Turmeric Matrix)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Cureit\u00ae is a bioavailable turmeric (Curcuma longa) ingredient that keeps the full natural matrix of turmeric, not just isolated curcumin, to improve absorption. It is studied for anti-inflammatory and recovery benefits, including a clinical trial supporting muscle health in older adults.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"brox-25","name":"Brox-25\u00ae (Bromelain)","latinName":"Ananas comosus","shortDescription":"Brox-25\u00ae is a bromelain ingredient, the protein-digesting enzyme complex from pineapple (Ananas comosus) stems. Bromelain is studied for supporting a healthy inflammatory response, easing post-procedure swelling, and aiding protein digestion, making it a versatile enzyme supplement. Note: there is no Brox-25\u00ae-specific clinical trial; the evidence here reflects generic bromelain (the ingredient class), not this particular branded extract.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"go-less","name":"Go-Less\u00ae (Pumpkin Seed and Soybean Germ Extract)","latinName":"Cucurbita pepo","shortDescription":"Go-Less\u00ae combines pumpkin seed extract with soybean germ extract to support bladder control. Pumpkin seed has traditional use for urinary health, and clinical research on pumpkin seed found improvements in overactive-bladder symptoms, the basis for Go-Less as a natural bladder-support ingredient.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Women's Health","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"sod-b-dimpless","name":"SOD B Dimpless\u00ae (Melon Superoxide Dismutase)","latinName":"Cucumis melo","shortDescription":"SOD B Dimpless\u00ae is a melon (Cucumis melo) concentrate naturally rich in superoxide dismutase (SOD), one of the body's master antioxidant enzymes. The melon SOD concentrate is studied for reducing oxidative stress and fatigue, and the Dimpless form is marketed specifically to support smoother-looking skin.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"i-sabi","name":"i-Sabi\u00ae (Wasabi Extract \u2014 6-MSITC)","latinName":"Eutrema japonicum","shortDescription":"i-Sabi\u00ae is a standardized wasabi (Eutrema japonicum) extract delivering 6-MSITC, the bioactive isothiocyanate behind wasabi's pungency. Beyond its culinary kick, 6-MSITC is studied for brain health, and a randomized controlled trial found wasabi extract improved memory in healthy older adults.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"verilla","name":"Verilla\u00ae (Perilla Extract for Seasonal Allergy)","latinName":"Perilla frutescens","shortDescription":"Verilla\u00ae is a standardized perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaf extract enriched for rosmarinic acid, studied for easing seasonal allergy symptoms. Where perilla is also used for digestive comfort, Verilla targets the runny nose, sneezing, and itchy eyes of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with a natural, non-drowsy approach.","categories":["Respiratory Health","Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"amealpeptide","name":"AmealPeptide\u00ae (Casein Lactotripeptides VPP and IPP)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"AmealPeptide\u00ae is a casein-derived ingredient supplying the lactotripeptides VPP (valyl-prolyl-proline) and IPP (isoleucyl-prolyl-proline), developed from a fermentation process pioneered with the Calpis fermented-milk tradition. These small milk peptides act like a gentle, natural ACE inhibitor and are studied for supporting healthy blood pressure.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"akbamax","name":"AKBAMax\u00ae / BosPure\u00ae (Boswellia serrata Standardized to AKBA \u2014 Arjuna)","latinName":"Boswellia serrata","shortDescription":"AKBAMax\u00ae (also sold as BosPure\u00ae) is a Boswellia serrata extract from Arjuna Natural, specially standardized for AKBA (acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid), the most potent anti-inflammatory compound in boswellia. Concentrating AKBA gives a more powerful joint and inflammation support than ordinary boswellia.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"benfopure","name":"BenfoPure\u00ae (Benfotiamine \u2014 Vitamin B1 Derivative)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BenfoPure\u00ae is a high-purity benfotiamine, a fat-soluble form of thiamine (vitamin B1) from Hamari Chemicals. Because it is fat-soluble, benfotiamine is absorbed far better than ordinary thiamine and is studied for supporting healthy glucose metabolism and nerve health, especially in people with blood-sugar challenges.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ayuric","name":"Ayuric\u00ae (Terminalia bellirica Extract for Uric Acid \u2014 Natreon)","latinName":"Terminalia bellirica","shortDescription":"Ayuric\u00ae is a standardized extract of the fruit of Terminalia bellirica (bibhitaki), a tree fruit used in Ayurveda. It is studied for supporting healthy uric acid levels by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, the same enzyme targeted by conventional uric-acid drugs, making it a natural option for joint and uric-acid support.","categories":["Joint Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"appleactiv","name":"AppleActiv\u00ae (Dried Apple Peel Polyphenols \u2014 Leahy Orchards)","latinName":"Malus domestica","shortDescription":"AppleActiv\u00ae is a dried apple peel powder (DAPP) from Leahy Orchards, capturing the polyphenol-rich peel that is usually discarded. Apple peel holds several times the polyphenols of the flesh, including quercetin and ursolic acid, and AppleActiv is positioned for joint comfort and antioxidant support. Independent clinical evidence is still limited.","categories":["Joint Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"a-lacys-reset","name":"\u03b1-Lacys Reset\u00ae (Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Cysteine Complex \u2014 Nutraceutics)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"\u03b1-Lacys Reset\u00ae is a patented antioxidant complex of alpha-lipoic acid, the amino acid cysteine, and magnesium, best known as an ingredient in weight-management formulas. The combination is designed to support the body's redox balance and energy metabolism. Evidence comes mainly from company-sponsored research, so benefits should be viewed with realistic expectations.","categories":["Weight Management","Antioxidant","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"activin","name":"ActiVin\u00ae (Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"ActiVin\u00ae is a grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extract standardized for proanthocyanidins (OPCs), produced by a water-based extraction and holding GRAS status. Like other grape seed extracts, it is valued for potent antioxidant activity and support for blood-vessel health.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"aroniapure","name":"AroniaPURE\u00ae (Chokeberry Powder)","latinName":"Aronia melanocarpa","shortDescription":"AroniaPURE\u00ae is a chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) powder from Anderson Advanced Ingredients, made from one of the richer dietary sources of anthocyanins. Aronia is loaded with anthocyanins and is studied for supporting a healthy lipid profile and antioxidant defense.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"acaivida","name":"AcaiVida\u00ae (A\u00e7a\u00ed Berry Extract)","latinName":"Euterpe oleracea","shortDescription":"AcaiVida\u00ae is an a\u00e7a\u00ed (Euterpe oleracea) berry ingredient, the deep-purple Amazonian fruit prized for its antioxidant anthocyanins and healthy fats. A\u00e7a\u00ed has been examined in early research for antioxidant and metabolic markers, though human evidence is preliminary.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"amlaac","name":"Amlaac\u00ae (Amla / Indian Gooseberry Extract)","latinName":"Phyllanthus emblica","shortDescription":"Amlaac\u00ae is a standardized extract of amla (Phyllanthus emblica), the Indian gooseberry, one of the most revered fruits in Ayurveda. Exceptionally rich in vitamin C and polyphenols, amla is studied for supporting healthy cholesterol, blood sugar, and antioxidant status.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"aurorablue","name":"AuroraBlue\u00ae (Wild Alaskan Blueberry Complex)","latinName":"Vaccinium","shortDescription":"AuroraBlue\u00ae is a whole-berry complex of wild Alaskan blueberries and bilberries (several Vaccinium species) from Denali BioTechnologies. Grown in the harsh Alaskan climate, the berries develop exceptionally high antioxidant levels, and the ingredient is positioned for antioxidant support. Human clinical evidence is still limited.","categories":["Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"apigenius","name":"Apigenius\u00ae (Apigenin)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Apigenius\u00ae supplies apigenin, a flavonoid found in chamomile, parsley, and celery that is best known as the calming compound in chamomile tea. Apigenin is used in relaxation and sleep formulas, though human clinical evidence for the isolated compound is still limited and mostly preliminary.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"barleytrim","name":"BarleyTrim\u00ae (Barley Beta-Glucan)","latinName":"Hordeum vulgare","shortDescription":"BarleyTrim\u00ae is a barley (Hordeum vulgare) beta-glucan, a soluble fiber recognized by health authorities for lowering cholesterol. The same gel-forming fiber also supports steadier blood sugar and digestive health, making barley beta-glucan one of the best-established heart-healthy fibers.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"advasterol","name":"Advasterol\u00ae (Plant Sterols \u2014 Kensing)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Advasterol\u00ae is a plant sterol (phytosterol) ingredient from Kensing, used to support healthy cholesterol. Plant sterols are among the best-established cholesterol-lowering ingredients: taken at about 2 grams per day, they block the absorption of dietary cholesterol and reliably lower LDL.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"acti-joint","name":"Acti-Joint\u00ae (Glucosamine, Chondroitin and Hyaluronic Acid \u2014 Bioiberica)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Acti-Joint\u00ae is a joint-health complex from Bioiberica combining glucosamine, high-purity chondroitin sulfate, and a hyaluronic-acid-rich ingredient (Mobilee). It targets the main structures of the joint, cartilage, synovial fluid, and subchondral bone, with a formula built around the well-studied glucosamine and chondroitin combination.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"allolive","name":"AllOlive\u00ae (Full-Spectrum Olive Extract \u2014 Natac)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"AllOlive\u00ae is a full-spectrum olive (Olea europaea) extract from Natac that concentrates the main compounds of the olive plant, oleuropein, pentacyclic triterpenes, hydroxytyrosol, and tocopherols, in a single standardized ingredient. The aim is to deliver the broad benefits of olive polyphenols rather than a single isolated compound.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"biovaderm","name":"BiovaDerm\u00ae (Water-Soluble Eggshell Membrane for Skin \u2014 Biova)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BiovaDerm\u00ae is a water-soluble eggshell membrane from Biova, developed for skin health. The eggshell membrane naturally contains collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and glycosaminoglycans, the same building blocks that keep skin firm and hydrated, delivered in a single ingredient. Dedicated clinical evidence is still emerging.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"bluenesse","name":"Bluenesse\u00ae (Lemon Balm Extract \u2014 Vital Solutions)","latinName":"Melissa officinalis","shortDescription":"Bluenesse\u00ae is a proprietary lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) leaf extract from Vital Solutions, standardized for rosmarinic acid and developed for calm, focused cognition. Lemon balm has a long history as a calming herb, and modern trials show it can sharpen alertness and memory while easing stress, often within hours.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"vitacholine","name":"VitaCholine\u00ae (Choline Bitartrate \u2014 Balchem)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"VitaCholine\u00ae is a high-quality choline L-bitartrate from Balchem. Choline is an essential nutrient that the body uses to make acetylcholine (a key memory neurotransmitter) and phosphatidylcholine (a building block of cell membranes), and it plays important roles in brain development, liver fat metabolism, and methylation.","categories":["Cognitive","Liver Health","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"vitamk7","name":"VitaMK7\u00ae (Vitamin K2 as MK-7 \u2014 Gnosis)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"VitaMK7\u00ae is a natural vitamin K2 in the menaquinone-7 (MK-7) form from Gnosis, produced by fermentation of Bacillus subtilis natto and standardized to over 99% of the active all-trans isomer. Vitamin K2 directs calcium into bones and away from arteries, supporting both bone strength and cardiovascular health.","categories":["Bone Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"mucosave-fg","name":"MucoSave\u00ae FG (Prickly Pear and Olive Extract \u2014 Bionap)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"MucoSave\u00ae FG is a Bionap ingredient combining polysaccharides from prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes with biophenols from olive (Olea europaea) leaves, developed to support the upper digestive tract. It forms a protective, soothing film over sensitive mucous membranes and is studied for easing reflux and digestive discomfort.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"broccoraphanin","name":"BroccoRaphanin\u00ae (Broccoli Seed Glucoraphanin)","latinName":"Brassica oleracea","shortDescription":"BroccoRaphanin\u00ae is a broccoli (Brassica oleracea) seed extract standardized for glucoraphanin, the precursor the body converts into sulforaphane. Sulforaphane is a powerful activator of the body's own antioxidant and detoxification enzymes, making BroccoRaphanin a popular ingredient for cellular protection and detox support.","categories":["Detox & Cleanse","Antioxidant","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"celery3nb","name":"Celery3nB\u00ae (Celery Seed Extract Standardized to 3nB)","latinName":"Apium graveolens","shortDescription":"Celery3nB\u00ae is a celery (Apium graveolens) seed extract standardized for 3-n-butylphthalide (3nB), the compound that gives celery its aroma and much of its traditional use for blood pressure and joint comfort. It is positioned for healthy blood pressure and uric-acid support, though human clinical evidence is still limited.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"evnol","name":"EVNol\u00ae (Palm Tocotrienol Complex \u2014 ExcelVite)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"EVNol\u00ae is a full-spectrum palm tocotrienol and tocopherol complex from ExcelVite, delivering the less-common tocotrienol forms of vitamin E along with naturally co-extracted phytonutrients. Tocotrienols are potent antioxidants studied for supporting liver, heart, and brain health, with EVNol researched in fatty liver and cholesterol.","categories":["Liver Health","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"prodiet-lactoferrin","name":"Prodiet\u00ae Lactoferrin (Native Bovine Lactoferrin \u2014 Ingredia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Prodiet\u00ae Lactoferrin is a native (non-denatured) bovine lactoferrin from Ingredia, produced from fresh French milk. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein that is part of the body's natural defenses, studied as a class for immune, gut, and iron support; the evidence here reflects bovine lactoferrin generally rather than Prodiet-brand-specific human trials.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"fucovital","name":"FucoVital\u00ae (Microalgae Fucoxanthin \u2014 Algatech)","latinName":"Phaeodactylum tricornutum","shortDescription":"FucoVital\u00ae is a natural fucoxanthin from Algatech, grown from the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum rather than harvested seaweed. Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid studied for supporting healthy metabolism, triglycerides, and liver fat, though human clinical evidence for the isolated compound is still developing.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"carocare","name":"CaroCare\u00ae (Natural Beta-Carotene \u2014 DSM)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"CaroCare\u00ae is a natural-source beta-carotene from DSM. Beta-carotene is a plant pigment the body can convert into vitamin A, and it also acts as an antioxidant. It supports vitamin A status, skin, eye, and immune health. Note that high-dose beta-carotene supplements are not recommended for smokers.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"centellory","name":"Centellory\u00ae (Gotu Kola Extract)","latinName":"Centella asiatica","shortDescription":"Centellory\u00ae is a standardized gotu kola (Centella asiatica) extract developed for memory and mood. Gotu kola is a revered herb in Ayurvedic and traditional Asian medicine, used to support the mind, and modern research finds it can support cognition and a positive mood, especially in older adults.","categories":["Cognitive","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cordiart","name":"Cordiart\u00ae (Tomato Nutrient Complex)","latinName":"Solanum lycopersicum","shortDescription":"Cordiart\u00ae is a whole tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) nutrient complex concentrated for lycopene along with the tomato's other natural carotenoids. Research shows that the full tomato complex, rather than isolated lycopene, supports healthy blood pressure and antioxidant defense, making it a heart-focused tomato ingredient.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"mangoselect","name":"MangoSelect\u00ae (African Mango Seed Extract)","latinName":"Irvingia gabonensis","shortDescription":"MangoSelect\u00ae is an African mango (Irvingia gabonensis) seed extract, a West African fruit seed traditionally used as a food thickener and now studied for weight management. The fiber-rich seed extract is positioned to support appetite control and body composition, though the overall evidence is modest and mixed.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"serenzo","name":"Serenzo\u00ae (Sweet Orange Extract for Stress \u2014 Nexira)","latinName":"Citrus sinensis","shortDescription":"Serenzo\u00ae is a microencapsulated sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) extract from Nexira, developed as a botanical stress-relief ingredient. It is positioned to ease everyday stress and support a calm, balanced mood. A company clinical study reported reduced anxiety and stress markers, though independent evidence is still limited.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"spirumune","name":"Spirumune\u00ae (Spirulina for Immunity)","latinName":"Arthrospira platensis","shortDescription":"Spirumune\u00ae is a spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) ingredient developed for immune support, rich in the blue pigment phycocyanin. Spirulina is a nutrient-dense blue-green algae studied for supporting the immune system and antioxidant defense, with phycocyanin as a key active compound.","categories":["Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"gabacare","name":"GABACare\u00ae (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GABACare\u00ae supplies GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), the brain's main calming neurotransmitter, produced naturally by fermentation. Taken as a supplement, GABA is studied for promoting relaxation and supporting easier, more restful sleep, with effects measurable on brain-wave activity.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"carnolife","name":"CarnoLife\u00ae (L-Carnitine L-Tartrate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"CarnoLife\u00ae is L-carnitine in the L-tartrate form, an amino-acid-derived compound that shuttles fat into cells' mitochondria to be burned for energy. It is best known in sports nutrition for supporting exercise recovery, reducing muscle damage and soreness, and supporting energy metabolism.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"prodiet-colostrum","name":"Prodiet\u00ae Colostrum (Bovine Colostrum \u2014 Ingredia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Prodiet\u00ae Colostrum is a microfiltered bovine colostrum from Ingredia, standardized for a high level of immunoglobulins (IgG). Colostrum is the first milk produced after birth, packed with antibodies and growth factors, and is studied for supporting immune defense, gut health, and recovery.","categories":["Immune Support","Gut Health","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"phytofare","name":"Phytofare\u00ae (Bioavailable Green Tea Catechin Complex \u2014 Planda\u00ed)","latinName":"Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"Phytofare\u00ae is a green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechin complex from Planda\u00ed Biotechnology, processed for much higher absorption than ordinary green tea extract. Green tea catechins, led by EGCG, are powerful antioxidants studied for metabolic and cardiovascular support; Phytofare aims to deliver more of them into the bloodstream.","categories":["Antioxidant","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"asta-marine","name":"Asta-Marine\u00ae (Marine Astaxanthin)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Asta-Marine\u00ae is a marine-source astaxanthin, the red carotenoid antioxidant produced by microalgae and concentrated up the marine food chain. Astaxanthin is prized as one of nature's strongest antioxidants, studied for skin, eye, and recovery support.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"astabead","name":"AstaBead\u00ae (Astaxanthin Beadlet)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"AstaBead\u00ae delivers astaxanthin, the powerful red carotenoid antioxidant from microalgae, in a stabilized beadlet form for better shelf life and handling. Astaxanthin is studied for supporting skin, eye, and antioxidant health.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"astareal-astaxanthin","name":"AstaReal\u00ae Astaxanthin","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"AstaReal\u00ae is one of the most clinically studied natural astaxanthins, grown from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae. Astaxanthin is among the strongest natural antioxidants, researched for skin, eye, muscle, and overall cellular protection.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"astasana","name":"AstaSana\u2122 (Natural Astaxanthin)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"AstaSana\u2122 is a natural astaxanthin from microalgae, supplying the deep-red carotenoid antioxidant. Astaxanthin is studied for supporting skin elasticity, eye comfort, and antioxidant defense throughout the body.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"zanthin","name":"Zanthin\u00ae (Natural Astaxanthin)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Zanthin\u00ae is a natural astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid antioxidant studied for supporting skin health, eye comfort, and recovery from exercise.","categories":["Antioxidant","Hair, Skin & Nails","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ginkgo-24-6-5","name":"Ginkgo 24/6 (Standardized Ginkgo biloba Extract)","latinName":"Ginkgo biloba","shortDescription":"Ginkgo 24/6 is a Ginkgo biloba leaf extract standardized to the clinical ratio of 24% flavone glycosides and 6% terpene lactones, with low ginkgolic acid. This is the standardization behind most ginkgo research for memory and circulation.","categories":["Cognitive","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ginkgolden","name":"Ginkgolden\u00ae (Ginkgo biloba Extract)","latinName":"Ginkgo biloba","shortDescription":"Ginkgolden\u00ae is a standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract for cognitive and circulatory support. Ginkgo is one of the most popular brain herbs, studied for memory, focus, and healthy blood flow.","categories":["Cognitive","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ginpure","name":"GinPure\u00ae (Ginkgo biloba Extract)","latinName":"Ginkgo biloba","shortDescription":"GinPure\u00ae is a purified, standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract concentrated for flavone glycosides and terpene lactones. Ginkgo has been studied mainly in older adults with cognitive impairment or dementia, and traditionally for circulation; the RCT-validated extract is EGb761 rather than GinPure specifically.","categories":["Cognitive","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ginselect","name":"GinSelect\u00ae (Ginkgo biloba Extract)","latinName":"Ginkgo biloba","shortDescription":"GinSelect\u00ae is a select-grade standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract for brain and circulatory health. Ginkgo's flavonoids and terpenes are studied for supporting cognition and healthy blood flow.","categories":["Cognitive","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"lutemax-free-lutein","name":"Lutemax\u00ae Free Lutein (Marigold Lutein)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"Lutemax\u00ae Free Lutein is a marigold-derived lutein (with zeaxanthin) for eye health. Free lutein is the readily available form of this macular carotenoid, studied for supporting vision and protecting the eye from blue light.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"lutemax-lutein-esters","name":"Lutemax\u00ae Lutein Esters (Marigold Lutein Esters)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"Lutemax\u00ae Lutein Esters supply lutein in its naturally occurring ester form from marigold, which the body converts to free lutein. Lutein and zeaxanthin support macular health and visual performance.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"optilut","name":"OptiLut\u00ae (Lutein and Zeaxanthin)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"OptiLut\u00ae is a marigold-derived lutein and zeaxanthin complex for eye health. These macular carotenoids support macular pigment, healthy vision, and protection against blue-light and oxidative stress.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"eyemuse","name":"EyeMuse\u00ae (Lutein and Zeaxanthin for Vision)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"EyeMuse\u00ae is a lutein and zeaxanthin ingredient developed for vision support, including in the context of screen use. The macular carotenoids support eye comfort, visual performance, and protection from blue light.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"fenulife","name":"FenuLife\u00ae (Fenugreek Galactomannan \u2014 BioActor)","latinName":"Trigonella foenum-graecum","shortDescription":"FenuLife\u00ae is a fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extract concentrated for galactomannan, the soluble fiber of fenugreek. It is studied for supporting healthy blood sugar, fullness, and digestion, with the bitter taste removed.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Gut Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"fenumannans","name":"FenuMannans\u00ae (Fenugreek Galactomannan Fiber)","latinName":"Trigonella foenum-graecum","shortDescription":"FenuMannans\u00ae is a purified fenugreek galactomannan, the soluble-fiber fraction of fenugreek seed. This gel-forming fiber supports healthy blood sugar and satiety while being gentle on digestion.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Gut Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"fenufibers","name":"FenuFibers\u00ae (Fenugreek Fiber)","latinName":"Trigonella foenum-graecum","shortDescription":"FenuFibers\u00ae supplies the soluble galactomannan fiber of fenugreek seed, studied for supporting steady blood sugar and used as a natural, low-calorie fiber for fullness and digestive health.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Gut Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cran-dor","name":"Cran-d'Or\u00ae (Cranberry Extract)","latinName":"Vaccinium macrocarpon","shortDescription":"Cran-d'Or\u00ae is a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) extract standardized for proanthocyanidins (PACs). Cranberry is the classic natural option for urinary tract health, working largely by keeping bacteria from sticking to the bladder wall.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Women's Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cranbey","name":"Cranbey\u00ae (Cranberry Extract)","latinName":"Vaccinium macrocarpon","shortDescription":"Cranbey\u00ae is a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) concentrate providing the proanthocyanidins behind cranberry's urinary-tract benefits. It is used to support urinary and bladder health, especially in women.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Women's Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cran-gyn-pro","name":"Cran-Gyn PRO\u00ae (Cranberry for Urinary and Feminine Health)","latinName":"Vaccinium macrocarpon","shortDescription":"Cran-Gyn pro\u00ae is a cranberry-based ingredient developed for urinary tract health, supplying cranberry proanthocyanidins. It supports urinary tract health through cranberry's bacterial anti-adhesion action.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"dry-n-3","name":"Dry N-3\u00ae (Powdered Omega-3)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Dry N-3\u00ae is a powdered, microencapsulated omega-3 (EPA/DHA) ingredient designed for easy use in capsules, tablets, and foods without a fishy taste. Omega-3 fatty acids support heart, brain, and anti-inflammatory health.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"duromega","name":"DurOmega\u00ae (Stabilized Omega-3)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"DurOmega\u00ae is a stabilized, microencapsulated omega-3 ingredient built for durability and a neutral taste. It delivers the EPA and DHA fatty acids studied for supporting triglycerides, the brain, and a healthy inflammatory balance.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"biopure-dha","name":"BioPure DHA\u00ae (Omega-3 DHA)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BioPure DHA\u00ae is a purified omega-3 concentrate rich in DHA, the omega-3 most important for the brain and eyes. DHA supports cognition, vision, and cardiovascular health as part of the omega-3 family.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"elantria-algal-dha","name":"Elantria\u00ae Algal DHA (Vegan Omega-3 DHA)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Elantria\u00ae Algal DHA is a vegan omega-3 DHA grown from microalgae, the original ocean source of DHA. It provides the brain- and heart-supportive DHA omega-3 without fish, ideal for plant-based diets.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"vrill-omega","name":"V-Krill Omega\u00ae (Krill Omega-3)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"V-Krill Omega\u00ae is a krill-derived omega-3 supplying EPA and DHA bound to phospholipids, along with the antioxidant astaxanthin. Krill omega-3 is studied primarily for supporting healthy triglycerides and heart health, with more preliminary interest in brain and joint support.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"efaduo","name":"EFADuo\u00ae (Omega-3 and Omega-6 Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"EFADuo\u00ae supplies a balanced complex of essential fatty acids, including omega-3 EPA and DHA. Essential fatty acids support cardiovascular, brain, and skin health and a healthy inflammatory balance.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"essentiomega","name":"EssentiOmega\u00ae (Omega-3 Concentrate)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"EssentiOmega\u00ae is a concentrated omega-3 (EPA/DHA) ingredient for everyday essential-fatty-acid support. Omega-3s are among the most studied nutrients for heart, brain, and anti-inflammatory health.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"berkemyol","name":"Berkemyol\u00ae (Olive Leaf Extract \u2014 Berkem)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Berkemyol\u00ae is an olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract from Berkem, concentrated for oleuropein and olive polyphenols. Olive polyphenols are studied for supporting cardiovascular health and antioxidant defense.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"selectsieve-olive","name":"SelectSIEVE\u00ae Olive (Olive Polyphenols \u2014 Roelmi HPC)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"SelectSIEVE\u00ae Olive is a standardized olive (Olea europaea) polyphenol extract from Roelmi HPC. Its oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol support cardiovascular health, antioxidant defense, and healthy metabolism.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"oli-ola","name":"Oli-Ola\u00ae (Olive Fruit Extract)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Oli-Ola\u00ae is an olive (Olea europaea) fruit extract rich in hydroxytyrosol, the olive's most powerful antioxidant. It is studied for antioxidant and cardiovascular support, and is also used for skin health.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"masqueliers-french-pine-bark","name":"Masquelier's\u00ae French Pine Bark (OPCs)","latinName":"Pinus pinaster","shortDescription":"Masquelier's\u00ae French Pine Bark is a maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark extract rich in OPCs, from the legacy of Jacques Masquelier, who pioneered OPC research. Pine bark OPCs support antioxidant and vascular health.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"masqueliers-original-opcs","name":"Masquelier's\u00ae Original OPCs","latinName":"Pinus pinaster","shortDescription":"Masquelier's\u00ae Original OPCs is the original oligomeric proanthocyanidin extract from French pine bark and grape, developed by OPC pioneer Jacques Masquelier. OPCs are potent antioxidants supporting vascular and cellular health.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"phytopin","name":"PhytoPin\u00ae (French Maritime Pine Bark Extract)","latinName":"Pinus pinaster","shortDescription":"PhytoPin\u00ae is a French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark extract standardized for OPCs. These proanthocyanidin antioxidants support healthy circulation, antioxidant defense, and vascular health.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"bioturmin","name":"BioTurmin\u00ae (Bioavailable Turmeric)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"BioTurmin\u00ae is a bioavailable turmeric (Curcuma longa) ingredient processed for better absorption of curcuminoids than ordinary turmeric powder. Curcumin is studied for anti-inflammatory, joint, and antioxidant support.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"curcuzen","name":"CurcuZen\u00ae (Curcumin Extract)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"CurcuZen\u00ae is a standardized turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract concentrated for curcuminoids. Curcumin is one of the most studied natural anti-inflammatory compounds, used for joint comfort and antioxidant support.","categories":["Anti-Inflammatory","Joint Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"newcaff","name":"NewCaff\u2122 (Microencapsulated Natural Caffeine)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"NewCaff\u2122 is a microencapsulated natural caffeine designed to mask caffeine's bitterness and provide smoother delivery. Caffeine is the best-studied stimulant for energy, focus, and exercise performance.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"purcaf","name":"PurCaf\u00ae (Organic Caffeine from Green Coffee)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PurCaf\u00ae is an organic caffeine derived from green coffee beans, offering a natural, clean-label source of caffeine. Caffeine reliably supports energy, alertness, and exercise performance.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"givocal","name":"GivoCal\u00ae (Calcium)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GivoCal\u00ae is a calcium ingredient for bone-health supplements and foods. Calcium is the body's main bone-building mineral, supporting bone strength and maintenance throughout life, especially with vitamin D.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cytocal","name":"CytoCal\u00ae (Calcium)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"CytoCal\u00ae is a calcium ingredient used in bone-support formulas. Calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and for normal muscle and nerve function.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cas-calcified-atlantic-seaweed","name":"CAS (Calcified Atlantic Seaweed Calcium)","latinName":"Lithothamnion calcareum","shortDescription":"CAS is a plant-source calcium from calcified Atlantic red seaweed (Lithothamnion), naturally rich in calcium, magnesium, and 70-plus trace minerals. This marine multimineral supports bone health from a whole-food source.","categories":["Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"gcbest","name":"GCBest\u00ae (Green Coffee Bean Extract)","latinName":"Coffea","shortDescription":"GCBest\u00ae is a green (unroasted) coffee bean extract standardized for chlorogenic acid, the polyphenol largely lost during roasting. Green coffee extract is studied for supporting modest weight management and healthy metabolism.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"resvinol","name":"Resvinol\u00ae (Trans-Resveratrol)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Resvinol\u00ae supplies trans-resveratrol, the polyphenol found in red grapes and Japanese knotweed that became famous as a longevity and heart-health compound. Resveratrol is studied for supporting cardiometabolic health and activating cellular maintenance pathways.","categories":["Longevity","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"selectsieve-bergamot","name":"SelectSIEVE\u00ae Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Extract \u2014 Roelmi HPC)","latinName":"Citrus bergamia","shortDescription":"SelectSIEVE\u00ae Bergamot is a standardized bergamot (Citrus bergamia) extract from Roelmi HPC, rich in the citrus flavonoids unique to this Calabrian fruit. Bergamot polyphenols are studied for supporting healthy cholesterol, triglycerides, and metabolic health.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"de111probiotic","name":"DE111\u00ae (Bacillus subtilis Probiotic \u2014 ADM Deerland)","latinName":"Bacillus subtilis","shortDescription":"DE111\u00ae is a spore-forming Bacillus subtilis probiotic from ADM Deerland, prized for surviving heat, acid, and shelf storage that destroy many probiotics. Studied for digestive regularity and immune balance, the hardy spores germinate in the gut after being swallowed.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"chocamine","name":"Chocamine\u00ae (Cocoa Extract \u2014 RFI)","latinName":"Theobroma cacao","shortDescription":"Chocamine\u00ae is a patented cocoa (Theobroma cacao) extract from RFI, standardized for theobromine and cocoa polyphenols, delivering chocolate's active compounds without the sugar and fat. It is used for smooth, jitter-free energy and focus, while cocoa flavanols support healthy blood flow.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"garslim","name":"GarSlim\u00ae (Garlic Extract)","latinName":"Allium sativum","shortDescription":"GarSlim\u00ae is a garlic (Allium sativum) extract concentrated for the organosulfur compounds behind garlic's heart-health reputation. Garlic is one of the most studied foods for cardiovascular and metabolic support, including blood pressure and components of metabolic syndrome.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"gs15-4-metabolized-ginseng","name":"GS15-4\u00ae (Enzyme-Fermented Ginseng \u2014 Ilhwa)","latinName":"Panax ginseng","shortDescription":"GS15-4\u00ae is an enzyme-fermented Panax ginseng from Ilhwa, processed so the ginsenosides are pre-converted into the metabolite forms (such as compound K) the body normally has to make in the gut. This fermentation is designed to substantially improve absorption of ginseng's actives.","categories":["Energy","Cognitive","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"ellagirush","name":"EllagiRush\u00ae (Pomegranate Extract \u2014 Arjuna)","latinName":"Punica granatum","shortDescription":"EllagiRush\u00ae is a standardized pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract from Arjuna Natural, concentrated for water-soluble ellagitannins and polyphenols with enhanced bioavailability. Pomegranate polyphenols are powerful antioxidants studied for supporting heart and cellular health.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"innovatea","name":"InnovaTea\u00ae (Natural Caffeine from Tea \u2014 NutriScience)","latinName":"Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"InnovaTea\u00ae is a natural caffeine extracted from fermented tea leaves (Camellia sinensis), standardized to about 98% caffeine. It offers a clean-label, naturally sourced alternative to synthetic caffeine for energy, focus, and exercise performance.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"unik2","name":"UniK2\u00ae (Vitamin K2 as MK-7 from Natto \u2014 IFF)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"UniK2\u00ae is a natural vitamin K2 in the menaquinone-7 (MK-7) form, derived from natto, the fermented soy food. Vitamin K2 helps direct calcium into bone and away from arteries, supporting both bone strength and cardiovascular health.","categories":["Bone Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"starchlite","name":"StarchLite\u00ae (White Kidney Bean Extract)","latinName":"Phaseolus vulgaris","shortDescription":"StarchLite\u00ae is a white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) extract standardized for phaseolamin, an alpha-amylase inhibitor. By temporarily slowing starch digestion, it reduces the sugar and calories absorbed from starchy meals, supporting weight and carbohydrate management.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"gabarelax","name":"GABARelax\u00ae (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GABARelax\u00ae supplies GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), the brain's main calming neurotransmitter, produced by natural fermentation. GABA is studied for promoting relaxation and supporting easier, more restful sleep, with effects measurable on brain-wave activity.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"adipromin","name":"Adipromin\u00ae (Herbal Weight-Management Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Adipromin\u00ae is a patented herbal weight-management complex combining extracts of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf, curry leaf (Murraya koenigii), and turmeric (Curcuma longa). It is designed to act on fat cells rather than as a stimulant or appetite suppressant, and a clinical trial reported meaningful weight loss.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"alivel","name":"ALIVEL\u00ae (Tongkat Ali \u2014 Eurycoma longifolia)","latinName":"Eurycoma longifolia","shortDescription":"ALIVEL\u00ae is a water-extracted Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) from SourceOne, a Southeast Asian root traditionally used for energy and male vitality. Tongkat Ali is studied for supporting healthy testosterone, energy, and, in aging men, erectile function.","categories":["Testosterone","Men's Health","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"actiful","name":"Actiful\u00ae (Orange and Pomegranate Complex \u2014 Solabia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Actiful\u00ae is a polyphenol complex of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and pomegranate (Punica granatum) developed for energy and vitality, especially in healthy aging. It is positioned to support blood flow and mitochondrial energy production. Independent published clinical data are limited, so benefits should be viewed with realistic expectations.","categories":["Energy","Cardiovascular","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"alcolec","name":"Alcolec\u00ae (Phosphatidylcholine / Lecithin \u2014 American Lecithin)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Alcolec\u00ae is a line of lecithin and phosphatidylcholine ingredients from American Lecithin Company, derived from soy or sunflower. Phosphatidylcholine is a building block of cell membranes and a source of choline. Published clinical data specifically for this ingredient as a supplement are limited.","categories":["Cognitive","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"alluvia","name":"Alluvia\u00ae (Purple Tea Extract \u2014 Maypro)","latinName":"Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"Alluvia\u00ae is a purple tea (Camellia sinensis) extract from Maypro, made from a special anthocyanin-rich tea variety developed in Kenya. Purple tea is studied for supporting fat metabolism and antioxidant defense, though the current evidence is mainly from laboratory and animal research.","categories":["Weight Management","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"cocoanol","name":"CocoaNol\u00ae (Cocoa Flavanol Extract)","latinName":"Theobroma cacao","shortDescription":"CocoaNol\u00ae is a cocoa (Theobroma cacao) extract standardized to about 20% polyphenols, processed to preserve the flavanols (including epicatechin) that are usually destroyed by roasting. Cocoa flavanols are studied for supporting healthy blood flow and blood pressure; evidence for cognition is mixed. No CocoaNol\u00ae-specific trial has been published, so its support rests on the broader cocoa-flavanol class evidence.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"chimax","name":"Chimax\u00ae (Chitosan)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Chimax\u00ae is a chitosan, a fiber-like compound derived from the shells of shellfish. Chitosan carries a positive charge that lets it bind dietary fat and bile in the gut, and it is studied for supporting modest weight management and healthy cholesterol.","categories":["Weight Management","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"bonicel","name":"Bonicel\u00ae (Probiotic-Derived Skincare Ingredient)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Bonicel\u00ae is a probiotic-derived skincare ingredient produced during fermentation of the probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 (Ganeden BC30). Important: Bonicel is a topical ingredient applied to the skin, not taken by mouth. It is used in anti-aging skincare to support skin hydration and smoothness. Independent published clinical data are limited.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"bialoe","name":"BiAloe\u00ae (Aloe Vera Polysaccharides)","latinName":"Aloe barbadensis","shortDescription":"BiAloe\u00ae is an aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) ingredient concentrated for the long-chain acemannan polysaccharides thought to drive aloe's benefits. Aloe is traditionally used for digestive and skin support. Independent published clinical data for this specific ingredient are limited.","categories":["Gut Health","Hair, Skin & Nails","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"apfenol","name":"Apfenol\u00ae (Apple Polyphenol Extract \u2014 ECA Healthcare)","latinName":"Malus domestica","shortDescription":"Apfenol\u00ae is an apple (Malus domestica) polyphenol extract from ECA Healthcare, made from immature green apples for a high concentration of oligomeric procyanidins. These apple polyphenols are powerful antioxidants studied for cardiovascular, metabolic, and skin support.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"apphenols","name":"ApPhenols\u00ae (Apple Polyphenols)","latinName":"Malus domestica","shortDescription":"ApPhenols\u00ae is an apple (Malus domestica) polyphenol ingredient concentrated for procyanidins, the antioxidant compounds richest in apple peel and unripe fruit. Apple polyphenols are studied for antioxidant, cardiometabolic, and skin support.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"collamex","name":"Collamex\u00ae (Collagen Peptides)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Collamex\u00ae is a hydrolyzed collagen peptide ingredient, the broken-down form of collagen that the body absorbs easily. Collagen peptides supply the amino acids glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline used to build skin, joints, and connective tissue. Dedicated published data for this specific ingredient are limited.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"colla-1000d","name":"Colla-1000D\u00ae (Collagen Peptides)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Colla-1000D\u00ae is a hydrolyzed collagen peptide ingredient designed for easy absorption. Collagen peptides provide the amino acids that build skin, hair, nails, joints, and connective tissue, and are popular for beauty-from-within and joint support. Dedicated published data for this specific ingredient are limited.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"c3-reduct","name":"Curcumin C3 Reduct\u00ae (Tetrahydrocurcuminoids \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":"Curcuma longa","shortDescription":"Curcumin C3 Reduct\u00ae is a tetrahydrocurcuminoid (THC) ingredient from Sabinsa, the colorless metabolite form of turmeric's curcuminoids. Because the body normally converts curcumin into THC, delivering it pre-converted aims for better absorption and a strong, long-lasting antioxidant effect.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cucurbidiol","name":"Cucurbidiol\u00ae (Pumpkin Seed Oil \u2014 Cucurbita)","latinName":"Cucurbita pepo","shortDescription":"Cucurbidiol\u00ae is a pumpkin seed (Cucurbita) oil ingredient, rich in phytosterols, zinc, and fatty acids traditionally used for prostate and urinary health. Pumpkin seed oil is studied for supporting comfortable urinary flow in men and is also used for hair support.","categories":["Prostate Health","Men's Health","Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cosmythic","name":"Cosmythic\u00ae (Maritime Pine Bark for Skin \u2014 Purextract)","latinName":"Pinus pinaster","shortDescription":"Cosmythic\u00ae is a French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) bark extract from Purextract, standardized to about 67% OPCs (oligomeric proanthocyanidins) and developed as an oral beauty-from-within ingredient. Taken daily, it is positioned to support skin clarity and fight signs of skin aging through its powerful antioxidants.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"carotex","name":"Carotex\u00ae (Natural Beta-Carotene and Carotenoids \u2014 Zeus Hygia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Carotex\u00ae is a natural carotenoid ingredient from Zeus Hygia, made by a solvent-free process from tomato and marigold. It supplies beta-carotene (a provitamin A carotenoid) and related antioxidant carotenoids. Note that high-dose beta-carotene supplements are not recommended for smokers.","categories":["Antioxidant","Eye Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"brewster-probiotics","name":"Brewster Probiotics\u2122 (Probiotic Cultures)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Brewster Probiotics\u2122 is a long-established line of freeze-dried probiotic cultures supplied to supplement makers. The specific benefits depend on which strains a finished product uses; probiotics as a category support digestive and immune health. Published clinical data depend on the particular strain selected.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"aqua-d3","name":"Aqua-D3\u00ae (Water-Dispersible Vitamin D3)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Aqua-D3\u00ae is a water-dispersible form of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), designed to mix easily into liquids and improve uptake of this fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin D is essential for bone health, immune function, and overall wellness, and many people fall short of optimal levels.","categories":["Immune Support","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cocoganic","name":"CocoaGanic\u00ae (Organic Cocoa Flavanols)","latinName":"Theobroma cacao","shortDescription":"CocoaGanic\u00ae is an organic cocoa (Theobroma cacao) extract concentrated for flavanols, the antioxidant compounds in cocoa linked to heart and brain health. Cocoa flavanols are studied for supporting healthy blood flow, blood pressure, and cognition.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Cognitive","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"biozyme","name":"Bio-Zyme\u00ae (Digestive Enzyme Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Bio-Zyme\u00ae is a full-strength digestive enzyme complex combining concentrated pancreatic enzymes with plant and microbial enzymes such as bromelain, papain, protease, amylase, and lipase. It is used to support the breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates for more comfortable digestion. Dedicated published data for this specific blend are limited.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"aminozorb","name":"AminoZorb\u00ae (Buffered Branched-Chain Amino Acids)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"AminoZorb\u00ae is an enzymatically buffered form of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine), designed to be stable in liquids and quickly absorbed. BCAAs are popular in sports nutrition for supporting muscle and recovery. Dedicated published data for this specific buffered form are limited.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"ecoguar","name":"EcoGuar\u00ae (Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum)","latinName":"Cyamopsis tetragonoloba","shortDescription":"EcoGuar\u00ae is a partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), a soluble prebiotic fiber made from the guar bean. Enzymatic processing lowers its thickness so it mixes easily into drinks while still feeding beneficial gut bacteria and supporting regularity, blood sugar, and fullness. The human evidence here reflects PHGG as a fiber class; trials on the EcoGuar\u00ae brand itself are not PubMed-indexed.","categories":["Gut Health","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"gingerwarmer","name":"GingerWarmer\u00ae (Ginger Extract)","latinName":"Zingiber officinale","shortDescription":"GingerWarmer\u00ae is a ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract standardized for gingerols, the warming, pungent compounds behind ginger's benefits. Ginger is one of the best-studied natural remedies for nausea and is also used to support digestion and a healthy inflammatory response.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"givomag","name":"GivoMag\u00ae (Magnesium)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GivoMag\u00ae is a magnesium ingredient for supplements and functional foods. Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in hundreds of body processes, from muscle and nerve function to blood pressure and bone health, and many people do not get enough from diet alone. The evidence below reflects magnesium as a nutrient (its class evidence); no GivoMag-specific human efficacy trial has been published.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Muscle & Recovery","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"lipophytol","name":"Lipophytol\u00ae (Microencapsulated Plant Sterols \u2014 Lipofoods)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Lipophytol\u00ae is a water-dispersible, microencapsulated plant sterol ingredient from Lipofoods (a Lubrizol company). Microencapsulation lets these cholesterol-lowering plant sterols mix easily into foods and supplements. Plant sterols are among the best-established ingredients for lowering LDL cholesterol.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"kionutrime-csg","name":"KiOnutrime-CsG\u00ae (Fungal Chitosan \u2014 KitoZyme)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"KiOnutrime-CsG\u00ae is a non-animal chitosan from KitoZyme, made from the cell walls of the fungus Aspergillus niger rather than shellfish. This vegetarian, shellfish-free fat-binder belongs to the chitosan class, which has been studied (mostly as shellfish-derived chitosan) for weight management; the fungal KiOnutrime-CsG form has not itself been tested in those trials.","categories":["Weight Management","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"dairylytic","name":"Dairylytic\u00ae (Lactase Enzyme)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Dairylytic\u00ae is a lactase enzyme (beta-galactosidase), the enzyme that digests lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy. Taken with dairy foods, lactase helps people with lactose intolerance digest dairy comfortably and avoid gas, bloating, and cramps.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"digesten","name":"Digesten\u00ae (Digestive Enzyme Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Digesten\u00ae is a digestive enzyme blend combining enzymes such as protease, amylase, and lipase to support the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. It is taken with meals to support more complete, comfortable digestion. Dedicated published data for this specific blend are limited.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"fitgrape","name":"FitGrape\u00ae (Grape Polyphenol Extract)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"FitGrape\u00ae is a grape (Vitis vinifera) extract concentrated for polyphenols, including the oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) that make grape one of the richest plant antioxidant sources. Grape polyphenols are studied for supporting blood-vessel health and antioxidant defense.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"htessence","name":"HTEssence\u00ae (Hydroxytyrosol \u2014 Wacker)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"HTEssence\u00ae is a high-purity, nature-identical hydroxytyrosol from Wacker, the olive polyphenol with one of the highest antioxidant capacities of any natural compound. Hydroxytyrosol is studied for supporting cardiovascular health and protecting cells from oxidative stress.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"eye-pro-md","name":"Eye-Pro MD\u00ae (Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Meso-Zeaxanthin)","latinName":"Tagetes erecta","shortDescription":"Eye-Pro MD\u00ae is an eye-health complex of the three macular carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, typically from marigold. These pigments concentrate in the eye's macula, where they filter blue light and support visual performance.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"synbalance","name":"SynBalance\u00ae (Probiotic Strains \u2014 ROELMI)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"SynBalance\u00ae is a line of proprietary probiotic strains (Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria) from Roelmi HPC, developed for gut, immune, and skin health. The specific benefit depends on the strain or blend chosen; probiotics as a category support a balanced gut microbiome. Published data depend on the particular strain.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"trufulvic","name":"TruFulvic\u00ae (Fulvic Acid from Shilajit \u2014 Natreon)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"TruFulvic\u00ae is a purified fulvic acid ingredient from Natreon, standardized to at least 70% fulvic acid from shilajit, the mineral-rich substance from Himalayan rocks. Fulvic acid is studied for supporting cellular energy and delivering trace minerals, though human clinical evidence for the isolated compound is still developing.","categories":["Energy","Longevity","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"fitnox","name":"FitNox\u00ae (Plant Nitric Oxide Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"FitNox\u00ae is a plant-based nitric oxide complex combining moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf, pomegranate (Punica granatum), and black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora). It is designed to boost the body's nitric oxide for better blood flow and stamina.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"soygd2","name":"SoyGD2\u00ae (Soy Germ Isoflavones)","latinName":"Glycine max","shortDescription":"SoyGD2\u00ae is a soy germ extract rich in isoflavones, especially daidzein, the part of the soybean with the highest natural isoflavone content. Soy germ isoflavones are studied for easing menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and for supporting bone health.","categories":["Menopause Support","Women's Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"ginginoll","name":"Ginginoll\u00ae (Ginger Extract \u2014 Akay)","latinName":"Zingiber officinale","shortDescription":"Ginginoll\u00ae is a ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract from Akay, standardized for gingerols, the warming compounds behind ginger's benefits. Ginger is one of the best-studied natural remedies for nausea and is also used to support digestion and a healthy inflammatory response. That evidence reflects ginger the ingredient generally \u2014 there is no published human trial on Ginginoll\u00ae itself.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"geeqten","name":"GeeQTen\u00ae (Coenzyme Q10)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GeeQTen\u00ae is a coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) ingredient. CoQ10 is a vitamin-like compound the body makes and uses inside mitochondria to produce cellular energy, and it also acts as an antioxidant. Levels decline with age and with certain medications. Dedicated published data for this specific brand are limited.","categories":["Energy","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"decursinol-50","name":"Decursinol-50\u00ae (Angelica gigas Extract)","latinName":"Angelica gigas","shortDescription":"Decursinol-50\u00ae is a Korean angelica (Angelica gigas) root extract standardized for decursin and decursinol, the compounds behind its traditional use. Angelica gigas is used in traditional Asian medicine for calm, sleep, and cognitive support. Human clinical evidence for the isolated extract is still limited.","categories":["Sleep Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"elavida","name":"elaVida\u00ae (Olive Hydroxytyrosol \u2014 DSM)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"elaVida\u00ae is an olive (Olea europaea) polyphenol ingredient from DSM, standardized for hydroxytyrosol, a well-researched antioxidant in extra virgin olive oil. It is positioned for heart health by protecting blood lipids from oxidative damage, the basis of an approved olive-polyphenol health claim.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"purtea","name":"PurTea\u00ae (Organic Green Tea Caffeine \u2014 Applied Food Sciences)","latinName":"Camellia sinensis","shortDescription":"PurTea\u00ae is an organic green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract from Applied Food Sciences, providing naturally sourced caffeine along with green tea catechins. It offers a clean-label, smoother source of caffeine for energy, with the antioxidant benefits of green tea polyphenols.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"nutramunity","name":"Nutramunity\u00ae Beta-Glucan (Yeast Beta-Glucan)","latinName":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","shortDescription":"Nutramunity\u00ae Beta-Glucan is a beta-1,3/1,6-glucan from the cell walls of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), a well-studied class of immune-supporting fibers. Yeast beta-glucan is taken to support the body's natural immune defenses. Dedicated published data for this specific brand are limited.","categories":["Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"oxicyan","name":"OxiCyan\u00ae (Bilberry and Spirulina Antioxidant Complex \u2014 Biosfered)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"OxiCyan\u00ae is an antioxidant phytocomplex from Biosfered combining bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) anthocyanins with spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) phycocyanin. The two work together: bilberry directly scavenges free radicals, while spirulina activates the body's own antioxidant defenses. Evidence is mainly from laboratory research.","categories":["Antioxidant","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"prenulin","name":"Prenulin\u00ae (L-Arabinose and Chromium \u2014 Pharmachem)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Prenulin\u00ae is a glucose-support blend of L-arabinose (a plant sugar from corn cob) and chromium picolinate (Chromax). Taken with sugary or starchy foods, it is designed to blunt the rise in blood sugar and insulin after meals. Supporting data come mainly from company-sponsored trials.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"carblite","name":"CarbLite\u00ae (White Kidney Bean Carb Blocker)","latinName":"Phaseolus vulgaris","shortDescription":"CarbLite\u00ae is a white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) extract standardized for phaseolamin, an alpha-amylase inhibitor. By temporarily slowing the digestion of starch, it reduces the sugar and calories absorbed from starchy meals, supporting weight and carbohydrate management.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"natursyn-defense","name":"NaturSYN\u00ae Defense (Anti-Inflammatory Botanical Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"NaturSYN\u00ae Defense is a proprietary botanical blend from Nutraceuticals International Group, developed to support a balanced inflammatory response. It is positioned to calm the kind of overreaction seen with allergies and stress. Published clinical data for the specific blend are limited.","categories":["Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"natursyn-powerup","name":"NaturSYN\u00ae PowerUp (Maca and Rye for Men's Health)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"NaturSYN\u00ae PowerUp is a men's-health blend of maca (Lepidium meyenii) and rye (Secale cereale) extracts from Nutraceuticals International Group. It is positioned to support prostate function, healthy urinary flow, and sexual performance. Published clinical data for the specific blend are limited.","categories":["Men's Health","Prostate Health","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"kinetiq","name":"Kinetiq\u00ae (Bitter Orange Extract \u2014 Novel Ingredients)","latinName":"Citrus aurantium","shortDescription":"Kinetiq\u00ae is a patented bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) extract standardized for p-synephrine, used as a non-stimulant thermogenic for weight management and energy. Unlike caffeine or the banned ephedra, p-synephrine is designed to support fat metabolism without jitters. The supplier reports a series of human safety and efficacy trials.","categories":["Weight Management","Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"natursyn-beaulixir","name":"NaturSYN\u00ae Beaulixir (Hair and Skin Botanical Blend \u2014 ROELMI)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"NaturSYN\u00ae Beaulixir is a beauty-from-within blend from Roelmi HPC, combining saw palmetto, borage, flaxseed, wheat germ, Scots pine, rye, and soy lecithin. It supplies fatty acids, phytosterols, lignans, and antioxidants to support hair, skin, and nails. Published clinical data for the specific blend are limited.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"flex-pro-es","name":"Flex Pro ES\u00ae (Joint Support Complex)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Flex Pro ES\u00ae is a joint-support complex that combines water-soluble eggshell membrane, hyaluronic acid, astaxanthin, and boswellia. Together they supply joint building blocks, support joint lubrication, and help support a healthy inflammatory response. Published data for the specific finished blend are limited, though its components are individually studied.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"femcool","name":"FemCool\u00ae (Menopause Support Blend)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"FemCool\u00ae is a botanical menopause-support blend combining HMR lignans (from Norway spruce), DIM (from cruciferous vegetables), cranberry, and tomato lycopene. It is positioned to ease hot flashes and support hormonal balance. As with menopause supplements generally, independent evidence is mixed, so expectations should be realistic.","categories":["Menopause Support","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"fibersmart","name":"FiberSMART\u00ae (Soluble Tapioca Fiber \u2014 Anderson)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"FiberSMART\u00ae is a soluble fiber from tapioca or non-GMO corn, from Anderson Advanced Ingredients, providing over 90% dietary fiber with a low glycemic impact. It is used to boost fiber content in foods and supplements while supporting digestive health and steadier blood sugar.","categories":["Gut Health","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"biootic","name":"Biootic\u00ae (Probiotic Cultures)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Biootic\u00ae is a probiotic ingredient supplying beneficial live bacterial cultures. Probiotics support a balanced gut microbiome and digestive health, with the specific benefit depending on the strain or blend a finished product uses. Published data depend on the particular strain.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"kiotransine","name":"KiOtransine\u00ae (Chitin-Glucan Prebiotic Fiber \u2014 KitoZyme)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"KiOtransine\u00ae is a chitin-glucan prebiotic fiber from KitoZyme, a non-animal biopolymer purified from the fungus Aspergillus niger. This insoluble fiber is slowly fermented along the whole colon, feeding beneficial bacteria and supporting healthy digestion and transit.","categories":["Gut Health","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"evrol","name":"EVRol\u00ae (Palm Phytosterol Complex \u2014 ExcelVite)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"EVRol\u00ae is a palm phytosterol (plant sterol) complex from ExcelVite, derived from non-GMO red palm oil. Plant sterols as a class are among the best-established ingredients for lowering LDL cholesterol by blocking its absorption in the gut; EVRol\u00ae itself has not been tested in dedicated human trials, so its support rests on this broader plant-sterol evidence.","categories":["Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"evspectra","name":"EVSpectra\u00ae (Red Palm Oil Concentrate \u2014 ExcelVite)","latinName":"Elaeis guineensis","shortDescription":"EVSpectra\u00ae is a red palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) concentrate from ExcelVite, naturally rich in carotenoids (provitamin A), tocotrienols, and tocopherols. It supplies the antioxidant and vitamin A value of red palm oil in a concentrated, easy-to-use form. Dedicated published data for this specific concentrate are limited.","categories":["Antioxidant","Eye Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"neugrape","name":"NeuGrape\u00ae (Grape Seed Extract for Cognition)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"NeuGrape\u00ae is a grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract concentrated for oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), studied for supporting brain health. Grape polyphenols are potent antioxidants that protect neurons and support blood flow to the brain, the basis for NeuGrape's cognitive positioning.","categories":["Cognitive","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"gastro-ad","name":"Gastro-AD\u00ae (Fermented Soy Postbiotic \u2014 Lallemand)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Gastro-AD\u00ae is a postbiotic from non-GMO soy fermented by the bacterium Lactobacillus delbrueckii, from Lallemand. With a heritage dating back decades, it is used to support stomach comfort, including during occasional heartburn and the discomfort of a sensitive stomach.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"gastrap","name":"Gastrap\u00ae (Chitin-Glucan for Gas and Bloating \u2014 KitoZyme)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Gastrap\u00ae is a digestive-health ingredient from KitoZyme built on chitin-glucan, a non-animal fiber from the fungus Aspergillus niger. It is marketed to ease gas and bloating and to support a healthy gut microbiota, though clinical efficacy for symptom relief has not yet been demonstrated; it is the basis of finished products aimed at everyday digestive discomfort.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"virilast","name":"Virilast\u00ae (Ayurvedic Men's Vitality Blend \u2014 Maypro)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Virilast\u00ae is a men's sexual-health blend from Maypro combining seven Ayurvedic herbs, including Tribulus terrestris, ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Mucuna pruriens, and shilajit. It is positioned to support sexual desire, function, and satisfaction. Support comes mainly from manufacturer-sponsored human trials.","categories":["Men's Health","Libido Support","Testosterone"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"greengrown","name":"GreenGrown\u00ae (Vegetarian Glucosamine \u2014 Ethical Naturals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"GreenGrown\u00ae is a 100% vegetable-source glucosamine from Ethical Naturals, made by fermenting non-GMO corn rather than from shellfish. It is molecularly identical to shellfish glucosamine but vegan and shellfish-allergen-free, used to support joint comfort and cartilage health.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"consolax","name":"Consolax\u00ae (Soluble and Insoluble Fiber Blend \u2014 Zeus Hygia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Consolax\u00ae is a balanced blend of soluble and insoluble plant fibers from Zeus Hygia, formulated to support regular bowel movements, ease occasional constipation, and promote a healthy gut microbiome. It is designed for use in fiber supplements and functional foods.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"melagenol","name":"Melagenol\u00ae (Oral Skin-Tone Botanical)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Melagenol\u00ae is an oral nutricosmetic botanical standardized for verbascoside and arbutin, positioned to help maintain an even skin tone and reduce the appearance of dark spots and discoloration. It works by tempering melanin production. Dedicated published clinical data for the specific ingredient are limited.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"carbelac","name":"Carbelac\u00ae (Whey Protein Concentrate \u2014 Carbery)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Carbelac\u00ae is a high-quality whey protein concentrate from Carbery, made from grass-fed Irish dairy and providing 35 to 80% protein rich in branched-chain amino acids including leucine. It is used to boost protein in performance nutrition, functional foods, and clinical nutrition.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"attenutin","name":"Attenutin\u00ae (Scutellaria and Acacia for Respiratory Health \u2014 Unigen)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Attenutin\u00ae is a bioflavonoid composition from Unigen combining Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu, developed to support respiratory and immune health and a balanced inflammatory response. Current support is mainly from pre-clinical research, with human data still emerging.","categories":["Respiratory Health","Immune Support","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"eatless","name":"EatLess\u00ae (Yeast-Hydrolysate Satiety Peptide \u2014 Anderson)","latinName":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","shortDescription":"EatLess\u00ae is a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) hydrolysate peptide complex from Anderson Global Group, developed to support appetite control and satiety for weight management. It is backed by several manufacturer-conducted human studies; independent published data are limited.","categories":["Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"aqualox","name":"AquaLOX\u00ae (Water-Soluble Boswellia AKBA \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Boswellia serrata","shortDescription":"AquaLOX\u00ae is a water-soluble form of PLT Health Solutions' clinically studied 5-LOXIN Boswellia serrata extract, enriched to about 30% AKBA (acetyl-keto-boswellic acid). It supports joint comfort and a balanced inflammatory response, in a pleasant-tasting form suited to gummies, shots, and drinks.","categories":["Joint Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"c-fence","name":"C-Fence\u00ae (Sustained-Release Vitamin C \u2014 Nutriventia)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"C-Fence\u00ae is a sustained-release vitamin C from Nutriventia, engineered to release gradually over about 12 hours for a 24-hour presence in the blood from a single daily dose. The slow release is designed to improve uptake and reduce the digestive upset of high-dose plain vitamin C.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"eternalyoung","name":"Eternalyoung\u00ae (Botanical Skin-Aging Blend \u2014 Monteloeder)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Eternalyoung\u00ae is a botanical nutricosmetic from Monteloeder blending pomegranate, sweet orange, desert ginseng (Cistanche), and gotu kola, designed to support skin from within by targeting oxidative stress, glycation, and cellular aging. A company randomized trial reported reduced wrinkle volume and improved radiance.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"finomate","name":"Finomate\u00ae (Green Mate Extract \u2014 Frutarom)","latinName":"Ilex paraguariensis","shortDescription":"Finomate\u00ae is a patented green mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaf extract from Frutarom, purified by the EFLA HyperPure process and standardized to saponins, caffeine, theobromine, and caffeoylquinic acids. It is marketed for weight management and energy. Published human data to date come from generic yerba mate rather than the Finomate branded extract.","categories":["Weight Management","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"energysmart","name":"EnergySMART\u00ae (Low-Glycemic Carbohydrate Complex \u2014 Anderson)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"EnergySMART\u00ae is an all-natural carbohydrate complex from Anderson Advanced Ingredients, made from a proprietary ratio of starches, concentrated fruit juices, and grain dextrin. It is used as a low-glycemic 'good carb' energy source in sports bars, gels, and drinks in place of refined sugar.","categories":["Energy","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"ferractiv","name":"Ferractiv\u00ae (Iron Amino Acid Chelate \u2014 Biotron)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Ferractiv\u00ae is an iron amino acid chelate from Biotron Laboratories, designed to be gentler on the stomach than ferrous sulfate while remaining highly absorbable. As a chelated iron, it supports healthy iron levels, red blood cell formation, and the energy that depends on good iron status.","categories":["Energy","Women's Health"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"cratavin","name":"Cratavin\u00ae (Crataeva nurvala for Urinary Health \u2014 Sabinsa)","latinName":"Crataeva nurvala","shortDescription":"Cratavin\u00ae is a standardized extract of Crataeva nurvala (varuna) bark from Sabinsa, a botanical used in Ayurveda to support urinary-tract and bladder health. It is positioned to support healthy bladder tone and urinary flow. Published clinical data for the specific extract are limited.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"vincare","name":"VinCare\u00ae (Whole Grape Extract \u2014 Ethical Naturals)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"VinCare\u00ae is a patented whole grape (Vitis vinifera) extract from Ethical Naturals, standardized to about 80% polyphenols including proanthocyanidins. A North American clinical study reported support for healthy cholesterol ratios and antioxidant activity, reflecting the cardiovascular value of grape polyphenols.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"activaloe","name":"ActivAloe\u00ae (Standardized Aloe Vera \u2014 Aloecorp)","latinName":"Aloe barbadensis","shortDescription":"ActivAloe\u00ae is a standardized aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) from Aloecorp, processed to preserve its active polysaccharides such as acemannan. Aloe vera is taken to support digestive comfort and skin health, and ActivAloe is standardized for consistent polysaccharide content. Dedicated published data for this specific brand are limited.","categories":["Gut Health","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"e-tpgs","name":"E-TPGS (Water-Soluble Vitamin E)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"E-TPGS (d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate) is a water-soluble form of natural vitamin E. It serves both as a source of antioxidant vitamin E and as an absorption enhancer that improves the uptake of fat-soluble nutrients. Its main role is as a delivery form rather than a stand-alone studied supplement.","categories":["Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"auroragreen","name":"AuroraGreen\u00ae (Wild Alaska Dandelion \u2014 Denali BioTechnologies)","latinName":"Taraxacum officinale","shortDescription":"AuroraGreen\u00ae is a whole-herb wild Alaska dandelion (Taraxacum) blend from Denali BioTechnologies, hand-harvested in the flowering phase and gently Refractance Window dried to preserve its bioactive compounds. Dandelion is traditionally used to support liver and digestive health. Dedicated published clinical data for this specific ingredient are limited.","categories":["Antioxidant","Liver Health","Detox & Cleanse"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"chloroblast","name":"ChloroBlast\u00ae (Alfalfa Chloroplast Concentrate \u2014 Ingredients by Nature)","latinName":"Medicago sativa","shortDescription":"ChloroBlast\u00ae is a chloroplast concentrate from alfalfa (Medicago sativa), developed by Ingredients by Nature with Virentia using a patented, chemical-free fractionation that keeps the chloroplasts intact. It is a raw, vegan green superfood rich in protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and vitamins. Clinical data for the specific ingredient are limited.","categories":["Antioxidant","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"progestive","name":"Progestive\u00ae (Bacillus coagulans Probiotic \u2014 Nutraceuticals International Group)","latinName":"Bacillus coagulans","shortDescription":"Progestive\u00ae is a probiotic ingredient from Nutraceuticals International Group built on Bacillus coagulans, a spore-forming beneficial bacterium that survives stomach acid well. It supports a balanced gut microbiome and digestive health. The specific benefit depends on the strain and dose a finished product uses.","categories":["Gut Health","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"cs-b-bioactive","name":"CS b-Bioactive\u00ae (Chondroitin Sulfate \u2014 Bioiberica)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"CS b-Bioactive\u00ae is Bioiberica's pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate, a natural building block of cartilage and one of the most extensively studied joint ingredients. Backed by a large body of clinical research on chondroitin sulfate as a class (not on this specific branded form), it is studied for supporting joint comfort in knee osteoarthritis, though results across independent trials have been mixed.","categories":["Joint Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"factor21","name":"Factor21\u00ae (Bitter Melon Extract \u2014 Verdure Sciences)","latinName":"Momordica charantia","shortDescription":"Factor21\u00ae is a bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract from Verdure Sciences, standardized to momordicosides and positioned to support energy metabolism through the FGF21 pathway and AMPK. Bitter melon is traditionally used to support healthy blood sugar, the basis for Factor21's metabolic positioning.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"fb3-fusion-ingredient","name":"FB3 Fusion\u00ae (Fat-Absorption Botanical Blend \u2014 Bio Actives Japan)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"FB3 Fusion\u00ae is a weight-management blend from Bio Actives Japan and American Medical Holdings that combines three standardized botanicals, Coleus forskohlii, Salacia reticulata, and sesame (Sesamum indicum). Together they are designed to reduce the absorption of dietary fat and support healthy body composition. Published data for the specific blend are limited.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"biops","name":"BioPS\u00ae (Soy Phosphatidylserine \u2014 ECA Healthcare)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BioPS\u00ae is a soy-derived phosphatidylserine (PS) from ECA Healthcare, a phospholipid that is a key building block of brain-cell membranes. Phosphatidylserine has been studied for cognitive function and carries an FDA qualified health claim for reducing the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly, though the FDA notes only very limited and preliminary scientific research supports this. Much of the strongest cognitive research used bovine-cortex PS; evidence specific to soy-derived PS is more limited.","categories":["Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"natavid","name":"Natavid\u00ae (Whole Grapevine Extract \u2014 Natac)","latinName":"Vitis vinifera","shortDescription":"Natavid\u00ae is a whole-grapevine (Vitis vinifera) extract from Natac that captures the full plant profile, combining vine leaves, grape seeds, and grape skin in one standardized extract rich in proanthocyanidins. It is positioned to support vein health, healthy circulation, and antioxidant defense.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"berryplus","name":"BerryPlus\u2122 (Mixed Berry Antioxidant Blend \u2014 AuNutra)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"BerryPlus\u2122 is a customizable blend of berry extracts from AuNutra, designed to deliver the antioxidant anthocyanins and polyphenols found across different berries. It is used to add berry-derived antioxidant value to supplements, drinks, and foods. The exact composition and supporting data depend on the chosen blend.","categories":["Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"dropsordry","name":"DropsOrDry\u00ae (Pumpkin Seed and Soy Isoflavone for Bladder \u2014 Tradichem)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"DropsOrDry\u00ae is a bladder-health ingredient from Tradichem that combines pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) extract with soy isoflavones (genistin and genistein). It is positioned to support normal urinary function and bladder control, with supplier research in perimenopausal women. Independent published data are limited.","categories":["Kidney/Urinary Tract","Women's Health","Menopause Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"elemin","name":"elemin\u00ae (Senonian Trace Minerals \u2014 VDF FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"elemin\u00ae is a plant-based trace-mineral complex from VDF FutureCeuticals, cold-water extracted from an ancient peat deposit and supplying over 70 small-particle, water-soluble trace minerals. It is used to add a broad spectrum of naturally sourced trace minerals to supplements, foods, and beverages.","categories":["Bone Health","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"gevalin","name":"Gevalin\u00ae (Bael Fruit for Digestive Health \u2014 Zeus Hygia)","latinName":"Aegle marmelos","shortDescription":"Gevalin\u00ae is a bael fruit (Aegle marmelos) pulp extract from Zeus Hygia, standardized to marmelosin and gallotannic acid. Rooted in Ayurvedic tradition, it is positioned to support relief from acidity, heartburn, bloating, and the symptoms of acid reflux (GERD), and to support smoother digestion.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":0},{"id":"p40p","name":"P40p\u2122 (Pomegranate Extract \u2014 PLT Health)","latinName":"Punica granatum","shortDescription":"P40p\u2122 is a highly standardized pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract from PLT Health Solutions, providing more than 40% punicosides and over 30% punicalagins. Pomegranate polyphenols are potent antioxidants studied for supporting heart health, including healthy blood pressure.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"dihydromyricetin","name":"Dihydromyricetin (DHM, from Hovenia dulcis)","latinName":"Hovenia dulcis","shortDescription":"Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a flavonoid from the Japanese raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis), marketed mainly as a hangover and anti-alcohol supplement that may support the body's breakdown of alcohol and help protect the liver; it is also studied for liver and metabolic health. It is popular for hangover support, on the idea that it speeds alcohol metabolism and counters some of alcohol's effects, though human evidence is limited and largely anecdotal. Products typically provide a few hundred milligrams. Importantly, DHM does not make drinking safe or prevent impairment, so it should never be used to justify drinking more or driving; those with liver conditions should check with a doctor.","categories":["Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"pharmagaba","name":"PharmaGABA\u00ae (Natural Fermented GABA \u2014 Pharma Foods)","latinName":"","shortDescription":"PharmaGABA\u00ae is a branded form of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) made by natural fermentation with the lactic-acid bacterium Lactobacillus hilgardii, produced by Pharma Foods International (Japan). It is the GABA source used in much of the human \"relaxation\" research, including EEG studies that report increased alpha-wave activity (a calm, focused brain state) within about an hour of a 100 mg dose. It is marketed for stress, relaxation, and sleep support. As with all oral GABA, effects are modest and the mechanism is debated, since GABA crosses the blood-brain barrier poorly and is thought to act largely through peripheral, gut-brain signaling.","categories":["Sleep Health","Stress & Anxiety"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":"","affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"vispo","name":"VISPO\u2122 (VI-SPO\u00ae Saw Palmetto CO\u2082 Oil)","latinName":"Serenoa repens","shortDescription":"VISPO\u2122 (also written VI-SPO\u00ae) is a branded supercritical CO\u2082-extracted saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) berry oil from Vidya Herbs, standardized to a high free-fatty-acid content (\u226585%) with a phytosterol-enriched grade (2\u20133% \u03b2-sitosterol). It is unusual among branded saw palmetto extracts in carrying two of its own randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials: a 16-week androgenetic-alopecia study (oral and topical) reporting reduced hair fall and lower DHT, and a benign-prostatic-hyperplasia comparative study. Honest framing: both trials are manufacturer-sponsored and saw palmetto's broader prostate evidence is genuinely mixed (several positive trials but large rigorous trials such as STEP and CAMUS were null). For the generic plant, see the separate Saw Palmetto entry.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Men's Health","Prostate Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":3},{"id":"actrisave","name":"ActriSave\u2122 (Black Rice & Prickly Pear Hair Complex)","latinName":"Oryza sativa / Opuntia ficus-indica","shortDescription":"ActriSave is a branded oral extract from Bionap (Italy) that pairs black rice (Oryza sativa) anthocyanins with prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) flower flavonoids, standardized to roughly 4.5-5.5% anthocyanins (as cyanidin-3-glucoside) and 1-2% isorhamnetin. It is marketed for male hair support and blemish-prone skin, on the rationale that anthocyanins and cactus-flower flavonoids protect hair dermal papilla cells and sebocytes from oxidative and androgen stress. Honest framing: Bionap's own clinical trial on ActriSave has not been indexed in PubMed, so the strongest verifiable evidence is mechanistic work on its key component (cyanidin-3-glucoside) in androgenetic alopecia rather than large independent trials of the finished branded blend.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":3},{"id":"anagain-nu","name":"AnaGain\u2122 Nu (Organic Pea Sprout Extract)","latinName":"Pisum sativum","shortDescription":"AnaGain\u2122 Nu is the oral (nutraceutical) grade of Mibelle Biochemistry's pea-sprout hair active \u2014 a water-soluble extract of organic germinated pea (Pisum sativum) sprouts. The proposed mechanism is rebalancing the hair-growth cycle by stimulating dermal papilla cells and upregulating the anagen-promoting signals FGF7 and Noggin; the sprouts are also rich in L-arginine, which supports scalp microcirculation. Honest framing: the supporting clinical study is a small, manufacturer-run short communication, so AnaGain Nu is best described as an emerging, mechanism-backed hair ingredient rather than a heavily proven one. The 'Nu' suffix marks Mibelle's ingestible line, distinct from the original topical AnaGain.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"enduberry-nu","name":"EnduBerry\u2122 Nu (Haskap / Blue Honeysuckle Berry)","latinName":"Lonicera caerulea","shortDescription":"EnduBerry\u2122 Nu is Mibelle Biochemistry's oral haskap (blue honeysuckle berry, Lonicera caerulea) extract, standardized for anthocyanins (notably cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) and positioned for endurance and exercise performance. Its branded trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover in recreational runners showing improved running performance. Honest framing: a small crossover study, manufacturer-associated, so the endurance benefit is promising but not yet broadly replicated.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Antioxidant","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":1},{"id":"fenukale-nu","name":"FenuKale\u2122 Nu (Blue Fenugreek & Kale Extract)","latinName":"Trigonella caerulea / Brassica oleracea","shortDescription":"FenuKale\u2122 Nu is Mibelle's oral blend of blue fenugreek (Trigonella caerulea) and kale (Brassica oleracea), a polyphenol/flavonoid-rich extract marketed for skin protection against pollution via Nrf2-mediated detox signaling. Its branded trial was placebo-controlled in a high-pollution Mumbai cohort and reported improved skin moisture and reduced water loss. Honest framing: one manufacturer-associated trial; the broader fenugreek and cruciferous-vegetable literature supports the antioxidant rationale.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Detox & Cleanse","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":1},{"id":"monajuventa-nu","name":"MonaJuventa\u2122 Nu (Scarlet Beebalm / Didymin)","latinName":"Monarda didyma","shortDescription":"MonaJuventa\u2122 Nu is Mibelle's oral scarlet beebalm (Monarda didyma) extract standardized to the flavonoid didymin, marketed for healthy aging, stress and sleep. Its branded evidence combines laboratory work with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in stressed workers that reported a slower gain in an epigenetic-age measure and lower cortisol versus placebo. Honest framing: a single manufacturer-associated trial using a novel biological-age endpoint that needs independent replication.","categories":["Longevity","Stress & Anxiety","Sleep Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":1},{"id":"santenergy-nu","name":"SantEnergy\u2122 Nu (Yerba Santa / Santa Herba)","latinName":"Eriodictyon californicum","shortDescription":"SantEnergy\u2122 Nu is Mibelle's oral yerba santa (Eriodictyon californicum) extract \u2014 a caffeine-free, polyphenol-rich 'energizer' standardized for eriodictyol-type flavonoids, marketed for energy and weight/metabolic support. Its branded trial was randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled in overweight women and reported modulated energy metabolism with reductions in body weight and fat. Honest framing: one manufacturer-associated trial; caffeine-free is a genuine differentiator.","categories":["Weight Management","Energy","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":1},{"id":"sarapepp-nu","name":"SaraPEPP\u2122 Nu (Timut / Nepalese Pepper)","latinName":"Zanthoxylum armatum","shortDescription":"SaraPEPP\u2122 Nu is Mibelle's oral Timut (Nepalese) pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum) extract standardized to hydroxy-alpha-sanshool and supplied with an MCT carrier, marketed for attention and cognitive performance. It is backed by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (n=82) from an established cognition research group showing improved speed of attention and reduced frontal-lobe blood-flow load, both acutely and after 8 weeks. Honest framing: a single but well-conducted trial.","categories":["Cognitive","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":1},{"id":"cm-glucan-nu","name":"CM-Glucan\u2122 Nu (Carboxymethyl Yeast Beta-Glucan)","latinName":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","shortDescription":"CM-Glucan\u2122 Nu is Mibelle's water-soluble carboxymethylated beta-1,3/1,6-glucan from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), an oral immune 'trainer' marketed for immune resilience and seasonal respiratory comfort. Its own branded trial was published in a non-PubMed-indexed journal, but the broader yeast beta-glucan class has solid randomized evidence for immune support. Honest framing: judge CM-Glucan Nu on the strong beta-glucan class evidence plus a manufacturer trial rather than on independently indexed brand-specific data.","categories":["Immune Support","Respiratory Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"dracobelle-nu","name":"DracoBelle\u2122 Nu (Moldavian Dragonhead Collagen Booster)","latinName":"Dracocephalum moldavica","shortDescription":"DracoBelle\u2122 Nu is Mibelle's oral, vegan 'collagen booster' from Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica), standardized to flavonoid-glucuronides. Rather than supplying collagen, it is designed to stimulate the skin's own collagen via AMPK/FOXO longevity signaling, and is marketed for skin hydration and density. Its branded human trial (in women) reported improved skin hydration and thickness but was published in a non-PubMed-indexed journal. Honest framing: emerging beauty-from-within ingredient with manufacturer-level human evidence.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Longevity"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":1},{"id":"mintybright-nu","name":"MintyBright\u2122 Nu (Apple Mint Skin-Brightening Extract)","latinName":"Mentha suaveolens","shortDescription":"MintyBright\u2122 Nu is Mibelle's oral apple mint (Mentha suaveolens) leaf extract, a flavonoid-rich active marketed for skin brightening and a more even tone from within (it inhibits melanogenesis and raises antioxidant defense in lab models). Its branded human trial in women reported increased skin lightness, but was published in a non-PubMed-indexed journal. Honest framing: an early-stage ingestible beauty ingredient supported chiefly by manufacturer data and antioxidant mechanism.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":1},{"id":"phytocelltec-md-nu","name":"PhytoCellTec\u2122 Md Nu (Apple Stem Cell Extract)","latinName":"Malus domestica","shortDescription":"PhytoCellTec\u2122 Md Nu is the oral version of Mibelle's apple stem-cell active, made from cultured callus biomass of the rare Swiss 'Uttwiler Sp\u00e4tlauber' apple (Malus domestica) and approved by EFSA as a Novel Food for supplements. It is marketed for skin vitality and healthy aging from within. Honest framing: the oral form has EFSA novel-food safety clearance but lacks peer-reviewed, PubMed-indexed human efficacy trials \u2014 the skin claims rest on manufacturer 'own clinical results' and the topical version's data, so the evidence is preclinical/manufacturer-level.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Longevity","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":1},{"id":"rosefit","name":"ROSEFIT\u2122 (Rose Petal Polyphenol Extract)","latinName":"Rosa multiflora","shortDescription":"ROSEFIT\u2122 is a branded rose petal (Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla) extract from Vidya Herbs, standardized to roughly 60% polyphenols with isoquercetin, marketed for appetite and body-fat support. Its branded trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study (n=70) reporting reduced body weight, BMI and fat mass with preserved lean mass over 12 weeks. Honest framing: one manufacturer-associated trial, so promising but not yet independently replicated.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":1},{"id":"cga-7","name":"CGA-7\u2122 (Green Coffee Chlorogenic Acid Complex)","latinName":"Coffea arabica / Coffea robusta","shortDescription":"CGA-7\u2122 is a branded water-soluble green (unroasted) coffee bean extract from Vidya Herbs standardized to 50% chlorogenic acids (a seven-isomer complex), marketed for weight, metabolic and lipid support. The generic chlorogenic-acid evidence base is substantial \u2014 multiple meta-analyses link green coffee to modest reductions in body weight and cardiometabolic markers. Honest framing: CGA-7's own branded trial is not PubMed-indexed, and across the green-coffee literature effect sizes are real but small and some trials are low quality.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"asera","name":"Asera\u2122 (Standardized Ashwagandha \u2014 Withanolides + Oligosaccharides)","latinName":"Withania somnifera","shortDescription":"Asera\u2122 is a branded ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract from Vidya Herbs with a dual standardization \u2014 10% withanolides plus 30% oligosaccharides \u2014 marketed for stress, mood and sleep. Ashwagandha is one of the best-evidenced adaptogens, with multiple randomized trials and systematic reviews showing reduced stress, anxiety and cortisol. Honest framing: that strong evidence is for ashwagandha generally; Asera's specific branded trial is not PubMed-indexed, so it inherits the generic evidence plus manufacturer data. See the generic Ashwagandha entry and other branded forms.","categories":["Stress & Anxiety","Mood & Mental Health","Sleep Health","Cognitive"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"afperfit","name":"AfperFIT\u2122 (Grains of Paradise \u2014 6-Paradol)","latinName":"Aframomum melegueta","shortDescription":"AfperFIT\u2122 is a branded grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) seed extract from Vidya Herbs standardized to 6-paradol, marketed for thermogenesis, brown-fat activation and visceral-fat reduction. Grains of paradise has human studies showing increased energy expenditure and reduced visceral fat. Honest framing: AfperFIT's own branded trial is not PubMed-indexed, so it leans on the generic Aframomum evidence, which is promising but from small studies.","categories":["Weight Management","Metabolic Health","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"asdamarin","name":"Asdamarin\u2122 (Asafoetida & Milk Thistle Digestive Blend)","latinName":"Ferula asafoetida / Silybum marianum","shortDescription":"Asdamarin\u2122 is a branded digestive blend from Vidya Herbs pairing asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida) oleo-gum-resin CO\u2082 extract with milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seed, marketed for functional dyspepsia and gut comfort. A randomized controlled trial of asafoetida alone has shown relief of dyspepsia symptoms, supporting the lead ingredient. Honest framing: the specific Asdamarin combination trial is not PubMed-indexed, so it leans on component evidence.","categories":["Gut Health","Liver Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"alliage","name":"Alli\u00e0ge\u2122 (Aged Garlic Extract \u2014 S-Allylcysteine)","latinName":"Allium sativum","shortDescription":"Alli\u00e0ge\u2122 is a branded aged garlic extract from Vidya Herbs standardized to S-allylcysteine (SAC), marketed for men's hormonal and sexual wellbeing. Aged garlic itself is exceptionally well evidenced for cardiovascular benefits \u2014 multiple systematic reviews show reduced blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. Honest framing: Alli\u00e0ge's strongest evidence is the cardiometabolic aged-garlic literature; its specific men's-health branded trial is not PubMed-indexed, so that particular claim is less established.","categories":["Men's Health","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"nugensia","name":"N\u016bGensia\u2122 (Akkermansia muciniphila Postbiotic)","latinName":"Akkermansia muciniphila","shortDescription":"N\u016bGensia\u2122 is a branded Akkermansia muciniphila (strain VHAKM) postbiotic from Vidya Herbs, starch-shell encapsulated and dosed at about 10 billion CFU/day, marketed for blood-sugar, weight and metabolic support. The Akkermansia class is backed by landmark human trials \u2014 including a Nature Medicine proof-of-concept RCT showing improved metabolic markers in overweight adults. Honest framing: N\u016bGensia's own branded trial is in a non-PubMed-indexed journal, so it leans on the strong generic Akkermansia evidence. See the generic Akkermansia muciniphila entry.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Gut Health","Weight Management"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"skin-cera","name":"Skin-Cera\u00ae (Konjac Glucosylceramides)","latinName":"Amorphophallus konjac","shortDescription":"Skin-Cera\u00ae is a branded konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) tuber extract from Vidya Herbs standardized to glucosylceramides, taken as a beauty-from-within active for skin hydration, barrier and anti-aging. Unusually for a niche branded ingredient, it has its own published, PubMed-indexed randomized placebo-controlled oral trial showing skin benefits, and the wider oral-glucosylceramide literature supports skin hydration. Honest framing: a small but genuine indexed trial.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"odilia","name":"Odilia\u2122 (Opuntia Prebiotic Cladode Extract)","latinName":"Opuntia ficus-indica","shortDescription":"Odilia\u2122 is a branded prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladode extract from Bionap, standardized in prebiotic polysaccharides and piscidic acid and marketed for gut health and the gut-brain-muscle axis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Opuntia prebiotic supplementation has shown improvement in gut dysbiosis, supporting the plant's prebiotic action. Honest framing: Odilia's own branded clinical trial is not PubMed-indexed, so it leans on generic Opuntia prebiotic evidence.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"hydrovas-10","name":"Hydrovas\u00ae 10 (Olive Hydroxytyrosol Extract)","latinName":"Olea europaea","shortDescription":"Hydrovas\u00ae 10 is a branded water-soluble olive (Olea europaea) fruit extract from Bionap standardized to 10\u201312% hydroxytyrosol plus tyrosol, marketed for cardiovascular and antioxidant support. Hydroxytyrosol is one of the most potent dietary antioxidants and carries an authorized EFSA health claim: olive-oil polyphenols protect blood lipids from oxidative damage at 5 mg/day of hydroxytyrosol and derivatives. Honest framing: the class evidence is strong; Hydrovas 10's own branded trials are not separately PubMed-indexed.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"pepform-bcaa","name":"PepForm\u00ae BCAA 2:1:1 Peptides (Branched-Chain Amino Acids \u2014 Glanbia Nutritionals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PepForm\u00ae BCAA 2:1:1 Peptides bind free branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine in a 2:1:1 ratio) to whey-derived peptides using Glanbia's peptide carrier technology, improving solubility and taste over free-form BCAAs. BCAAs, led by leucine, are studied for triggering muscle protein synthesis and reducing exercise-induced muscle soreness. Honest framing: the performance and recovery evidence belongs to BCAAs generally; PepForm's specific 70\u201380% higher-absorption figure is manufacturer data. See the generic Branched-Chain Amino Acids entry.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"pepform-glutamine","name":"PepForm\u00ae Glutamine Peptides (L-Glutamine \u2014 Glanbia Nutritionals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PepForm\u00ae Glutamine Peptides bind free L-glutamine to whey-derived peptides. This is a genuinely useful delivery format because free glutamine is unstable and poorly soluble in liquids, while the peptide-bound form is more stable and dissolves cleanly. Glutamine is studied for gut-barrier support, exercise recovery, and immune function, especially under physical stress. Honest framing: the evidence is for glutamine generally; PepForm's absorption claims are manufacturer data.","categories":["Gut Health","Muscle & Recovery","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"pepform-arginine","name":"PepForm\u00ae Arginine Peptides (L-Arginine \u2014 Glanbia Nutritionals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PepForm\u00ae Arginine Peptides bind free L-arginine to whey-derived peptides, improving the solubility and palatability of an amino acid that is otherwise bitter. L-arginine is a direct precursor to nitric oxide, the signaling molecule behind blood-vessel dilation, and is studied for circulation, blood pressure, exercise blood flow, and erectile function. Honest framing: arginine's oral bioavailability is limited (citrulline is often more efficient at raising arginine), and PepForm's absorption claims are manufacturer data.","categories":["Cardiovascular","Athletic Performance","Men's Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"pepform-citrulline","name":"PepForm\u00ae Citrulline Peptides (L-Citrulline \u2014 Glanbia Nutritionals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PepForm\u00ae Citrulline Peptides bind free L-citrulline to whey-derived peptides for clean solubility and taste. L-citrulline is an efficient nitric-oxide booster: the body converts it to arginine and then to nitric oxide, and it tends to raise blood arginine more effectively than arginine taken directly. It is one of the better-evidenced 'pump' and blood-flow ingredients, studied for exercise performance and blood pressure. Honest framing: PepForm's specific absorption figures are manufacturer data.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular","Muscle & Recovery"],"evidenceLevel":4,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"pepform-tryptophan","name":"PepForm\u00ae Tryptophan Peptides (L-Tryptophan \u2014 Glanbia Nutritionals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PepForm\u00ae Tryptophan Peptides bind free L-tryptophan to whey-derived peptides, and Glanbia markets the form specifically for sleep and calm applications. Tryptophan is the amino-acid precursor to serotonin and, downstream, melatonin, and is studied for sleep and mood support. Honest framing: tryptophan's effects are real but modest, the peptide-delivery absorption claims are manufacturer data, and high-dose tryptophan should be used cautiously with serotonergic medications.","categories":["Sleep Health","Mood & Mental Health"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"pepform-a-fatigue-fighter","name":"PepForm\u00ae A-Fatigue Fighter Peptides (Anti-Fatigue Amino Acid Blend \u2014 Glanbia Nutritionals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PepForm\u00ae A-Fatigue Fighter Peptides is Glanbia's anti-fatigue entry in the PepForm line, delivering amino acids bound to whey-derived peptides for clean solubility and taste in energy and sports products. Honest framing: unlike the single-amino-acid PepForm products, the exact composition of A-Fatigue Fighter is not publicly disclosed, and we could not find a dedicated peer-reviewed trial of this specific blend. It is best understood as a peptide-delivery anti-fatigue amino-acid blend whose rationale rests on the broader amino-acid exercise-fatigue literature.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":null,"trialCount":2},{"id":"myoceram","name":"Myoceram\u00ae (oral rice/corn ceramides \u2014 InnoVactiv)","latinName":"Oryza sativa (rice) or Zea mays (corn)-derived glucosylceramides","shortDescription":"Myoceram is a branded, allergen-free ceramide ingredient sourced from non-GMO rice or corn and taken by mouth at a low daily dose to support the skin barrier from within. Rather than sitting on the surface like a cream, dietary glucosylceramides are thought to supply building blocks and signals that help skin make its own ceramides, the lipids that hold moisture in and keep the barrier intact. Honest evidence note: there is no published trial on Myoceram itself; its support comes from the maker's unpublished dossier plus independent human and lab studies on dietary glucosylceramide from rice and other plants. Evidence is limited.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"merlix","name":"merLIX\u2122 (marine DNA & nucleotide complex \u2014 InnoVactiv)","latinName":"Clupea harengus (Atlantic herring) milt","shortDescription":"merLIX\u2122 is a branded marine bioactive complex from InnoVactiv, made by upcycling sustainably sourced North Atlantic herring milt (soft roe). It is positioned as one of nature's richest sources of marine DNA and nucleotides, and also supplies arginine-rich peptides, polyamines, phospholipids, and omega-3 fatty acids. The brand markets it for everyday cellular vitality, healthy aging, energy metabolism, physical performance, and normal immune function. Honesty note: there are no published human clinical trials on merLIX itself. The rationale rests on broader human research into dietary nucleotides, so the ingredient-specific evidence is preliminary and the studies below used nucleotides in general, not this branded product.","categories":["Immune Support","Energy"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"cartidyss","name":"Cartidyss\u00ae (marine collagen peptides + chondroitin \u2014 InnoVactiv)","latinName":"Hydrolyzed fish cartilage (marine collagen peptides + glycosaminoglycans)","shortDescription":"Cartidyss\u00ae is a branded marine ingredient made by enzymatic hydrolysis of fish cartilage, yielding low-molecular-weight collagen peptides naturally paired with glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate. Taken by mouth, it is marketed to support joint comfort and skin quality. Human evidence is early but encouraging: a small placebo-controlled study reported improved skin appearance, and a small exploratory study in adults with knee discomfort reported better self-rated joint comfort and function. These come from limited trials, so results are preliminary rather than confirmed by large randomized studies.","categories":["Joint Health","Hair, Skin & Nails"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"iodaid","name":"IodAid\u2122 (organic brown-seaweed iodine \u2014 InnoVactiv)","latinName":"Ascophyllum nodosum & Fucus vesiculosus","shortDescription":"IodAid\u2122 is a branded oral extract of two North Atlantic brown seaweeds (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus) that supplies iodine in a naturally bound, plant-based (organic) form, plus fucoidan. Iodine is essential for making thyroid hormones, which help regulate metabolism, energy, nervous-system function, and skin health, so it supports normal iodine intake and thyroid function. Iodine's thyroid role is well established, and human studies show seaweed iodine raises iodine status. But trials on this specific branded extract are limited, so claims rest on iodine's general role rather than product-specific data.","categories":["Thyroid Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"selectsieve-rainbow","name":"SelectSIEVE\u00ae Rainbow (Black Rice & Citrus Polyphenol Complex \u2014 Roelmi HPC)","latinName":"Oryza sativa","shortDescription":"SelectSIEVE\u00ae Rainbow is an oral beauty-from-within complex from Roelmi HPC that combines anthocyanins from black rice, flavonoids from citrus, and fibers and proteolytic enzymes from kiwi and pineapple. It is positioned to support skin tone, elasticity, and healthy microcirculation. The evidence comes from the activity of its individual plant components rather than from published trials of the finished blend, so it is best viewed as preliminary.","categories":["Hair, Skin & Nails","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"cognatiq","name":"CognatiQ\u00ae (whole coffee fruit extract for BDNF & cognition \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":"Coffea arabica","shortDescription":"CognatiQ\u00ae (formerly branded NeuroFactor\u00ae) is a patented whole coffee fruit extract from FutureCeuticals, made from the entire cherry and bean of the Coffea arabica plant rather than the roasted seed alone. Its eco-friendly, low-heat process preserves a distinctive spread of polyphenols, including chlorogenic acids, while keeping caffeine low. It is best known as one of the few ingredients studied in humans for acutely raising blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a signaling protein tied to the growth and maintenance of neurons. Small human studies also explored working memory, reaction time, and accuracy. It is positioned for cognitive support and healthy brain aging.","categories":["Cognitive","Longevity","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"spectra","name":"Spectra\u00ae (30-plant antioxidant blend \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Spectra is a branded, plant-based antioxidant complex built from roughly 29-30 fruit, vegetable, and herb extracts and concentrates, including whole coffee fruit, green tea, broccoli and broccoli sprouts, onion, turmeric, tomato, acai, camu camu, elderberry, and quercetin-rich botanicals. It is standardized to a broad total antioxidant capacity (ORAC 5.0, minimum 40,000 trolox-equivalent units per gram) meant to quench several different reactive oxygen species rather than just one. In small human studies it has been shown to lower ex vivo markers of oxidative and inflammatory activity in blood, supporting the body's own antioxidant defenses.","categories":["Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"caffinity","name":"Caffinity\u00ae (natural coffee-fruit caffeine complex \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Caffinity is a branded energy ingredient from FutureCeuticals made from the whole Arabica coffee cherry (both the bean and the surrounding fruit). Rather than isolated synthetic caffeine, it delivers naturally occurring caffeine alongside coffee-fruit polyphenols such as chlorogenic acids, marketed as a cleaner, food-derived source of caffeine for pre-workout energy and focus. A single published human trial in trained cyclists found that a dose providing 200 mg of caffeine modestly improved cycling time-trial output and lowered perceived effort. It is positioned for sports-nutrition and everyday energy formulas that want a plant-based caffeine story.","categories":["Energy","Athletic Performance","Metabolic Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":1},{"id":"natureknit","name":"NatureKnit\u00ae (whole-food fruit & vegetable prebiotic fiber \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"NatureKnit is a branded prebiotic fiber ingredient from FutureCeuticals made from a whole-food blend of upcycled fruit and vegetable fibers \u2014 apple, carrot, cranberry, blueberry, and whole spinach \u2014 that keep their naturally occurring, fiber-bound polyphenols intact. Unlike a single purified fiber, this intact plant matrix is designed to ferment slowly and steadily in the colon, feeding beneficial bacteria and supporting production of short-chain fatty acids while aiming to avoid the sudden gas and bloating that fast-fermenting fibers can cause. It is studied for supporting a diverse, active gut microbiome.","categories":["Gut Health"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"vitacurrant","name":"VitaCurrant\u00ae (blackcurrant anthocyanin extract \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":"Ribes nigrum","shortDescription":"VitaCurrant is a blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) fruit extract from FutureCeuticals, standardized for anthocyanins, the deep-purple pigments (mainly delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides) that give the berry its color. Blackcurrant is one of the richest dietary sources of these compounds. In supplements it is used to support eye comfort and low-light vision, provide antioxidant activity, and support healthy blood flow. Human research on blackcurrant anthocyanins points to help with dark adaptation, screen-related eye fatigue, ocular and peripheral circulation, and antioxidant defenses. Note this is different from blackcurrant seed oil, which supplies the fatty acid GLA rather than anthocyanins.","categories":["Eye Health","Antioxidant","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"tracereplace","name":"TraceReplace\u2122 (plant-derived trace mineral complex \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"TraceReplace is a branded, plant-derived trace mineral complex from FutureCeuticals. It is a cold-water extract drawn from ancient plant (peat) deposits buried beneath sandstone in the western United States, laid down when soils were rich in a broad spectrum of nutrients. The finished ingredient is a water-soluble powder or liquid concentrate said to supply 60 to 70-plus trace minerals and elements in small, plant-assimilated forms. It is positioned to help fill the trace-mineral gaps left by modern, high-yield agriculture that has depleted topsoil. Note: current support for TraceReplace is compositional and class-based; there are no published human clinical trials on the finished ingredient itself.","categories":["Metabolic Health","Bone Health"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"truserv","name":"TruServ\u00ae (whole-food fruit & vegetable servings \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"TruServ is a line of whole-food fruit, vegetable, and leafy-green powders and pieces from FutureCeuticals and Van Drunen Farms, offered in organic and conventional forms. Rather than an isolated extract, it delivers dehydrated whole produce (for example apple, cranberry, and blueberry fruit blends, or kale, spinach, and broccoli greens blends) that a brand can label as USDA MyPlate-equivalent servings of fruit or vegetables. The idea is to help close the everyday produce gap, adding plant fiber, naturally occurring vitamins, and antioxidant phytonutrients to beverages, bars, and capsules. It is a nutrition-gap and antioxidant ingredient, not a therapeutic one, and it carries no finished-product clinical trials.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"phytoserv","name":"PhytoServ\u00ae (concentrated fruit & vegetable phytonutrient extract \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"PhytoServ is a proprietary line of concentrated, plant-based powdered extracts from FutureCeuticals designed to deliver the phytonutrient equivalent of a serving of fruits and vegetables in a small, low-dose format. Using a patented substantiation method, each extract is standardized so its concentrated phytonutrients match those found in roughly a half-cup (one serving) of fresh produce, so it can deliver a fruit-and-vegetable serving in a small capsule, tablet, gummy, or beverage. It is marketed mainly as a source of natural plant antioxidants to help close the everyday \"phytonutrient gap.\" Available as single extracts and as Veggie, Fruit, Medley, and Superfoods blends.","categories":["Antioxidant","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":1,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"vitalign","name":"VitAlign\u00ae (plant polyphenol cellular-vitality blend \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"VitAlign is a branded, low-dose polyphenol blend from FutureCeuticals built from seven plant extracts and powders (blueberry, broccoli, cherry, green coffee bean, green tea, kale and turmeric). It is standardized to at least 60% total polyphenols, 30% catechins and 3% curcuminoids, delivering catechins, chlorogenic acids, EGCG and curcumin in a single 50 mg serving. Marketed for cellular vitality, it is studied for its ability to help lower excess reactive oxygen species from multiple cellular sources and to support healthy nitric oxide levels, with an eye toward antioxidant defense, immune balance and cardiovascular wellness.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cardiovascular","Immune Support"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"promentum","name":"Promentum\u00ae (calcium fructoborate for joints & bone \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Promentum is FutureCeuticals' branded calcium fructoborate, a plant-form \"sugar-borate\" complex that pairs boron with fructose the way the mineral naturally occurs in fruits and vegetables. Marketed as Non-GMO Project Verified, it is positioned to support joint comfort and mobility, bone strength, and the body's use of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D. It shares its active molecule with FutureCeuticals' long-studied FruiteX-B, so its human evidence comes largely from calcium fructoborate research in people with knee discomfort and mild osteoarthritis, where small trials reported improved comfort scores and lower inflammatory markers over 1 to 3 months.","categories":["Joint Health","Bone Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":3,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"phyto-c","name":"Phyto-C\u00ae (whole-food vitamin C and polyphenol immune complex \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"Phyto-C is a branded, plant-derived vitamin C and polyphenol complex from FutureCeuticals, built from a blend of fruits and vegetables rather than synthetic ascorbic acid. Its vitamin C comes mainly from acerola cherry extract, delivering roughly 20% of the Daily Value per serving, while a companion blend of kale, broccoli, berries, green tea, green coffee bean and turmeric supplies polyphenols such as catechins, chlorogenic acid and curcuminoids (around 15% total polyphenols). It is marketed for everyday immune and antioxidant support, offering a low-dose, food-based alternative to isolated vitamin C.","categories":["Immune Support","Antioxidant","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2},{"id":"vitacherry-sport","name":"VitaCherry\u00ae Sport (whole tart cherry recovery powder \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":"Prunus cerasus","shortDescription":"VitaCherry\u00ae Sport is a concentrated whole-fruit Montmorency-type tart cherry (Prunus cerasus) powder from FutureCeuticals, standardized for anthocyanins and other cherry polyphenols. Unlike skin-only powders, it is made from the whole tart cherry, and the manufacturer reports a higher anthocyanin content per gram than some other tart-cherry powders, though this comparison has not been independently verified in published head-to-head studies. It is marketed to athletes and active people to support post-exercise muscle recovery, ease normal exercise-related muscle soreness, and promote a healthy inflammatory and antioxidant response. Much of the published human evidence is on Montmorency tart cherry generally (juice, concentrate, and powder) rather than this specific branded powder.","categories":["Muscle & Recovery","Athletic Performance","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"vitablue","name":"VitaBlue\u00ae (concentrated American blueberry extract \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"VitaBlue is a concentrated whole-fruit American/wild blueberry (Vaccinium) extract from FutureCeuticals, made with low-temperature processing to preserve the berry's natural color pigments. It is standardized to deliver a high load of anthocyanins and total polyphenols, the deep-blue compounds that give blueberries their well-known antioxidant reputation. Marketed for antioxidant defense, healthy cognition and memory, eye and vascular support, VitaBlue concentrates the actives of many cups of fresh berries into a small capsule or scoop. Direct human trials on the finished VitaBlue product are limited, so most supporting evidence comes from studies on wild blueberries and their anthocyanins.","categories":["Antioxidant","Cognitive","Cardiovascular"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":4},{"id":"s7","name":"S7\u00ae (plant-based nitric oxide booster \u2014 FutureCeuticals)","latinName":null,"shortDescription":"S7 is a low-dose, non-stimulant, plant-based ingredient from FutureCeuticals that blends seven phytonutrient-rich botanicals: green coffee bean, green tea, turmeric, tart cherry, blueberry, broccoli, and kale. Rather than supplying nitrates directly, this polyphenol complex is designed to support the body's own production of nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule that helps blood vessels relax and promotes healthy blood flow. It is marketed mainly for sports-nutrition \"pump\" and circulation support, and its polyphenols also provide antioxidant activity that helps the body manage everyday free radicals (reactive oxygen species). Typical use is a small once-daily dose of 25 to 50 mg.","categories":["Athletic Performance","Cardiovascular","Antioxidant"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":3},{"id":"microbiomex","name":"MicrobiomeX\u00ae (Citrus Flavonoid Extract \u2014 BioActor)","latinName":"Citrus sinensis, Citrus paradisi","shortDescription":"MicrobiomeX\u00ae is a citrus flavonoid extract from BioActor (now majority-owned by Solabia), made from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and standardized to flavonoids, mostly hesperidin with a smaller amount of naringin. Marketed as a \"flavobiotic,\" it is designed to work together with the gut microbiome rather than simply be absorbed: the flavonoids travel largely intact to the colon, where resident bacteria transform them into active metabolites. In a 12-week human study of adults with features of metabolic syndrome, daily supplementation shifted the balance of short-chain fatty acids the gut makes toward butyrate, the main fuel for the cells lining the colon, alongside a trend toward a lower marker of gut inflammation.","categories":["Gut Health","Anti-Inflammatory"],"evidenceLevel":2,"image":null,"affiliateLink":"","trialCount":2}]